{{short description|Province of Vietnam}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Tây Ninh | type = Province | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = | photo2a = Dau_Tieng_Lake_-_50766650163.png | photo2b = Khuôn_viên_Tòa_Thánh_Tây_Ninh.jpg | position = center | size = 300 | color = #F5F5F5 | border = 0 | color_border = white | text = {{Center|Clockwise from top:{{flatlist| * Black Virgin Mountain * Dầu Tiếng Lake * Tây Ninh Holy See }} }} }} | nickname = Western Security | image_map = Tay Ninh in Viet Nam.svg | map_caption = Location in Vietnam | image_seal = Biểu trưng tỉnh Tây Ninh, Việt Nam.svg | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 8 | coordinates = {{coord|11|20|N|106|10|E|region:VN_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Vietnam}} | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Southeast | subdivision_type2 = Metropolitan area | subdivision_name2 = Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area | seat_type = Capital | seat = Long An ward | leader_party = | leader_title = People's Council Chair | leader_name = Nguyễn Mạnh Hùng | leader_title1 = People's Committee Chair | leader_name1 = Lê Văn Hẳn | leader_title2 = Secretary of Tây Ninh Party Committee | leader_name2 = Nguyễn Văn Quyết | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|access-date=2025-07-24 |title=Nghị quyết số 202/2025/QH15 của Quốc hội về việc sắp xếp đơn vị hành chính cấp tỉnh |url=https://quochoi.vn/tintuc/Pages/tin-hoat-dong-cua-quoc-hoi.aspx?ItemID=94532 |website=quochoi.vn}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 8536.44 | population_total = 3,254,170 | population_as_of = 2025 | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = Demographics | demographics1_title1 = Ethnicities | demographics1_info1 = Vietnamese, Chăm, Khmer, Hoa | demographics_type2 = GDP<ref>{{cite web|url=https://diaockimanh.vn/grdp-cua-tay-ninh-nam-2023-cao-hon-muc-tang-truong-gdp-cua-ca-nuoc/|title=Tay Ninh's GDP in 2023 is higher than the country's GDP growth}}</ref> | demographics2_title1 = Total | demographics2_info1 = VND 108.971 trillion<br/>US$4.572 billion (2023) | blank1_name = HDI (2020) | blank1_info = {{increase}} 0.703<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Development Index by province(*) by Cities, provincies and Year |url=https://www.gso.gov.vn/en/px-web/?pxid=E1438&theme=Health%2C%20Culture%2C%20Sport%20and%20Living%20standard |access-date=September 28, 2024 |website=General Statistics Office of Vietnam}}</ref><br />(36th) | timezone1 = ICT | utc_offset1 = +7 | area_code_type = Calling code | area_code = 66 | iso_code = VN-37 | website = {{URL|www.tayninh.gov.vn/}} }} '''Tây Ninh''' is a province in the Southeast region of Vietnam, with the provincial capital located at Long An ward. It is located between Ho Chi Minh City and Phnom Penh, in Southern Key Economic Zone. Tây Ninh City is 99 km away from Hồ Chí Minh City following National Route 22 and 40 km away from the border with Cambodia to the northwest.<ref name="Báo Đồng Nai">{{cite web | title=Thị xã Tây Ninh sẽ lên thành phố vào năm 2014:Thị xã Tây Ninh sẽ lên thành phố vào năm 2014 | website=Báo Đồng Nai | url=http://baodongnai.com.vn/dongnambo/201212/Thi-xa-Tay-Ninh-se-len-thanh-pho-vao-nam-2014-2205577/ | language=vi | access-date=November 4, 2019}}</ref>
