{{short description|1966 film}} {{Infobox film | name = Texas, Adios | image = Texas addio.jpg | caption = Italian poster | screenplay = {{ubli|Ferdinando Baldi|[[Franco Rossetti]]}} | starring = {{ubli|[[Franco Nero]]|[[Alberto Dell'Acqua]]|[[José Suárez (actor)|José Suarez]]|[[Elisa Montés]]}} | director = [[Ferdinando Baldi]] | producer = Manolo Bolognini | music = [[Antón García Abril|Anton Abril]] | cinematography = [[Enzo Barboni]] | editing = [[Sergio Montanari]] | studio = {{ubli|B.R.C. Produzione Film|Estela Films}} | distributor =Euro International Films<br>(Italy)<br>C.C.D. (Spain) | released = {{Film date|1966|08|26|Italy|1967|6|22|Spain|df=y}} | runtime = 93 minutes | country = Italy<br>Spain | language = }} '''''Texas, Adios''''' ([[Italian language|Italian]]: ''Texas, addio''; [[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Adiós, Texas'') is a 1966 Italian-Spanish [[spaghetti Western]] film co-written and directed by [[Ferdinando Baldi]] and starring [[Franco Nero]], [[Alberto Dell'Acqua]] (as Cole Kitosch), [[José Suárez (actor)|José Suárez]] and [[Elisa Montés]].
Arriving shortly after ''[[Django (1966 film)|Django]]'', and featuring some of the same team but a different director, it ditches much of the former's European idiosyncrasies. Instead, it opts for a more classical, Hollywood-inspired approach that has been likened, including by Nero himself, to the films of [[Gary Cooper]].<ref name="hardy">{{cite book |editor1=Hardy, Phil |title=The Western | edition=2nd |series=The Overlook Film Encyclopedia | url=https://archive.org/details/overlookfilmency00phil/page/294/mode/2up |location=New York |publisher=The Overlook Press |page=294 |date=1991 |orig-date=1984, 1991 |isbn=0879515171}}</ref><ref>[[#saddle|Nero 2001]], Event occurs at 1:23.</ref>{{sfn|Fisher|2011|p=148}} Perhaps for this reason, it is not as widely remembered as its predecessor, although it was a commercial success at the time.
== Synopsis == A two-fisted and taciturn [[Texas]] sheriff, Burt Sullivan, is a man committed to duty and justice but possessed by a desire for revenge. Sullivan, along with his younger brother Jim, crosses the border to bring wealthy and sadistic Mexican crime boss Cisco Delgado to justice for the murder of their father. Eventually joining forces with a group of [[Mexican Revolution|Mexican revolution]]aries, Burt and Jim soon find themselves at the center of a bloodbath.
==Cast== {{castlist| * [[Franco Nero]] as [[Sheriff]] Burt Sullivan * [[Alberto Dell'Acqua]] as Jim Sullivan (credited as Cole Kitosch) * [[José Suárez (actor)|José Suárez]] as Cisco Delgado * [[Elisa Montés]] as Dancing Mulatta * [[José Guardiola]] as McLeod * [[Livio Lorenzon]] as Alcalde Miguel, the Mayor * Hugo Blanco as Pedro * [[Luigi Pistilli]] as Hernandez, the Lawyer * Antonella Murgia as Burt's Mother in Flashback * [[Gino Pernice]] as Bank Employee * Giovanni Ivan Scratuglia (as Ivan Scratuglia) as Dick, Burt's [[Deputy sheriff|Deputy]] * Silvana Bacci as Paquita, the Barmaid * [[Remo De Angelis]] as Juan, Delgado Henchman * [[Mario Novelli]] as Bounty Hunter * Enrico Chiappafreddo as Outlaw {{small|(uncredited)}} * [[Lucio De Santis]] as McLeod Henchman {{small|(uncredited)}} }}
==Production== ===Development=== ''Texas, Adios'' was the second film in a planned three-picture contract between star Franco Nero and Manolo Bolognini's B.R.C. Produzione Film of [[Rome]], after the highly influential ''Django''.{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=67}} It was co-produced with Estela Films of [[Madrid]],<ref name="uni-cat68">{{Citation | date=1968 |url=https://archive.org/details/anuario_de_cine_espanyol_1968/page/n15/mode/2up | title=Cine español |type=product catalogue | publisher=Uniespaña | location=Madrid |page=16 |access-date=14 January 2026}}</ref> a joint venture between Eduardo Manzanos Brochero and Jorge Tusell which partnered on other notable Westerns of the era like ''[[Seven Guns for the MacGregors]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mérida |first1=Pablo |date=2003 |url=https://archive.org/details/elcineespanolhis0000meri/page/114/mode/2up |title=El cine español : historia, actores y directores, géneros, principales películas |location=Barcelona |publisher=Larousse |pages=115 |language=es |isbn=9788483323045}}</ref> Although only about three months elapsed between his two films for Bolognini, Nero still found time to star in ''[[Massacre Time]]'',<ref>[[#saddle|Nero 2001]], Event occurs at 1:53.