{{Short description|Mountain range in the Northern Limestone Alps}} {{Infobox mountain |image_map=Alps location map (Tennengebirge).png |map_caption=Tennen Mountains (in red) within the Alps.<br /><small>The borders of the range according to<br />[[Alpine Club classification of the Eastern Alps]]</small> |image=File:Tennengebirge.JPG |image_caption=Southwest view |country = Austria |state= |parent= |location=[[Northern Limestone Alps]], [[Salzburg (state)|Salzburg]], [[Austria]] |geology= |age= |area_km2= |orogeny= |highest=[[Raucheck]] |elevation_m=2430 |coordinates = |length_km=15 |range_coordinates = {{coord|47|30|N|13|14|E|region:AT_type:mountain|format=dms|display=inline,title}} }} [[File:Aerial image of the Tennen Mountains (view from the south).jpg|thumb|Aerial view of the Tennen Mountains]]
The '''Tennen Mountains'''<ref>Käß, Werner and Behrens, Horst (1992). ''Tracing Technique in Geohydrology'', Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin/Stuttgart, p. 404. {{ISBN|3-443-01013-X}}.</ref><ref>Arnold, Rosemarie and Taylor, Robert (2012). ''Austria'', Baedeker, p. 571. {{ISBN|978-3-8297-6613-5}}.</ref><ref>Bernhard, Thomas (1979). ''Correction'', Knopf, p. 233. {{ISBN|978-0-3944-1141-5}}.</ref><ref>Hammond Atlas of the World, 5th ed., Hammond World Atlas Corp., 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-8437-0967-4}}.</ref><ref>Mutton, Alice Florence Adelaide (1961). ''Central Europe: a regional and human geography'', Longmans.</ref> ({{langx|de|'''Tennengebirge'''}}) is a small, but rugged, mountain range in the [[Northern Limestone Alps]], which lies in front of the [[Eastern Alps]] for its entire length. It is a very heavily [[karst]]ified high plateau, about 60 km² in area, with many caves. The range is located in [[Austria]] in the district of [[Salzburg (state)|Salzburg]] near [[Bischofshofen]].
Some 37 square kilometres of the Tennen plateau are above the 2,000 metre line and that part of the range within the state of Salzburg was turned into a [[nature reserve]] in 1982.
== Extent and neighbouring ranges == The outline of the Tennen range is formed:<ref>[http://www.bergalbum.de/alpeneinteilung_2.htm Alpenvereinseinteilung der Ostalpen]</ref> * in the west by the ''[[Hagen Mountains]]'', a part of the ''[[Berchtesgaden Alps]]'', separated by the [[Salzach]] river. Here, at the northern end of the [[Lueg Pass]], is the narrowest point of the [[Salzachöfen Gorge]] through the Limestone Alps. * in the north and northeast by the River [[Lammer]] as far as the Rußbach stream, which descends from the [[Gschütt Pass]]. Beyond the Lammer is the ''[[Osterhorn Group]] (Salzkammergut Mountains)'' * in the east by the Lammer valley as far as Lungötz, separating it from the ''[[Dachstein Mountains]]'' * in the south it borders on part of the ''[[Salzburg Slate Alps]]'' right of the Salzach (Hochgründeck, [[Roßbrand]]) along the line from Karbach to St. Martin – [[Fritzbach]] – [[Salzach]] to [[Bischofshofen]]
=== Valley settlements === * [[Werfen]] * [[Pfarrwerfen]] * [[Werfenweng]] * [[Sankt Martin am Tennengebirge]] * [[Annaberg-Lungötz]] * [[Abtenau]] * [[Scheffau am Tennengebirge]] * [[Golling an der Salzach|Golling]]
== Summit == [[File:tennengebirge karstflaeche.png|thumb|View of the karst terrain of the Tennen Mountains looking southeast. In the background: the [[Hoher Dachstein]]]]
The highest mountains in the Tennen are [[Raucheck]] ({{Höhe|2430|AT}}) in the west and [[Bleikogel]] ({{Höhe|2412|AT}}) in the east. The highest points all rise on the southern edge of the plateau, which falls away to the north. The most important peaks are: {{colbegin}} * [[Raucheck]] (2,430 m) * Lehnender Stein (2,402 m) * [[Pfaffenleitnkopf]] (2,370 m) * [[Werfener Hochthron]] (2,363 m) * [[Fritzerkogel]] (2,360 m) * [[Streitmandl]] (2,360 m) * Schubbühel (2,334 m) * [[Tiroler Kogel]] (2,324 m) * [[Eiskogel (Tennen Mountains)|Eiskogel]] (2,321 m) * [[Brietkogel]] (2,316 m) * [[Wieselstein (Tennengebirge)|Wieselstein]] (2,300 m) * [[Scheiblingkogel]] (2,290 m) * Hochkogel (2,283 m) * [[Fieberhorn]] (2,278 m) * [[Tauernkogel (Tennengebirge)|Tauernkogel]] (2,247 m) * [[Knallstein (Tennengebirge)|Knallstein]] (2,234 m) * [[Hochkarfelderkopf]] (2,219 m) * [[Breitstein]] (2,161 m) * [[Tagweide]] (2,128 m) * [[Edelweißkogel]] (2,030 m) {{colend}}
== Geology == [[File:Tennengebirge SW.jpg|thumb|330px|The Tennen Mountains from the southwest, on the right the hill zone of Werfen-St.-Martin ''Schuppen'' Zone]] The Tennen is a heavily [[karst]]ified [[massif]], composed mainly of [[Dachstein limestone]] lying on a foundation of [[Ramsau Dolomite]].
