{{Short description|Genus of spiders}} {{distinguish|tetralemma}}
{{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Tetrablemma | image = Tetrablemma ziyaoensis m.jpg | image_caption = ''T. ziyaoensis'', male | authority = O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873<ref name=WSC_g3268/> | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms = * ''Indonops''<ref>{{cite journal| last=Brignoli| first=P. M.| year=1976| title=On some recent papers about Indian spiders| journal=Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society| volume=3| issue=8| pages=211–213}}</ref> }} '''''Tetrablemma''''' is a widespread genus of armored spiders first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1873.<ref name=opc1873>{{cite journal| last=Pickard-Cambridge| first=O.| year=1873| title=On some new genera and species of Araneida| journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London| volume=41| issue=1| pages=112–129}}</ref> It contains 30 species found in tropical and subtropical regions primarily throughout Asia and Oceania, with one species, ''Tetrablemma rhinoceros'', known from Angola.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Etter |first1=Andres |last2=McAlpine |first2=Clive |last3=Possingham |first3=Hugh |title=Historical Patterns and Drivers of Landscape Change in Colombia Since 1500: A Regionalized Spatial Approach |journal=Annals of the Association of American Geographers |date=5 February 2008 |volume=98 |issue=1 |pages=2–23 |doi=10.1080/00045600701733911 |url=https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4743.1.7 |access-date=7 November 2024|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| last=Lehtinen| first=P. T.| year=1981| title=Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. III. Tetrablemmidae, with a world revision| journal=Acta Zoologica Fennica| volume=162| page=20}}</ref> They are found in leaf litter, soil, and caves.
The genus contains some of the only species of spiders to have just four eyes along with some species of Caponiidae, to which they are not closely related.<ref>{{cite book |author=Shear, William A. | date= 1978 | title=Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Tetrablemmidae and Pacullidae | publisher=American Museum of Natural History | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/208402}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wheeler |first1=Ward C. |last2=Coddington |first2=Jonathan A. |last3=Crowley |first3=Louise M. |last4=Dimitrov |first4=Dimitar |last5=Goloboff |first5=Pablo A. |last6=Griswold |first6=Charles E. |last7=Hormiga |first7=Gustavo |last8=Prendini |first8=Lorenzo |last9=Ramírez |first9=Martín J. |last10=Sierwald |first10=Petra |last11=Almeida-Silva |first11=Lina |last12=Alvarez-Padilla |first12=Fernando |last13=Arnedo |first13=Miquel A. |last14=Benavides Silva |first14=Ligia R. |last15=Benjamin |first15=Suresh P. |last16=Bond |first16=Jason E. |last17=Grismado |first17=Cristian J. |last18=Hasan |first18=Emile |last19=Hedin |first19=Marshal |last20=Izquierdo |first20=Matías A. |last21=Labarque |first21=Facundo M. |last22=Ledford |first22=Joel |last23=Lopardo |first23=Lara |last24=Maddison |first24=Wayne P. |last25=Miller |first25=Jeremy A. |last26=Piacentini |first26=Luis N. |last27=Platnick |first27=Norman I. |last28=Polotow |first28=Daniele |last29=Silva-Dávila |first29=Diana |last30=Scharff |first30=Nikolaj |last31=Szűts |first31=Tamás |last32=Ubick |first32=Darrell |last33=Vink |first33=Cor J. |last34=Wood |first34=Hannah M. |last35=Zhang |first35=Junxia |title=The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling |journal=Cladistics |date=December 2017 |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=574–616 |doi=10.1111/cla.12182 |url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1873.tb00501.x |access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref> The eyes are large and unequal in size, closely grouped around the center of the cephalothorax, with the eye group tending to be set further back in males. The genus contains some variation in eye arrangement, as ''Tetrablemma alaus'', a subterranean species, lacks eyes or any eye spots entirely.