{{Short description|Elamite King}} {{Infobox royalty |name=Teumman |succession=King of Elam |image=King Teumman wounded at the Battle of Ulai.jpg |caption=King Teumman wounded at the Battle of Ulai. British Museum. |spouse=|reign=c. 664 – 653 BCE |father= |mother= |predecessor=Urtak |successor=Ummanigash (son of Urtak)<br>Tammaritu (son of Urtak) |dynasty=Humban-Tahrid dynasty ("Neo-Elamite") }} '''Teumman''' was a king of the ancient kingdom of Elam, ruling it from 664 to 653 BCE,<ref name="Potts2015p449">{{cite book|author=D. T. Potts|title=The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ob_bCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT449|date=12 November 2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-58631-0|page=449}}</ref> contemporary with the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal (668 – c. 627). In various sources, the name may be found spelled as '''Te’umman''',<ref name="Potts2015p449" /> '''Teumann''', or '''Te-Umman'''. For a time, "many scholars, beginning with G.G. Cameron," believed him to have been the Tepti-Huban-Inshushinak mentioned in inscriptions, although this view has since fallen from favor.<ref name="Potts2015p449" />
==Succession== Teumman succeeded Urtak.<ref name="Boederman1997p148">{{cite book|author=John Boederman|title=The Cambridge Ancient History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OGBGauNBK8kC&pg=PA148|year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-22717-9|page=148}}</ref> The relationship between Urtak and Teumman is a matter of disagreement. On the one hand, D. T. Potts (2015) refers to Teumann as "apparently unrelated to either Urtak or Hubanhaltash II."<ref name="Potts2015p449" /> Likewise, Boederman's ''Cambridge Ancient History'' refers to the accession of Teumman as a "dynastic upset."<ref name="Boederman1997p148" /> On the other hand, M. Rahim Shayegan claims that "Te'umman seems to have been the brother of two of his royal predecessors (Huban-Haltaš II and Urtak)."<ref name="Shayegan2011">{{cite book|author=M. Rahim Shayegan|title=Arsacids and Sasanians: Political Ideology in Post-Hellenistic and Late Antique Persia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_gcyC8l80MC&pg=PA279|date=15 September 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-76641-8|page=279}}</ref> In any event, upon the accession of Teumman, Urtak's sons escaped to Assyria, after which Teumman unsuccessfully demanded that Assyria return Urtak's sons to his custody.<ref name="Boederman1997p148" />
==Battle of Ulai (653 BCE)== {{main|Battle of Ulai}} Ashurbanipal launched a devastating attack on Elam in 653.<ref name="ArnoldStrawn2016">{{cite book|author1=Bill T. Arnold|author2=Brent A. Strawn|title=The World around the Old Testament: The People and Places of the Ancient Near East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e9xrDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT77|date=15 November 2016|publisher=Baker Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-4934-0574-9|page=77}}</ref> A text, written in 649, among the annals of Ashurbanipal, records Ashurbanipal's justifications for the war and its conclusion. Ashurbanipal's reasons for the war included "Teumman's insolent messages, his boasting, his evil plots, a lunar eclipse that foretold Teumman's downfall, a seizure inflicted on Teumman by the gods as a warning, and Teumman's declaration of war on Asshurbanipal."<ref name="Russell1999p164">{{cite book|author=John Malcolm Russell|title=The Writing on the Wall: Studies in the Architectural Context of Late Assyrian Palace Inscriptions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W9JWPGbAc3cC&pg=PA164|year=1999|publisher=Eisenbrauns|isbn=978-0-931464-95-9|page=164}}</ref> The text records that Ashurbanipal had Teumman beheaded, and that Teumman was replaced as king by Ummanigash.<ref name="Russell1999p164"/>
<gallery> File:Teumman wounded and led by his son, trying to escape from the battlefield at Ulai.jpg|Teumman wounded and led by his son Tammaritu, trying to escape from the battlefield at Ulai.<ref name="CK">{{cite journal|last1=Watanabe|first1=Chikako E.|title=The "Continuous Style" in the Narrative Scheme of Assurbanipal's Reliefs|journal=Iraq|date=2004|volume=66|page=112|doi=10.2307/4200565|jstor=4200565|issn=0021-0889}}</ref> File:Last arrow of King Teuman and his son.jpg|Last arrow of King Teuman and his son Tammaritu.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Maspero|first1=G. (Gaston)|last2=Sayce|first2=A. H. (Archibald Henry)|last3=McClure|first3=M. L.|title=History of Egypt, Chaldea, Syria, Babylonia and Assyria|date=1903|publisher=London : Grolier Society|page=210|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924091767503/cu31924091767503#page/n241/mode/1up}}</ref><ref name="CK"/> File:The beheading of King Teumman of Elam.jpg|The beheading of King Teumman of Elam.<ref name="CK"/> File:Assyrian warrior holding the head of Elamite King Teumman.jpg|Assyrian warrior holding the head of Elamite King Teumman.<ref name="CK"/> File:Assyrian soldiers rushing the head of Teumman to Nineveh.jpg|Assyrian soldiers rushing the head of Teumman to Nineveh.<ref name="CK"/> </gallery>
==Aftermath== [[File:Assyrian Relief of the Banquet of Ashurbanipal From Nineveh Gypsum N Palace British Museum 01.jpg|thumb|center|upright=2|Ashurbanipal and his queen Libbali-sharrat depicted dining in Nineveh. The severed head of Elamite King Teumman is hanging in a tree to the left, and his hand holding a royal wand is fixed in the tree to the right. British Museum.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wall panel; relief British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1856-0909-53 |website=The British Museum |language=en}}</ref>]]
==See also== *List of rulers of Elam
==References== {{reflist}}
Category:7th-century BC deaths Category:7th-century BC monarchs in Asia Category:Elamite kings