Its southern foothills, along the line Lungötz–[[Werfenweng]]–[[Werfen]], belong to an [[imbricate stack|imbricate zone]] (''Schuppenzone''). This zone, made of [[Werfen Formation]] from the [[Lower Triassic]] and middle triadic [[Dolomite (rock)|dolomite]]s ([[Anisian]], [[Ladinian]]), is called the ''Werfen-St.-Martin Schuppen Zone''.<ref>Herbert Weingartner: ''[http://www.geo.sbg.ac.at/Staff/weingartner/Pro_Tourismus/geologie.htm Die geologischen Situation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706085310/http://www.geo.sbg.ac.at/Staff/weingartner/Pro_Tourismus/geologie.htm |date=2011-07-06 }}.'' In: ''Erhaltung, Chancen und Weiterentwicklung des Tourismus zur Sicherung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung in der Region "Südliches Tennengebirge".'' Institut für Geographie und angewandte Geoinformatik, Salzburg (as at: 9 October 2000)</ref>
=== Caves === There are numerous [[caves]] in the Tennen Mountains.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Audra|first1= Philippe|title=Premières observations morphologiques et spéléologiques sur le karst haut-alpin du Tennengebirge (Salzburg, Autriche)|issn=0751-7688|url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/karst_0751-7688_1987_num_9_1_2153 }}</ref> *The most famous is the ''[[Eisriesenwelt]]'' near [[Werfen]], which is about 42 km long and is the largest [[ice cave]] in the world. Its ice section is open to the public as a [[show cave]]. *The best-known caves near valley level are the ''Brunnecker Cave'' on [[Lueg Pass]], the ''Winnerfall Cave'' near Oberscheffau and the ''Trickl Cave'' near [[Abtenau]]. These are active water caves which can become flooded during snowmelt or other periods of high water level. *Another important cave system is the ''Platteneckeis Cave–Berger Cave–Bierloch'' system in the northwest of the mountain block. This system drains towards the Brunnecker Cave, dropping through a height of over 1,000 metres. *Other important caves are the ''Schneeloch'' on the Kuchelbergalm *and the ''[[Eiskogel Cave]]'', which crosses the mountain of the same name on the southern edge of the Tennen
The Tennen Mountains are a preferred research region for the State Cave Research Association in [[Salzburg]]<!--stadt, land?-->, which collects and publishes results of its research. New caves are continually being found, but even old, well-known caves sometimes reveal new secrets.
Knowledge of the caves, and the routes that water takes through them, is important, particularly in terms of future water supply for the population and the protection of water resources.
== Walking and climbing == Being a high plateau, the Tennen has numerous trails for the Alpine hiker. However, walkers need to be aware of the lack of water in the karst terrain and the dangers of getting lost in mist or fog. Alpine experience and a good level of fitness are basic pre-requisites, even though there are many [[mountain hut]]s available. The precipices on the edge of the plateau offer the [[climbing|climber]] a wide scope of climbing options. The faces on the southern edge of the range, especially around the Werfener Hut and above Dr. Heinrich Hackel Hut are very popular due to their easy accessibility. In winter there are various ski touring routes, mainly crossing the plateau, but also extreme ski routes in some places.
=== Huts === {{colbegin}} * [[Anton Proksch House]] (1,590 m) * [[Dr. Friedrich Oedl House]] (1,575 m) * [[Dr. Heinrich Hackel Hut]] (1,530 m) * [[Edelweißer Hut]] (2,350 m) * [[Elmaualm]] (1,520 m) * [[Freilassing Hut]] (1,550 m) * [[Gsengalm Hut]] (1,450 m) * [[Gwechenberg Hut]] (1,365 m) * [[Laufen Hut]] (1,725 m) * [[Leopold Happisch House]] (1,925 m) * [[Mahdegg Alm]] (1,200 m) * [[Rossberghütte]] (1,000 m) * [[Stefan Schatzl Hut]] (1,340 m) * [[Werfen Hut]] (1,970 m) {{colend}}
=== Long distance trails === The [[European walking route E4|''European long-distance trail'' E4]]/''[[North Alpine Way]]'' 01/''[[Via Alpina]]'' (''[[Via Alpina#Violet trail|Violet Trail]]'' Stage A34/35) runs through the southern Tennen, from Lungötz to Werfen via the Dr. Heinrich Hackel Hut.
In addition Salzburg's ''[[Arno Way]]'' runs along the west of the group (Section 6 ''Kalkberge Ost'', Stage 52 Annaberg Laufener Hut and 53 to Abtenau).<ref name="arnoweg 6">{{cite web |publisher=SalzburgerLand |url=http://www.arnoweg.com/6/abschnitt6.html |title=Abschnitt 6 - Kalkberge Ost |work=Der Arnoweg |access-date=14 May 2010 |archive-date=7 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707163142/http://www.arnoweg.com/6/abschnitt6.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== References == {{Reflist}}
== External links == * [http://www.alpenvereinshuetten.at/huettenUebersicht.php?gebirgsgruppeId=54 Mountain huts in the Tennen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501132832/http://www.alpenvereinshuetten.at/huettenUebersicht.php?gebirgsgruppeId=54 |date=2013-05-01 }} * [http://www.uni-salzburg.at/almen/index_sat.html Alpine pastures in the Bavarian-Austrian Limestone Alps|Alpine pastures in the Tennen Mountains]
{{Northern Limestone Alps}} {{Authority control}}
[[Category:Tennen Mountains| ]] [[Category:Mountain ranges of the Alps]] [[Category:Northern Limestone Alps]] [[Category:Mountain ranges of Salzburg (state)]] [[Category:Hallein District]] [[Category:St. Johann im Pongau District]]