{{short description|Low redshift quasar in the constellation Boötes}} {{Infobox galaxy | name = Teacup galaxy | image = [[File:The Teacup Galaxy SDSS 1430.jpg|250px]] | caption = The Teacup Galaxy as seen by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]<br>Credit: [[NASA]], [[ESA]], W. Keel (University of Alabama), and the Galaxy Zoo Team | constellation name = [[Boötes]]<ref name="Chandra press"/> | epoch = [[J2000.0]] | ra = {{RA|14|30|29.868}}<ref name=SIMBAD/> | dist_ly = {{convert|1100|Mly|Mpc|2|lk=on|abbr=on}} | dec = {{DEC|+13|39|11.79}}<ref name=SIMBAD/> | size_v = 0.223[[arcminute|']] × 0.197'<ref name=SIMBAD/> | z = 0.08513<ref name=SIMBAD/> | names = FIRST J143029.9+133912, [[IRAS]] F14281+1352, LEDA 1436754, [[NRAO VLA Sky Survey|NVSS]] J143030+133912, [[Sloan Digital Sky Survey|SDSS]] J1430+1339 }}
The '''Teacup galaxy''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1507b/|title=Hubble view of green filament in Teacup galaxy|last=|website=www.spacetelescope.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> also known as the '''Teacup AGN'''<ref name=SIMBAD>{{cite simbad|title=Teacup AGN|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> or [[Sloan Digital Sky Survey|SDSS]] J1430+1339 is a low [[redshift]] type 2 [[quasar]],<ref name="Martin et al.">{{Cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=Montserrat Villar|last2=Lavers|first2=Antonio Cabrera|last3=Humphrey|first3=Andrew|last4=Silva|first4=Marckelson|last5=Almeida|first5=Cristina Ramos|last6=Piqueras|first6=Javier|last7=Emonts|first7=Bjorn|date=2018-02-21|title=A 100 kpc nebula associated with the "Teacup" fading quasar|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=474|issue=2|pages=2302–2312|doi=10.1093/mnras/stx2911|doi-access=free |arxiv=1711.02529|issn=0035-8711}}</ref> showing an extended loop of ionized gas resembling a handle of a [[teacup]], which was discovered by volunteers of the [[Galaxy Zoo]] project and labeled as a [[Hanny's Voorwerp#Voorwerpjes|Voorwerpje]].<ref name="Galaxy Zoo 1">{{Cite journal|last1=Keel|first1=William C.|last2=Chojnowski|first2=S. Drew|last3=Bennert|first3=Vardha N.|last4=Schawinski|first4=Kevin|last5=Lintott|first5=Chris J.|last6=Lynn|first6=Stuart|last7=Pancoast|first7=Anna|last8=Harris|first8=Chelsea|last9=Nierenberg|first9=A. M.|last10=Sonnenfeld|first10=Alessandro|last11=Proctor|first11=Richard|date=2012-02-11|title=The Galaxy Zoo survey for giant AGN-ionized clouds: past and present black hole accretion events|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|language=en|volume=420|issue=1|pages=878–900|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20101.x|arxiv=1110.6921 |bibcode=2012MNRAS.420..878K |issn=0035-8711|doi-access=free}}</ref>
== Galaxy == The Teacup galaxy is dominated by a [[Bulge (astronomy)|bulge]] and has an asymmetric structure with a shell-like structure and a [[tidal tail]]. The shell and tail are signatures of a recent [[Galaxy merger|merger]] of two galaxies.<ref name="Galaxy Zoo 2">{{Cite journal|last1=Keel|first1=William C.|last2=Maksym|first2=W. Peter|last3=Bennert|first3=Vardha N.|last4=Lintott|first4=Chris J.|last5=Chojnowski|first5=S. Drew|last6=Moiseev|first6=Alexei|last7=Smirnova|first7=Aleksandrina|last8=Schawinski|first8=Kevin|last9=Urry|first9=C. Megan|last10=Evans|first10=Daniel A.|last11=Pancoast|first11=Anna|date=2015-04-14|title=HST Imaging of Fading AGN Candidates I: Host-Galaxy Properties and Origin of the Extended Gas|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=149|issue=5|pages=155|doi=10.1088/0004-6256/149/5/155|arxiv=1408.5159|bibcode=2015AJ....149..155K |s2cid=14855152|issn=1538-3881}}</ref> [[Dust lane]]s in the system are interpreted as a gas-rich merger.<ref name="Harrison et al.">{{Cite journal|last1=Harrison|first1=C. M.|last2=Thomson|first2=A. P.|last3=Alexander|first3=D. M.|last4=Bauer|first4=F. E.|last5=Edge|first5=A. C.|last6=Hogan|first6=M. T.|last7=Mullaney|first7=J. R.|last8=Swinbank|first8=A. M.|date=2015-02-06|title=Storm in a "Teacup": a radio-quiet quasar with ~10kpc radio-emitting bubbles and extreme gas kinematics|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=800|issue=1|pages=45|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/45|arxiv=1410.4198|s2cid=119219986|issn=1538-4357}}</ref> Several candidate [[star cluster]]s were identified in this galaxy with [[Hubble Space Telescope]] images.<ref name="Galaxy Zoo 2" /> Observations with the [[Gran Telescopio Canarias]] showed that the Teacup Galaxy has a giant reservoir of ionized gas extending up to 111 kpc. The optical/radio bubbles seem to be expanding across this intergalactic medium.<ref name="Martin et al."/>
