{{Infobox person | name = Tenney Frank | image = Tenney Frank.jpg | caption = Portrait of Tenney Frank | education = [[University of Kansas]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Master of Arts|MA]])<br>[[University of Chicago]] ([[PhD]]) | predecessor = | successor = | birth_date = {{birth date|1876|5|19}} | birth_place = [[Clay Center, Kansas]], US | death_date = {{death date and age|1939|4|3|1876|5|19}} | death_place = [[Oxford]], England | alma_mater = | occupation = Ancient historian and classical scholar | spouse = [[Grace Frank]] | children = }} '''Tenney Frank''' (May 19, 1876 – April 3, 1939) was a prominent American [[ancient historian]] and [[classical scholar]]. He studied many aspects of [[Ancient Rome]], for instance its economy, imperialism, demographics and epigraphy.
==Biography== Tenney Frank earned his A.B. at the [[University of Kansas]] in 1898 and his A.M. the following year. Frank went on to receive his Ph.D. at the [[University of Chicago]] in 1903. Frank taught at [[Bryn Mawr College]] as a Professor of Latin from 1904 until 1919, when he moved to the [[Johns Hopkins University]]. At Bryn Mawr Frank wrote and published his influential study ''Roman Imperialism'' in 1914. Frank believed that Rome's [[imperialism]] stemmed from a desire to keep peace in the Mediterranean world by preventing the rise of any rival power.<ref>Hammond, Mason (1948). "Ancient Imperialism: Contemporary Justifications," ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', Vol. 58, pp. 105–16.</ref> Frank's other work focused on classical literature, with articles on [[Cicero]], [[Strabo]], [[Curiatius Maternus]], [[Plautus]], and [[Virgil]], among others. In 1932 he gave the British Academy's [[Henriette Hertz#British Academy bequest|Master-Mind Lecture]], on Cicero.<ref name="Duff2009">{{cite journal|last1=Duff|first1=J. Wight|author-link=John Wight Duff|title=Review: ''Cicero''. By Tenney Frank. Annual Lecture on a Master Mind: Henriette Hertz Trust of the British Academy. (From the ''Proceedings of the British Academy'', Vol. XVIII.) Pp. 26. London: Milford, 1932. Paper, 1s. 6d.|journal=The Classical Review|volume=46|issue=6|year=2009|pages=275|issn=0009-840X|doi=10.1017/S0009840X00060777|s2cid=163557126 }}</ref>
He wrote periodically for the ''American Historical Review'', including a paper on the demise of the various ancient Italian peoples that comprised the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ethnicity in [[Julius Caesar]]'s day. Arguing that Roman expansion brought in masses of foreign peoples and slaves that over time changed the ethnic make-up of the Roman populace and contributed to the empire's ruin.<ref>Frank. Tenney (1916). [https://archive.org/stream/jstor-1835889/1835889#page/n1/mode/2up "Race Mixture in the Roman Empire,"] ''The American Historical Review'', Vol. XXI, No. 4.</ref>
He worked on Latin inscriptions, including the [[stele]] from the [[Forum Romanum]] in Rome,<ref>[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/journals/CP/14/1/Stele_in_the_Forum*.html "On the Stele of the Forum"], ''Classical Philology'', Vol. XIV, No.1 (Jan., 1919), pp. 87‑88.</ref> and on Roman construction and the [[Servian Wall]] of Rome.<ref>[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/journals/AJA/22/2/Servian_Wall*.html "Notes on the Servian Wall"] ''American Journal of Archaeology'', Vol. XXII, No.2 (Apr., 1918), pp. 175‑188.</ref><ref>[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/journals/AJP/45/1/Letters_on_Servian_Wall*.html "The Letters on the Blocks of the Servian Wall"], ''The American Journal of Philology'', Vol. XLV, No.1, (1924), pp. 68‑69.</ref> His work on the Roman [[economy]] was a seminal study of the economy and trade in the Roman world.
