{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}} {{Short description|Dutch zoologist (1778–1858)}}{{Infobox scientist | name = Coenraad Jacob Temminck | image = Temminck Coenraad Jacob 1770-1858.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1778|3|31|df=y}} | birth_place = Amsterdam, Dutch Republic | death_date = {{death date and age|1858|1|30|1778|3|31|df=y}} | death_place = Leiden, Netherlands | fields = Zoology | workplaces = National Natural History Museum at Leiden | alma_mater = | notable_students = Hermann Schlegel | known_for = | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = Temminck | influences = | influenced = | awards = }}

'''Coenraad Jacob Temminck''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈkunraː ˈtɕaːkɔp ˈtɛmɪŋk}};{{efn|The first names in isolation are pronounced {{IPA|nl|ˈkunraːt|}} and {{IPA|nl|ˈjaːkɔp|}}.}} 31 March 1778&nbsp;– 30 January 1858) was a Dutch patrician, zoologist and museum director.<ref>Gasso Miracle, M.E. 2008 The significance of Temminck's work on biogeography: Early nineteenth century natural history in Leiden, the Netherlands. Journal of the History of Biology 41(4):677–716</ref>

== Biography == Coenraad Jacob Temminck was born on 31 March 1778 in Amsterdam in the Dutch Republic. From his father, Jacob Temminck, who was treasurer of the Dutch East India Company with links to numerous travellers and collectors, he inherited a large collection of bird specimens. His father was a good friend of Francois Levaillant who also guided Coenraad.

Temminck's ''Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe'' (1815) was the standard work on European birds for many years. He was also the author of ''Histoire naturelle générale des Pigeons et des Gallinacées'' (1813–1817), illustrated by Pauline Knip.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ronsil |first=René |date=1957 |title=MADAME KNIP, NÉE PAULINE DE COURCELLES, ET SON OEUVRE ORNITHOLOGIQUE |url=https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/10.3366/jsbnh.1957.3.4.207 |journal=Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History |language=en |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=207–220 |doi=10.3366/jsbnh.1957.3.4.207 |issn=0037-9778 |via=euppublishing.com|url-access=subscription }}</ref> He wrote ''Nouveau Recueil de Planches coloriées d'Oiseaux'' (1820–1839), and contributed to the mammalian sections of Philipp Franz von Siebold's ''Fauna japonica'' (1844–1850).

Temminck was the first director of the National Museum of Natural History in Leiden, from 1820 until his death in 1858. In 1824, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=1824&year-max=1824&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=6 April 2021|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref> In 1831, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 1836 he became member of the Royal Institute, predecessor of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00003281 |title=Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778–1858) |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |access-date=17 July 2015}}</ref>

== Works == Temminck, in collaboration with Heinrich Kuhl, was the author of descriptions of parrots, including the rosella ''Platycercus icterotis''.<ref name="P.icterotis">{{cite web |title=Species: ''Platycercus'' (''Violania'') ''icterotis'' [complete] |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Platycercus_%28Violania%29_icterotis/complete |website=Australian Faunal Directory |publisher=Department of Energy and Environment |access-date=28 October 2018 |language=en |quote=Taxonomic Decision for Subspecies Arrangement: Condon, H.T. 1975.}}</ref> A tailless mutant of a junglefowl ''Gallus lafayettii'' was described in 1807 by Temminck, which in 1868 the English naturalist Charles Darwin incorrectly denied existed.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi = 10.25226/bboc.v137i4.2017.a3|title = On Temminck's tailless Ceylon Junglefowl, and how Darwin denied their existence|year = 2017|last1 = Grouw|first1 = Hein van|last2 = Dekkers|first2 = Wim|last3 = Rookmaaker|first3 = Kees|journal = Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club|volume = 137|issue = 4|pages = 261–271|s2cid = 135206709|doi-access = free|hdl = 10141/622616|hdl-access = free}}</ref> Another junglefowl, described in 1813 by Temminck as ''Gallus giganteus'' was, he believed, one of six wild ancestral species of domestic fowl; Darwin, however, demonstrated that the latter has a single (monophyletic) origin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=van Grouw|first1=Hein|last2=Dekkers|first2=Wim|date=21 September 2020|title=Temminck's Gallus giganteus; a gigantic obstacle to Darwin's theory of domesticated fowl origin?|journal=Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club|volume=140|issue=3|doi=10.25226/bboc.v140i3.2020.a5|s2cid=221823963|issn=0007-1595|doi-access=free|hdl=10141/622888|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