== Active galactic nucleus == Early studies of the Teacup AGN suggested that it is fading,<ref name="Gagne et al.">{{Cite journal|last1=Gagne|first1=J. P.|last2=Crenshaw|first2=D. M.|last3=Kraemer|first3=S. B.|last4=Schmitt|first4=H. R.|last5=Keel|first5=W. C.|last6=Rafter|first6=S.|last7=Fischer|first7=T. C.|last8=Bennert|first8=V. N.|last9=Schawinski|first9=K.|date=2014-08-18|title=Spatially-Resolved Spectra of the "Teacup" AGN: Tracing the History of a Dying Quasar|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=792|issue=1|pages=72|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/72|arxiv=1407.1729|s2cid=34883241|issn=1538-4357}}</ref> although there was no clear evidence.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Keel|first1=William C.|last2=Lintott|first2=Chris J.|last3=Maksym|first3=W. Peter|last4=Bennert|first4=Vardha N.|last5=Chojnowski|first5=S. Drew|last6=Moiseev|first6=Alexei|last7=Smirnova|first7=Aleksandrina|last8=Schawinski|first8=Kevin|last9=Sartori|first9=Lia F.|last10=Urry|first10=C. Megan|last11=Pancoast|first11=Anna|date=2017-02-01|title=Fading AGN Candidates: AGN Histories and Outflow Signatures|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=835|issue=2|pages=256|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/256|arxiv=1612.06006|bibcode=2017ApJ...835..256K |s2cid=106396364|issn=1538-4357 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Observations with [[Very Large Telescope#Instruments|VLT/SINFONI]] showed a [[blueshift]]ed nuclear outflow with a velocity of 1600–1800 km/s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Almeida|first1=Cristina Ramos|last2=López|first2=Javier Piqueras|last3=Villar-Martín|first3=Montserrat|last4=Bessiere|first4=Patricia S.|date=2017-09-01|title=An infrared view of AGN feedback in a type-2 quasar: the case of the Teacup galaxy|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=470|issue=1|pages=964–976|doi=10.1093/mnras/stx1287|doi-access=free |arxiv=1705.07631|issn=0035-8711}}</ref> Observations in [[x-ray]]s with [[Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory|Swift]], [[XMM-Newton]] and [[Chandra X-ray Observatory|Chandra]] revealed a powerful, highly obscured [[active galactic nucleus]]. This new result suggests that the AGN might not require fading. The quasar has dimmed by only a factor of 25 or less over the past 100,000 years.<ref name="Lansbury et al.">{{Cite journal|last1=Lansbury|first1=G. B.|last2=Jarvis|first2=M. E.|last3=Harrison|first3=C. M.|last4=Alexander|first4=D. M.|last5=Del Moro|first5=A.|last6=Edge|first6=A. C.|last7=Mullaney|first7=J. R.|last8=Thomson|first8=A.|date=2018-03-19|title=Storm in a Teacup: X-ray view of an obscured quasar and superbubble|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=856|issue=1|pages=L1|doi=10.3847/2041-8213/aab357|arxiv=1803.00009|bibcode=2018ApJ...856L...1L |s2cid=55431218|issn=2041-8213 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Chandra press">{{Cite web|url=https://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2019/teacup/|title=Chandra :: Photo Album :: SDSS J1430+1339 :: March 14, 2019|website=chandra.harvard.edu|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref>
== Bubbles == {{stack|[[File:VLA-Finds-Unexpected-Storm-at-Galaxys-Core.jpg|thumb|The Teacup Galaxy with images from [[Hubble Space Telescope|Hubble]] (blue) and the [[Very Large Array]] (orange), showing both bubbles]]}} One bubble was discovered by [[Galaxy Zoo]] volunteers in [[Sloan Digital Sky Survey|SDSS]] images as a 5 [[Kiloparsec|kpc]] loop of ionized gas.<ref name="Galaxy Zoo 1"/> The loop is dominated by emission lines, such as [[H-alpha|hydrogen alpha]] and [[doubly ionized oxygen]], which gives the loop seen in SDSS images a [[purple]] color. The emission of [O II] is extremely strong in the Teacup AGN and the quasar [[3C 48]] shows a similar [O II]/Hβ ratio.<ref name="Gagne et al."/>