Frank was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1927 and the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1935.<ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Tenney+Frank&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-09 |title=Tenney Frank |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/tenney-frank |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref>
He married [[Grace Frank|Grace Edith Mayer]] in 1907. Of Swedish ancestry, Frank was influenced by his agrarian roots. He was also multilingual and had a great facility for languages, including [[North Germanic languages|Scandinavian]] tongues. At Johns Hopkins, Frank trained [[Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton]], with whom he collaborated on his studies of the Roman economy. A bibliography of Frank's work may be found in ''The American Journal of Philology'' 60.3 (1939).<ref>DeWitt, Norman W. “Tenney Frank.” The American Journal of Philology 60, no. 3 (1939): 273–87. https://doi.org/10.2307/291293.</ref>
Frank died on April 3, 1939, in [[Oxford, England]] while serving as a visiting professor at the [[University of Oxford]].<ref>"DR. TENNEY FRANK OF JOHNS HOPKINS" ''The New York Times'' Tuesday, April 4, 1939 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1939/04/04/91560753.html?zoom=16</ref> While in Oxford Frank was reportedly preparing for publication a new work entitled "Rome and Italy of the Empire".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1939/04/04/91560753.html?zoom=16 | title=DR. TENNEY FRANK OF JOHNS HOPKINS; Latin Authority Dies in Oxford While Serving as Eastman Professor in England FIRST CLASSICIST IN POST Scholar Was Preparing Work on 'Rome and Italy of the Empire' for Survey | work=The New York Times }}</ref> This appeared posthumously as Volume 5 of ''An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dH-LAAAAIAAJ | title=Rome and Italy of the empire | last1=Frank | first1=Tenney | date=1940 }}</ref>
==Works== {{wikisource|works=or}} * (1903). ''A Stichometric Scholium to the Medea of Euripides'', The University of Chicago Press. * (1904). ''Attraction of Mood in Early Latin: A Dissertation'', Press of the New Era Printing Company. * (1920). [https://books.google.com/books?id=rngxAQAAMAAJ ''An Economic History of Rome to the End of the Republic''], Johns Hopkins University Press [rev. ed. 1927]. * (1922). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ya9hxwEACAAJ ''Vergil, a Biography''], Henry Holt & Company [Russell & Russell, 1965]. * (1923). [https://books.google.com/books?id=UPEeAAAAMAAJ ''A History of Rome''], Henry Holt & Company. * (1924). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/289026 "Latin Quantitative Speech as Affected by Immigration"]. ''The American Journal of Philology'', Vol. 45, No. 2 (1924), pp. 161–175. * (1924). ''Roman Buildings of the Republic'', American Academy in Rome. * (1928). ''Catullus and Horace'', Henry Holt & Company [Russell & Russell, 1965]. * (1930). ''Life and Literature in the Roman Republic'', Sather Classical Lectures, University of California Press, [https://books.google.com/books?id=98PH4X3FBf4C Sixth Printing], 1971. * (1932). ''Aspects of Social Behavior in Ancient Rome'', Harvard University Press [Cooper Square Publishers, 1969]. * (1933 & 1940). ''An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome'', Johns Hopkins University Press. ** Vol. I: ''Rome and Italy of the Republic''. ** Vol. V: ''Rome and Italy of the Empire''.
'''Other'''
*{{cite wikisource|title=Roman Imperialism|last=Frank|first=Tenney|year=1914}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== * [[Norman H. Baynes|Baynes, Norman H.]] (1943). "The Decline of the Roman Power in Western Europe. Some Modern Explanations," ''Journal of Roman Studies'', Vol. XXXIII. {{doi|10.2307/296623}} * [[Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton|Broughton, T. R. S.]] (1990). “Tenney Frank.” In [[Ward W. Briggs]] and William M. Calder III, (eds.), ''Classical Scholarship. A Biographical Encyclopedia'', Garland Publishing, pp., 68–76. * [[Herbert J. Muller|Muller, Herbert Joseph]] (1952). ''The Uses of the Past'', New American Library. * DeWitt, Norman W. (1939). [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Journals/AJP/60/3/Tenney_Frank*.html "Tenney Frank", ''The American Journal of Philology'', 60(3), pp. 273–287]. * [[Arthur Stanley Pease|Pease, Arthur Stanley]] (1940). "Tenney Frank (1876-1939)," ''Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences'', Vol. 74, No. 6. {{JSTOR|20023372}} * [[Lily Ross Taylor|Taylor, Lily Ross]] (1939). [https://archive.org/stream/brynmawralumnaeb19bryn#page/n201/mode/2up "In Memoriam: Tenney Frank,"] ''Bryn Mawr Alumnæ Bulletin'', Vol. XIX, No. 1.
==External links== {{Commons}} * Tenney Frank at Database of Classical Scholars [https://dbcs.rutgers.edu/all-scholars/8710-frank-tenney] * {{Gutenberg author |id=3769| name=Tenney Frank}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Tenney Frank |sopt=t}} * [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Search/Home?lookfor=%22Frank,%20Tenney,%201876-1939.%22&type=author&inst= Works by Tenney Frank], at [[HathiTrust]] * [https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Search=Search&Query=au:%22Tenney%20Frank%22&wc=on Works by Tenney Frank], at [[JSTOR]] * [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4387944 Professor Tenney Frank on Agriculture in Early Latium] * [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Journals/CP/14/1/Columna_Duilii*.html The Columna Rostrata of C. Duilius] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141217124435/http://www.brynmawr.edu/classics/history/latin.html Bryn Mawr: History of the Latin Department] * [http://www.brynmawr.edu/classics/history/formerfaculty.html Bryn Mawr: Notable Former Faculty] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505052310/http://www.brynmawr.edu/classics/history/formerfaculty.html |date=2016-05-05 }} * [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/journals/home.html Antiquary's Shoebox at LacusCurtius]: several journal articles by Tenney Frank
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Frank, Tenney}} [[Category:20th-century American historians]] [[Category:American classical scholars]] [[Category:1876 births]] [[Category:1939 deaths]] [[Category:People from Clay Center, Kansas]] [[Category:Classical scholars of Bryn Mawr College]] [[Category:Classical scholars of Johns Hopkins University]] [[Category:Scholars of Latin literature]] [[Category:American people of Swedish descent]] [[Category:Bryn Mawr College faculty]] [[Category:Corresponding fellows of the British Academy]] [[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]