</ref> another Western whose story has been compared to that of ''Texas, Adios''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fridlund |first1=Bert |date=2006 |url=https://archive.org/details/spaghettiwestern0000frid/mode/2up |title=The spaghetti Western : a thematic analysis |location=Jefferson |publisher=McFarland & Company |pages=100–101 |isbn=9780786425075}}</ref>
According to film historian [[Marco Giusti]], making the film a ''Django'' sequel was considered.<ref name="dago-2jan13"/> It was offered to ''Django'' helmer Sergio Corbucci, who turned it down. A young [[Ruggero Deodato]], who had been Corbucci's assistant on ''[[Navajo Joe]]'' and ''Django'', saw the project as a potential career booster and lobbied hard to direct it, but Bolognini ultimately chose [[Ferdinando Baldi]], who was a friend of his.<ref name="mad-161">{{cite magazine |last1=Beddiar |first1=Fathi |date=2004 |title=Le cinoche dans le sang : Interview carrière Ruggero Deodato (1ère partie) |url=https://archive.org/details/mad-movies-161/page/62/mode/2up |magazine=[[Mad Movies]] |location=Paris |publisher=Jean-Pierre Putters |issue=161 |pages=62 | language=fr |issn=03386791}}</ref> Baldi had almost directed ''Django'', when Corbucci had second thoughts about doing it.{{sfn|Monetti & Pallanch|2024|loc=Manolo Bolognini – Vado, risolvo e torno}} This was his first Western as a director.<ref name="dago-2jan13">{{cite web | url =https://m.dagospia.com/media-tv/successo-django-corbucci-scaten-ograve-vera-proprio-django-fever-gli-48800 | title =Tutti i Django del mondo | last1 =Giusti | first1 =Marco | date =2 January 2013 | website =dagospia.com | language =it | access-date =18 October 2025}}</ref> It was announced in the Italian trade press right as production commenced.<ref name="gds-23apr66">{{cite magazine |date=23 April 1966 |author=B.R.C. Produzione Film |title=''Texas, Addio'' announcement |url=https://rivistespettacolo.it:8443/anec/pdfviewer/Anec-Viewer?filename=02_1966_015-19660423.PDF |magazine=Giornale dello spettacolo |location=Rome |volume=XXII |issue=15 |page=12 |language=it |url-access=registration}}</ref>
===Filming=== The film was shot in April and May 1966.<ref>[[#saddle|Nero 2001]], Event occurs at 1:53.</ref> Baldi was a quick, no-frills craftsman, forcing producer Bolognini to stay on set and order more takes, as he feared the director would miss some technical details that were crucial to the Western genre.{{sfn|Monetti & Pallanch|2024|loc=Manolo Bolognini – Vado, risolvo e torno}} Renzo Rosselini was asked by Baldi to be his assistant; he accepted as a friendly gesture and for the fun of working on a Western.{{sfn|Monetti & Pallanch|2024|loc=Renzo Rosselini – Con uno chassis sulle spalle e una pistola alla cintura}} Although Corbucci was absent, other crew members did return from ''Django'', such as cinematographer [[Enzo Barboni]], stunt coordinator [[Remo De Angelis]] and costume designer Giancarlo Simi.<ref name="arrow-tex">{{Cite AV media notes |title=Cut to the Action: The Films of Ferdinando Baldi | work=Texas, Adios | author=Hughes, Howard |date=2018 |pages=10–11 |type=Blu-ray liner notes |location=United Kingdom |publisher=Arrow Video |id={{UPC|5027035019970}}}}</ref> During the shoot, Barboni, who aspired to direct, tried to pitch a more comedic take on the Western to Nero, who was not interested. It would become the runaway hit ''[[They Call Me Trinity]]'' a few years later.{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=232}}