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Burger |first1=Matthias |last2=Harvey |first2=Mark S. |last3=Stevens |first3=Nicholas |title=A new species of blind subterranean Tetrablemma (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae) from Australia |journal=Journal of Arachnology |date=April 2010 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=146–149 |doi=10.1636/A09-73.1 |url=https://bioone.org/journals/the-journal-of-arachnology/volume-38/issue-1/A09-73.1/A-new-species-of-blind-subterranean-Tetrablemma-Araneae--Tetrablemmidae/10.1636/A09-73.1.short |access-date=7 November 2024|url-access=subscription }}</ref> They have four closely positioned spinnerets enclosed in a corneous casing.<ref name=opc1873/>
Lehtinen divided the genus into three subgenera in 1981: ''Kumaonia'', ''Indonops'', and ''Tetrablemma'', although this subgeneric arrangement is not always followed by subsequent authors.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Lehtinen| first=P. T.| year=1981| title=Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. III. Tetrablemmidae, with a world revision| journal=Acta Zoologica Fennica| volume=162| page=57}}</ref> ==Species== {{As of|2024|November}}, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:<ref name=WSC_g3268/> {{Div col|colwidth=25em}} *''Tetrablemma alaus'' <small>Burger, Harvey & Stevens, 2010</small> – Australia (Western Australia) *''Tetrablemma alterum'' <small>Roewer, 1963</small> – Micronesia *''Tetrablemma benoiti'' <small>(Brignoli, 1978)</small> – Seychelles *''Tetrablemma brevidens'' <small>Tong & Li, 2008</small> – China *''Tetrablemma brignolii'' <small>Lehtinen, 1981</small> – India *''Tetrablemma deccanense'' <small>(Tikader, 1976)</small> – India *''Tetrablemma extorre'' <small>Shear, 1978</small> – Trinidad *''Tetrablemma gongshan'' <small>Lin, 2021</small> – China *''Tetrablemma helenense'' <small>Benoit, 1977</small> – St. Helena *''Tetrablemma kepense'' <small>Lin, Li & Jäger, 2018</small> – Cambodia *''Tetrablemma loebli'' <small>Bourne, 1980</small> – India *''Tetrablemma magister'' <small>Burger, 2008</small> – Australia (Queensland) *''Tetrablemma manggarai'' <small>Lehtinen, 1981</small> – Indonesia (Flores) *''Tetrablemma marawula'' <small>Lehtinen, 1981</small> – Indonesia (Sulawesi) *''Tetrablemma mardionoi'' <small>Lehtinen, 1981</small> – Indonesia (Sumatra) *''Tetrablemma medioculatum'' <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873</small> (type species) – Sri Lanka *''Tetrablemma menglaense'' <small>Lin & Li, 2014</small> – China *''Tetrablemma mochima'' <small> Martínez, Flórez-Daza & Brescovit, 2020</small> – Venezuela *''Tetrablemma namkhan'' <small>Lin, Li & Jäger, 2012</small> – Laos *''Tetrablemma nandan'' <small>Lin & Li, 2010</small> – China *''Tetrablemma okei'' <small>Butler, 1932</small> – Australia (Victoria) *''Tetrablemma phulchoki'' <small>Lehtinen, 1981</small> – Nepal *''Tetrablemma rhinoceros'' <small>(Brignoli, 1974)</small> – Angola *''Tetrablemma samoense'' <small>Marples, 1964</small> – Samoa *''Tetrablemma sokense'' <small>Lin, Li & Jäger, 2018</small> – Cambodia *''Tetrablemma tatacoa'' <small>Martínez, Flórez-Daza & Brescovit, 2020</small> – Colombia *''Tetrablemma thamin'' <small>Labarque & Grismado, 2009</small> – Myanmar *''Tetrablemma viduum'' <small>(Brignoli, 1974)</small> – Angola *''Tetrablemma vietnamense'' <small>Lehtinen, 1981</small> – Vietnam *''Tetrablemma ziyaoense'' <small>Lin & Li, 2014</small> – China {{Div col end}}
==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=WSC_g3268>{{citation |title=Gen. ''Tetrablemma'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/3268 |access-date=2019-04-13 }}</ref> }}
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Category:Tetrablemmidae Category:Araneomorphae genera Category:Spiders of Asia Category:Spiders of Africa Category:Spiders of the Caribbean
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