== Species named after Temminck == A large number of animals were named after Temminck in the 19th century. Among those still in use are:<ref>{{cite web|last1=Grayson|first1=Mike|title=A ZOOLOGICAL "WHO WAS WHO"|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=em9vaGlzdG9yeS5jby51a3xiYXJ0bGV0dF9zb2NpZXR5fGd4OjJlOGUxNjE1MTM5NWJiZDY|website=docs.google.com|access-date=24 December 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20161224201812/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=em9vaGlzdG9yeS5jby51a3xiYXJ0bGV0dF9zb2NpZXR5fGd4OjJlOGUxNjE1MTM5NWJiZDY|archive-date=24 December 2016|pages=14|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Fish ** ''Ancistrus temminckii'' (an armoured suckermouth catfish) ** Dark chub ''Zacco temminckii'' (a carp) ** ''Nipponocypris temminckii'' (a cyprinid) ** Samoan silverside ''Hypoatherina temminckii'' <small>(Bleeker 1854)</small> <ref name = ETYFish88>{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/atheriniformes1/ | title = Order ATHERINIFORMES: Families ATHERINOPSIDAE, ATHERINIDAE and ATHERIONIDAE | access-date= 21 September 2025 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 22 September 2018}}</ref> ** Longsnout pipefish ''Syngnathus temminckii'' <small>Kaup, 1856</small><ref name = ETYFish55>{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/syngnathiformes1/ | title = Order SYNGNATHIFORMES: Families AULOSTOMIDAE, CENTRISCIDAE, FISTULARIIDAE, SOLENOSTOMIDAE and SYNGNATHIDAE | access-date= 22 September 2025 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 22 September 2018}}</ref> ** Oilfish ''Rovetus temminckii'' (synonym) ** Goldribbon soapfish ''Aulacocephalus temminckii'' ** ''Ditrema temminckii'' <small>Bleeker 1853</small> (a surfperch) ** Thread-fin fairy-wrasse ''Cirrhilabrus temminckii'' ** Kissing gourami ''Helostoma temminckii'' <small>Cuvier 1829</small><ref name = ETYFish66>{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/anabantiformes/ | title = Order ANABANTIFORMES: Families ANABANTIDAE, HELOSTOMATIDAE, OSPHRONEMIDAE, AENIGMACHANNIDAE, CHANNIDAE, NANDIDAE, BADIDAE, and PRISTOLEPIDIDAE | access-date= 21 September 2025 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 22 September 2018}}</ref> ** Broadfin shark ''Lamiopsis temminckii'' <small>(J. P. Müller & Henle 1839)</small> ** ''Dictyosoma temminckii'' <small>Bleeker 1853</small><ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/perciformes15/ | title = Order PERCIFORMES (part 15): Suborder COTTOIDEI: Infraorder ZOARCALES: Families ANARHICHADIDAE, NEOZOARCIDAE, EULOPHIDAE, STICHAEIDAE, LUMPENIDAE, OPISTHOCENTRIDAE, PHOLIDAE, PTILICHTHYIDAE, ZAPRORIDAE, CRYPTACANTHODIDAE, CEBIDICHTHYIDAE, SCYTALINIDAE and BATHYMASTERIDAE | access-date= 22 September 2025 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 22 September 2018}}</ref> ** ''Aulacocephalus temminckii'' <small>Bleeker 1855</small><ref name = ETYFish77>{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/perciformes5/ | title = Order PERCIFORMES (part 5): Suborder SERRANOIDEI: Families EPINEPHELIDAE, LIOPROPOMATIDAE and GRAMMISTIDAE | access-date= 21 September 2025 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 22 September 2018}}</ref>