The shoot took place in Spain and Italy. Spanish locations encompassed various locations in the [[Community of Madrid]] and the [[Tabernas Desert]] in the [[province of Almería]].<ref name="vicino">{{cite book |last1=Gaberscek |first1=Carlos |date=2007 |url=https://archive.org/details/ilvicinowestsete0000gabe/page/244/mode/2up |title=Il vicino West : set e location del cinema western in Spagna |location=Campoformido |publisher=Ribis |pages=240 |language=it}}</ref> Nero sometimes socialized with [[Clint Eastwood]], who was shooting ''[[The Good, the Bad and the Ugly]]'' in Almería,<ref>[[#saddle|Nero 2001]], Event occurs at 3:31.</ref> and several supporting actors (Lorenzon, Pistilli, Bacci) appeared in both films.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://onceuponatimeinawestern.com/texas-adios-1966/ | title =Texas Adios (1966) | last1 =Franklin | first1 =Matt | date =January 10, 2017 | website =onceuponatimeinawestern.com | access-date =20 December 2025}}</ref> A few more locations were found in the vicinity of Rome.<ref name="vicino"/> Studio scenes were also shot in Rome, at [[Cinecittà]]<ref name="vicino"/> and Elios Studios for the Mexican village lot.{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=XVII}} By the time of filming, Nero's career had changed course, and was [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]]-bound to play [[Lancelot]] in ''[[Camelot (film)|Camelot]]''. Director [[Joshua Logan]] called him regularly to urge him to stay away from physical scenes, so as to not endanger his participation in his own film.<ref>[[#saddle|Nero 2001]], Event occurs at 1:53.</ref>
Immediately after wrapping up his part, Nero moved on to ''Camelot''.<ref>[[#saddle|Nero 2001]], Event occurs at 1:53.</ref> Some of the principals did not provide their own voice, even in their native language, a common occurrence in European genre films at the time. Nero and Dell'Acqua were respectively voiced in Italian by [[Enrico Maria Salerno]] and [[:it:Massimo Turci]], and Montés was voiced in Spanish by Lola Cervantes. Suárez did voice himself in Spanish.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://westernsallitaliana.blogspot.com/2019/12/voices-of-spaghetti-western-texas-adios.html | title =Voices of the Spaghetti Western ~ 'Texas, Adios' | last1 =Betts | first1 =Tom | date =7 December 2019 | website =Westerns... All'Italiana | access-date =3 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="dobl">{{cite web | url =https://www.eldoblaje.com/datos/FichaPelicula.asp?id=19339 | title =Titulo: Adiós, Texas | last=Postigo |first=Iván | website =eldoblaje.com | language =es | access-date =14 January 2026}}</ref>
==Release== At the start of production, ''Texas, Adios'' was announced for Italian release on 2 September 1966 through Euro International Films,<ref name="gds-23apr66"/> but it was moved up slightly to 26 August.<ref name="dobl"/> It came fairly close to matching ''Django''{{'s}} success in the market, grossing [[Italian lira|ITL]]903 million.{{sfn|Fisher|2011|p=221}} In Spain, it was released by Cooperativa cinematográfica de distribución and opened in Madrid on 22 June 1967.<ref name="dobl"/> It drew 993,000 admissions.<ref name="icaa">{{cite web | url =https://sede.mcu.gob.es/CatalogoICAA/en-us/Peliculas/Detalle?Pelicula=16550 | title =Adiós, Texas | work =The Spanish Film Catalogue |publisher=Instituto de la Cinematografía y de las Artes Audiovisuales | access-date =8 October 2025}}</ref>
In some territories, including [[West Germany]] where ''Django'' had been a bonafide hit, the film was one of many to be marketed as a pseudo sequel. There, it was re-titled ''Django, Der Rächer'' ('Django, The Avenger') by [[Constantin Film]], and was the 10th best attended film of the year.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.insidekino.de/DJahr/D1967.htm | title =Top 100 Deutschland 1967 | website =insidekino.de | language =de | access-date =2 April 2023}}</ref> In the U.K., the film released by Supreme Film Distributors as ''The Avenger'',<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/the-avenger-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0yodiymda | title =The Avenger | website =bbfc.co.uk | access-date =April 28, 2024}}</ref> as part of a double feature with [[Paolo Heusch|''El 'Che' Guevara'']]. It opened in [[Liverpool]] on 17 October 1970.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 October 1970 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/797579856/ | title=''Rebel with a Cause'' / ''The Avenger'' advertisement |newspaper=Liverpool Echo |page=3 {{subscription required|via=newspapers.com}}}}</ref>