Follow-up observations with the [[Very Large Array]] showed two 10-12 kpc bubbles, one "eastern bubble", consistent with the loop in [[Visible-light astronomy|optical]] observations and a "western bubble", only visible in [[Radio astronomy|radio]] wavelengths. The study also found a bright emission towards the north-east of the [[Active galactic nucleus|AGN]], which is consistent with high-velocity ionized gas (-740 km/s). The bubbles are either created by small-scale [[Astrophysical jet|radio jets]] or by [[quasar]] winds.<ref name="Harrison et al."/> Observations with [[Chandra X-ray Observatory|Chandra]] revealed a loop in [[x-ray]] emission, consistent with the "eastern bubble". The Chandra data also show evidence for hotter gas within the bubble, which may imply that a wind of material is blowing away from the black hole. Such a wind, which was driven by radiation from the quasar, may have created the bubbles found in the Teacup.<ref name="Lansbury et al." /><ref name="Chandra press" />
The bubbles were observed with [[Multi-unit spectroscopic explorer|VLT/MUSE]], showing that the jet strongly perturbs the host [[interstellar medium]] (ISM). At the edge of the bubble the researchers find a ≤100-150 [[Million years ago|Myr]] young population of stars, which indicates triggered [[star formation]]. This so-called [[positive feedback]] is predicted.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Venturi |first1=G. |last2=Treister |first2=E. |last3=Finlez |first3=C. |last4=D'Ago |first4=G. |last5=Bauer |first5=F. |last6=Harrison |first6=C. M. |last7=Ramos Almeida |first7=C. |last8=Revalski |first8=M. |last9=Ricci |first9=F. |last10=Sartori |first10=L. F. |last11=Girdhar |first11=A. |last12=Keel |first12=W. C. |last13=Tubín |first13=D. |date=October 2023 |title=Complex AGN feedback in the Teacup galaxy. A powerful ionised galactic outflow, jet-ISM interaction, and evidence for AGN-triggered star formation in a giant bubble |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...678A.127V/abstract |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |language=en |volume=678 |pages=A127 |arxiv=2309.02498 |bibcode=2023A&A...678A.127V |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202347375 |hdl=11384/154265 |issn=0004-6361}}</ref> Observations with [[Atacama Large Millimeter Array|ALMA]] found that the radio jet is compressing and accelerating molecular gas. This drives a lateral outflow, perpendicular to the radio jet. This is based on observations of [[carbon monoxide]] (CO) gas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Audibert |first1=A. |last2=Ramos Almeida |first2=C. |last3=García-Burillo |first3=S. |last4=Combes |first4=F. |last5=Bischetti |first5=M. |last6=Meenakshi |first6=M. |last7=Mukherjee |first7=D. |last8=Bicknell |first8=G. |last9=Wagner |first9=A. Y. |date=March 2023 |title=Jet-induced molecular gas excitation and turbulence in the Teacup |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...671L..12A/abstract |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |language=en |volume=671 |pages=L12 |arxiv=2302.13884 |bibcode=2023A&A...671L..12A |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202345964 |issn=0004-6361}}</ref>
==See also== *[[Extended emission-line region]] *[[IC 2497]] *[[Hanny's Voorwerp]] *[[Galaxy Zoo]] *[[Zooniverse]] *[[List of quasars]]
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *[https://blog.galaxyzoo.org/2012/06/14/hubble-spies-the-teacup-and-i-spy-hubble/ Hubble spies the Teacup, and I spy Hubble] blog post from the [[Galaxy Zoo]] website *[https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap150404.html Voorwerpjes in Space] NASA [[Astronomy Picture of the Day]] *[https://public.nrao.edu/news/vla-finds-galaxy-storm/ VLA Finds Unexpected Storm at Galaxy's Core] press-release by [[National Radio Astronomy Observatory|NRAO]] *[https://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2019/teacup/ SDSS J1430+1339: Storm Rages in Cosmic Teacup] photo album by the website of [[Chandra X-ray Observatory|Chandra]]
{{Stars of Boötes}}
[[Category:LEDA objects|1436754]] [[Category:IRAS catalogue objects|F14281+1352]] [[Category:Quasars]] [[Category:Boötes]]