Tenja concentration camp

{{Short description|Internment camp run by the Ustaše in Croatia during World War II}} {{Infobox concentration camp | type =  | name = Tenja concentration camp | image = Tenja concentration camp monument 01.jpg | image size = | caption = Memorial between Tenja and Osijek, which was the location of the Tenja concentration camp for Jews in 1942 | alt = | pushpin_map = Croatia | map alt = | map caption = | coordinates = {{Coord|45.52807|18.72160|format=dms|type:landmark_region:HR|display=title}} | other names = | known for = | location = Tenja, Independent State of Croatia (modern-day Croatia) | built by = Jews from Osijek and its surroundings | operated by = Ustaše, Independent State of Croatia{{sfn|Kenrick|2004|p=55|ps=: "... the Ustashe-run concentration camps: Jasenovac, Stara Gradiska, Strug and Tenje."}} | commandant = | original use = Envelope factory ''Mursa Mill'' | construction = | in operation = March 1942 — August 1942{{sfn|Gutman|1995|p=326}} | gas chambers = | prisoner type = Jews | inmates = 3,000 | killed = | liberated by = | notable inmates = | notable books = | website = }} thumb|Monument before reconstruction. The '''Tenja concentration camp''' ({{langx|hr|Koncentracijski logor Tenja}}) was one of 26 concentration camps established in the Independent State of Croatia during World War II.{{sfn|Jacobs|2009|p=158|ps=: "A total of twenty-six concentration camps were established on the territory of NDH, such as Drnje, Kruš cica, Surovo, Bugojno, Bijeljina, Lepoglava, Rogatica, Vlasenica, Tuzla, Tenje, and Pag, but only Jadovno, Jasenovac, and Stara Gradiška were large extermination camps."}} It was located close to village of Tenja near Osijek and operated by Ustaše.

== Establishment == Similar to Terezin camp, the Tenja camp was not a concentration camp in its ordinary meaning of the word because it was planned to become a small settlement inhabited and governed by Jews.{{sfn|Steckel|1973|p=44}} The decision to establish this concentration camp was made in January 1942 by Grand Župan of Baranja, Stjepan Heffer, the military and police headquarters of Baranja and city government who all planned deportation of Osijek Jews to Tenja as the final solution of Jewish question in Osijek and its surroundings.{{sfn|Živaković-Kerže|2006|p=127}}

The building of the settlement was completed in April 1942 with funds collected by Jewish municipality of Osijek Jewish Community.{{sfn|Centar |1984|p=379 |ps=: "Naselje i nastambe u logoru Tenje izgrađene su nastojanjem i sredstvima Židovske općine u Osijeku u travnju 1942. god."}} The camp included a building of the former envelope factory ''Mursa Mill'' used to accommodate very old and ill inmates.{{sfn|Dakina|1994|p=168}}

== Disestablishment == Around 3,000 Jewish inmates were deported from Tenja to Auschwitz and Jasenovac.{{sfn|Sorić|1989|p=137|ps=: "2,000 Sarajevo Jews and about 3,000 from the Tenje camp near Osijek deported to Auschwitz and Jasenovac."}} The first departure of 1,700 inmates was organized on 14 August 1942, second on 18 August and remaining inmates were deported at the end of August, some of them first to Lobor concentration camp and then to Auschwitz.{{sfn|Dakina|1994|p=168}}

== References == {{Reflist|30em}}

== Sources == {{refbegin|20em}} * {{cite book|last=Gutman|first=Israel|title=Encyclopedia of the Holocaust|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpsnAQAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Macmillan Library Reference USA|isbn=978-0-02-864527-8}} * {{cite book|last=Steckel|first=Charles W.|title=Destruction and Survival|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FgRnAAAAMAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Delmar Publishing Company}} * {{cite book|last=Jacobs|first=Steven L.|title=Confronting Genocide: Judaism, Christianity, Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1gwunFdWfNsC&pg=PA158|year=2009|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-3589-1}} * {{cite book|last=Sorić|first=Ante|title=Jews in Yugoslavia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9ltAAAAMAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Muzejski prostor}} * {{cite book|last=Kenrick|first=Donald|title=The Romani World: A Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VogZAQAAIAAJ|year=2004|publisher=University of Hertfordshire Press|isbn=978-1-902806-26-6}} * {{cite book|last=Centar |title=Zbornik Centra za drustvena istrazivanja Slavonije i Baranje|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=apcMAQAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Centar za drustvena istrazivanja Slavonije i Baranje}} * {{cite book|last=Dakina|first=Gojo Riste|title=Genocide Over the Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia: Be Catholic Or Die|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s1c1AAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=Institute of Contemporary History|isbn=9788674030585}} * {{cite book|last=Živaković-Kerže|first=Zlata|title=Stradanja i pamćenja: Holokaust u Osijeku i život koji se nastavlja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6xtAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Židovska općina Osijek|isbn=978-953-6659-24-1}} {{refend}}

== Further reading == * Zlata Živaković-Kerže, (Hrvatski institut za povijest – Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje, Slavonski Brod) OD ŽIDOVSKOG NASELJA U TENJI DO SABIRNOG LOGORA

Category:Concentration camps of the Independent State of Croatia Category:History of Slavonia