===Special screenings=== ''Texas, Adios'' was screened as part of a Franco Nero mini-retrospective presented during the 8th Los Angeles, Italia Film, Fashion and Art Fest in February 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://henryswesternroundup.blogspot.com/2013/02/la-italia-fest-red-carpet.html | title =L.A. Italia Fest Red Carpet | last1 =Parke | first1 =Henry C. | date =18 February 2013 | work =Henry's Western Round-up | access-date =10 January 2026}}</ref>
===Home media=== The film received an English-language tape from U.K. label Inter-Ocean in 1980.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://pre-cert.co.uk/display.php?vId=UK03829 | title =Texas Adios (1966) | website =pre-cert.co.uk | access-date =3 January 2026}}</ref> ''Texas, Adios'' was part of a trilogy of Nero DVD reissues from [[Anchor Bay Entertainment]] in 2001, with ''[[Compañeros (film)|Compañeros]]'' and ''[[Keoma (film)|Keoma]]''.<ref>{{cite news | last1 =Lawson |first1 =Terry |date=24 July 2001 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/361419913 |title=Gun totin' Italian is fine outlaw |newspaper=Detroit Free Press |page=7E {{subscription required|via=newspapers.com}}}}</ref> In 2018, the film was re-issued on Blu-ray by British outfit [[Arrow Video]].<ref name="arrow-baldi">{{Cite AV media notes |title=Cut to the Action: The Films of Ferdinando Baldi | work=Texas, Adios | author=Hughes, Howard |date=2018 |pages=10–11 |type=Blu-ray liner notes |location=United Kingdom |publisher=Arrow Video |id={{UPC|5027035019970}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.dvdbeaver.com/film/dvdcompare/texas.htm | title =Texas, Adios | author=Tooze, Gary; Kofoed, Ole | website =dvdbeaver.com | access-date =10 January 2026}}</ref>
===Soundtrack=== Although the film itself paid tribute to American Westerns, Spanish composer [[Antón García Abril]] noted that his score was primarily influenced by his Italian contemporaries who worked in the genre.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=March 1987 |title=A Short Conversation with Anton Garcia Abril |url= |magazine=Soundtrack! |location=Mechelen |publisher=Luc Van de Veen |volume=6 |issue=21 |page=28 |issn=07716303}}</ref>
==Reception== ===Contemporary=== The Italian daily ''Corriere d'informazione'' called ''Texas, Adios'' an "umpteenth festival of violence" and added that it "follows faithfully the by-now usual pattern of the Italian Western which, all things considered, allows the viewers to get an ever-increasing number of dead bodies on the screen for the same ticket price."<ref name="arrow-rev">{{Cite AV media notes |title=Contemporary Reviews | work=Texas, Adios | translator=Curti, Roberto |date=2018 |pages=23 |type=Blu-ray liner notes |location=United Kingdom |publisher=Arrow Video |id={{UPC|5027035019970}}}}</ref> ''[[La Stampa]]'' deemed that the it was "shot masterfully by director of photography [Enzo] Barboni", while director Baldi "carries to its predictable outcome a film once again over-abundant with violence." The paper noted that the ending, which coincided with the advent of a revolution, invited a sequel.<ref name="arrow-rev"/><ref name="stampa-2sep66">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2 September 1966 | url=https://archive.org/details/lastampa_1966-09-02/mode/2up | title=Le altre 'prime' del cinema : Una commedia americana ed un western italiano |newspaper=La Stampa Sera |location=Turin |page=4 |language=it}}</ref>
