Teudopseina

{{Short description|Family of octopuses}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Muensterella_scutellaris_348.jpg | image_caption = Fossil of ''Muensterella scutellaris'' | taxon = Teudopseina | authority = Roger, 1952 | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Toarcian|Campanian}} | subdivision_ranks = Subgroups | subdivision = *{{extinct}}Palaeololignidae *{{extinct}}Trachyteuthididae *{{extinct}}Teudopsidae *{{extinct}}Muensterelloidea **{{extinct}}Muensterellidae **{{extinct}}Patelloctopodidae }}

The '''Teudopseina''' is a clade of stem-octopods that first evolved in the Toarcian,<ref name="fuchsetal2010">Fuchs, Dirk & Weis, Robert. (2010). Taxonomy, morphology and phylogeny of Lower Jurassic teudopseid coleoids (Cephalopoda). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 257. 351-366. {{Doi|10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0083}}.</ref> considered the largest clade of gladius-bearing coleoids in the Mesozoic. Up to five families are known, among which the Trachyteuthidae, ''Trachyteuthis'' in particular, were the most abundant.<ref name="fuchs2010">[http://tolweb.org/Teudopseina/140241 Tree of Life Project: Teudopseina]. ''Tree of Life Web Project''. Retrieved 2022-01-15.</ref>

== Description == The Teudopseina can be united by five primary traits. These are the presence of a gladius, a reduced, spoon-shaped conus, a median field that is distinctly rounded or pointed anteriorly, weakly curved hyperbolar zones, and lateral fields shorter than the hyperbolar zones.<ref name="fuchs2010"/> Members of the superfamily Muensterelloidea are characterized by a spoon-shaped section of the gladius, known as the patella. This is believed to be ancestral to the condition present in modern octopuses.<ref name=":0">Fuchs, D.; Schweigert, G. (2018). "First Middle–Late Jurassic gladius vestiges provide new evidence on the detailed origin of incirrate and cirrate octopuses (Coleoidea)". PalZ. 92 (2): 203–217. {{Doi|10.1007/s12542-017-0399-8}}. S2CID 135245479.</ref>

== Taxonomy == The current consensus is that the Teudopseina forms a stem-group of the Octopoda.<ref name="haas2002">Haas, W. 2002. The evolutionary history of the eight-armed Coleoidea. Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 57: 341-351.</ref><ref name="fuchs2009">"Fuchs, D. 2009. Octobrachia - a diphyletic origin? Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen 10: 182-192."</ref> Certain taxa, such as ''Enchoteuthis'', have sometimes been classified as either relatives of giant squids or vampire squids.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

== References == {{Reflist}}

Category:Mesozoic cephalopods