* Reptiles:<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Temminck", p. 263).</ref> ** Alligator snapping turtle ''Macrochelys temminckii'' **''Tytthoscincus temmincki'' (a skink) * Birds: ** Temminck's sunbird ''Aethopyga temminckii'' ** Temminck's stint ''Calidris temminckii'' ** Purple-winged roller ''Coracias temminckii'' ** Cerulean cuckooshrike ''Coracina temminckii'' ** Temminck's courser ''Cursorius temminckii'' ** Temminck's lark ''Eremophila bilopha'' ** Malaysian eared nightjar ''Lyncornis temminckii'' ** Australian logrunner ''Orthonyx temminckii'' ** Temminck's babbler ''Pellorneum pyrrhogenys'' ** Temminck's cormorant ''Phalacrocorax capillatus'' ** Ochre-collared piculet ''Picumnus temminckii'' ** Temminck's fruit dove ''Ptilinopus porphyreus'' ** Temminck's hornbill ''Rhabdotorrhinus exarhatus'' ** Temminck's seedeater ''Sporophila falcirostris'' ** Temminck's tragopan ''Tragopan temminckii'' ** Sulawesi pygmy woodpecker ''Yungipicus temminckii'' ** Javan sunbird subspecies ''Aethopyga mystacalis temminckii'' ** Black sparrowhawk subspecies ''Astur melanoleucus temminckii'' ** Blue whistling thrush subspecies ''Myophonus caeruleus temminckii'' ** Bekisar hybrid "''Gallus temminckii''" (''G. varius'' × ''G. gallus'') * Mammals: ** Temminck's mole ''Mogera wogura'' ** Temminck's flying fox ''Pteropus temminckii'' ** Temminck's tailless fruit bat ''Megaerops ecaudatus'' ** Dwarf dog-faced bat ''Molossops temminckii'' ** Temminck's trident bat ''Aselliscus tricuspidatus'' ** Temminck's mysterious bat ''Nycticeius aenobarbus'' ** Temminck's pangolin ''Smutsia temminckii'' ** Temminck's golden cat ''Catopuma temminckii'' ** Southern right whale ''Hunterus temminckii'' (a synonym) ** Temminck's mouse ''Mus musculoides'' ** Temminck's striped mouse ''Hybomys trivirgatus'' ** Temminck's giant squirrel ''Epixerus ebii'' ** Temminck's flying squirrel ''Petinomys setosus'' ** Temminck's red colobus ''Pilocolobus badius temminckii'' (subspecies)

==Bibliography== {{expand list|date=February 2011}} * ''Catalogue systématique du cabinet d’ornithologie et de la collection de quadrumanes, avec une courte description des oiseaux non-décrits.'' Sepps, Amsterdam 1807. * ''Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés.'' Sepps, Amsterdam 1808–15. * ''Manuel d'ornithologie&nbsp;&nbsp;ou&nbsp;&nbsp;Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe.'' Sepps & Dufour, Amsterdam, Paris 1815–40. * ''Observations sur la classification méthodique des oiseaux et remarques sur l'analyse d'une nouvelle ornithologie élémentaire.'' Dufour, Amsterdam, Paris 1817. * ''Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon.'' Dufour&nbsp;&&nbsp;d'Ocagne, Paris 1821. * ''Atlas des oiseaux d'Europe, pour servir de complément au Manuel d'ornithologie de M. Temminck.'' Belin, Paris 1826–42. * ''Monographies de mammalogie.'' Dufour & d'Ocagne, Paris, Leiden 1827–41. * ''Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux.'' Levrault, Paris 1838. * ''Iconographie ornithologique ou nouveau recueil général de planches peintes d'oiseaux'' Paris, 1845–1849. * ''Coup-d'oeil général sur les possessions néerlandaises dans l'Inde archipélagique.'' Arnz, Leiden 1846–49. * ''Esquisses zoologiques sur la côte de Guiné ... le partie, les mammifères.'' Brill, Leiden 1853. * ''Las Posesiones holandesas en el Archipiélago de la India.'' Manila 1855.

==Taxon described by him== *See :Category:Taxa named by Coenraad Jacob Temminck

==Notes== {{Notelist}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Coenraad Jacob Temminck}} ; Primary works * {{in lang|fr}} ''[http://edb.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/exhibit/b05/b05cont.html Fauna Japonica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026130411/http://edb.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/exhibit/b05/b05cont.html |date=26 October 2014 }}'' (1833) * {{in lang|fr}} ''[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109479 Iconographie ornithologique ou nouveau recueil général de planches peintes d'oiseaux]'' (1845-1849) * {{in lang|fr}} ''[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51377 Esquisses zoologiques sur la côte de Guiné ... le partie, les mammifères]'' (1853)

; Secondary works * {{in lang|de}} Erwin Stresemann, [http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/319192 Analyse von C. J. Temmincks "Catalogue systématique" (1807)], ''Zoologische Mededelingen'' Vol. 31, 1953, p.&nbsp;319–331 * A.J.P. Raat, [http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/317208 Alexander von Humboldt and Coenraad Jacob Temminck], ''Zoologische Bijdragen'', Vol. 21, 1976, p.&nbsp;19–38

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Temminck, Coenraad Jacob}} Category:1778 births Category:1858 deaths Category:Directors of museums in the Netherlands Category:Dutch ornithologists Category:Dutch zoologists Category:Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Category:Scientists from Amsterdam Category:Taxon authorities Category:International members of the American Philosophical Society