===Retrospective=== Trevor Johnston of ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]'' described Nero's character as a "standard issue laconic" and the film as "[w]orkmanlike and unpretentious, but not a patch on [[Sergio Leone|Leone]] or even the ''Django'' series."<ref name="to-gui">{{cite book | editor=Pym, John | author=Johnston, Trevor |title=Time Out Guide 2011 | edition=19th | url=https://archive.org/details/timeoutfilmguide0000unse_d4z1/page/1066/mode/2up |location=London |publisher=Random House |pages=1067 |date=2010 |isbn=9781846702082}}</ref> Phil Hardy's book ''The Western'' found Baldi's direction "Americanized with few of the ritual time-stretching sequences or balletic set-pieces one expects from an Italian Western. Nero's performance, however, is typically Italian."<ref name="hardy"/> In the book ''Spaghetti Westerns – The Good, the Bad and the Violent'', Tom Weisser opined that "with camerawork by the always excellent Enzo Barboni, this Continental co-production delivers the goods", and features "a good macho score".<ref name="weiss-05">{{cite book |last1=Weisser |first1=Thomas |date=2005 |orig-date=1992 |url=https://archive.org/details/spaghettiwestern0000weis/mode/2up |title=Spaghetti Westerns – The Good, the Bad and the Violent: A Comprehensive, Illustrated Filmography of 558 Eurowesterns and Their Personnel, 1961–1977 |location=Jefferson |publisher=McFarland & Company |page=313 |isbn=9780786424429}}</ref>
==Follow-ups== After trying out Hollywood, Nero quickly opted to return to Italy and signed up for 1967's ''[[Man, Pride and Vengeance]]'', a Western-style adaptation of [[Prosper Mérimée]]'s ''[[Carmen (novella)|Carmen]]'', in which Dell'Acqua also co-starred.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lisanti |first1=Tom |date=2015 |url=https://www.google.fr/books/edition/Pamela_Tiffin/mDWSCgAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=%22texas+addio%22&pg=PA204&printsec=frontcover |title=Pamela Tiffin: Hollywood to Rome, 1961–1974 |location=Jefferson |publisher=McFarland & Company |pages=204–205 |isbn=9781476620169}}</ref> Baldi re-teamed with Bolognini, Barboni and screenwriter Rossetti for 1968's ''[[Django, Prepare a Coffin]]'', an official yet loose prequel to the original where [[Terence Hill]] replaced Nero.{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=67}}<ref name="dago-2jan13"/>
==References== {{reflist}}
===Works cited=== * {{anchor|saddle}}{{cite AV media | people =Nero, Franco (guest); Hertz, Gary (director); Curci, Loris (producer) | title =Franco Nero: Back in the Saddle | medium =DVD featurette | date=2001 | publisher =Anchor Bay Entertainment | location =Troy | id={{UPC|013131158397}}}} *{{cite book |title=Once Upon A Time in the Italian West: The Filmgoers' Guide to Spaghetti Westerns |first=Howard |last=Hughes |location=London; New York |publisher=[[I.B.Tauris]] |date=2004 |isbn=9781850434306}} *{{cite book |last1=Fisher |first1=Austin |date=2011 |url=https://archive.org/details/fisher-austin-radical-frontiers-in-the-spaghetti-western-politics-violence-and-p/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Radical Frontiers In The Spaghetti Western Politics, Violence And Popular Italian Cinema |location=London |publisher=I.B. Tauris & Co. |isbn=9781848855786}} *{{cite book |last1=Monetti |first1=Domenico |last2=Pallanch |first2=Luca | date=2024 |url= |title=Champagne e cambiali : Nuove storie e leggende dei produttori italiani da Cinecittà a Hollywood |location=Rome |publisher=Edizioni minimum fax |language=it |isbn=9788833895673}}
==External links== *{{IMDb title|0060143}}
[[Category:1966 films]] [[Category:1966 Western (genre) films]] [[Category:Spaghetti Western films]] [[Category:Films directed by Ferdinando Baldi]] [[Category:Films shot in Almería]] [[Category:Films scored by Antón García Abril]] [[Category:1966 Italian-language films]] [[Category:1960s Italian films]] [[Category:Django films]] [[Category:Italian-language Western (genre) films]] [[Category:Mexican Revolution films]]