The province has a population of 1,169,165 (in 2019) and an area of {{Convert|4041.65|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="area_2022">{{Cite act|date=18 October 2023|type=Decision|index=3048/QĐ-BTNMT|legislature=Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam)|title=Biểu số 4.5: Hiện trạng sử dụng đất vùng Đông Nam Bộ năm 2022|trans-title=Table 4.5: Current land use status in the Southeast region in 2022|language=vi|url=https://monre.gov.vn/VanBan/Lists/VanBanChiDao/Attachments/3012/b4.5_Signed.pdf}} – the data in the report are in hectares, rounded to integers</ref> Followers of the Cao Dai, who dominate the area, have built a Holy See in Tây Ninh. The region also has concentrations of the Hòa Hảo, a rival Buddhist sect. The area is noted for its large rubber and sugar plantations; rice and coconuts are also harvested.<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica">{{cite web | title=Tay Ninh | website=Encyclopedia Britannica | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tay-Ninh | access-date=November 4, 2019}}</ref>
==History== Because of the once-vaunted political and military power of the Cao Dai, this region was the scene of fighting during the First Indochina War. Tây Ninh province served as a terminus of the Ho Chi Minh trail during the Vietnam War, and in 1969 the Viet Cong captured Tây Ninh town and held it for days. During the period of conflict between Cambodia and Vietnam in the 1970s, the Khmer Rouge launched a number of cross-border raids into Tây Ninh province and committed atrocities against civilians. Cemeteries around Tây Ninh are reminders of these events.<ref name="Planet 2010">{{cite web | last=Planet | first=Lonely | title=History in Tay Ninh, Vietnam | website=Lonely Planet | date=January 1, 2010 | url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/vietnam/tay-ninh/background/history/a/nar/7d2393e3-6f05-438c-96c0-08932873f78c/357857 | access-date=November 4, 2019}}</ref>
On June 12, 2025, the National Assembly passed Resolution No. 202/2025/QH15,<ref name="202/2025/QH15">{{Cite web|url=https://quochoi.vn/tintuc/Pages/tin-hoat-dong-cua-quoc-hoi.aspx?ItemID=94532|title= Nghị quyết số 202/2025/QH15 về việc sắp xếp đơn vị hành chính cấp tỉnh |access-date= 2025-06-12 |website= Cổng thông tin điện tử Quốc hội Việt Nam |language=vi}}</ref> which took effect the same day, merging Long An Province into Tây Ninh Province.
== Administrative divisions == Tây Ninh province is divided into 96 commune-level administrative units, including 14 wards and 82 communes:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vietnam Government Electronic Newspaper |date=2025-08-04 |title=Danh sách 96 xã, phường mới của tỉnh Tây Ninh |url=https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/sap-xep-dvhc-danh-sach-96-xa-phuong-moi-cua-tinh-tay-ninh-11925062308221361.htm |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn |language=vi}}</ref>
* 14 wards: An Tịnh, Bình Minh, Gia Lộc, Gò Dầu, Hòa Thành, Khánh Hậu, Kiến Tường, '''Long An''' (provincial capital), Long Hoa, Ninh Thạnh, Tân An, Tân Ninh, Thanh Điền, Trảng_Bàng. * 82 communes: An Lục Long, An Ninh, Bến Cầu, Bến Lức, Bình Đức, Bình Hiệp, Bình Hòa, Bình Thành, Cần Đước, Cần Giuộc, Cầu Khởi, Châu Thành, Dương Minh Châu, Đông Thành, Đức Hòa, Đức Huệ, Đức Lập, Hảo Đước, Hậu Nghĩa, Hậu Thạnh, Hiệp Hòa, Hòa Hội, Hòa Khánh, Hưng Điền, Hưng Thuận, Khánh Hưng, Long Cang, Long Chữ, Long Hựu, Long Thuận, Lộc Ninh, Lương Hòa, Mộc Hóa, Mỹ An, Mỹ Hạnh, Mỹ Lệ, Mỹ Quý, Mỹ Thạnh, Mỹ Yên, Nhơn Hòa Lập, Nhơn Ninh, Nhựt Tảo, Ninh Điền, Phước Chỉ, Phước Lý, Phước Thạnh, Phước Vinh, Phước Vĩnh Tây, Rạch Kiến, Tân Biên, Tân Châu, Tân Đông, Tân Hòa, Tân Hội, Tân Hưng, Tân Lân, Tân Lập, Tân Long, Tân Phú, Tân Tập, Tân Tây, Tân Thành, Tân Thạnh, Tân Trụ, Tầm Vu, Thạnh Bình, Thạnh Đức, Thạnh Hóa, Thạnh Lợi, Thạnh Phước, Thuận Mỹ, Thủ Thừa, Trà Vong, Truông Mít, Tuyên Bình, Tuyên Thạnh, Vàm Cỏ, Vĩnh Châu, Vĩnh Công, Vĩnh Hưng, Vĩnh Thạnh.
==Climate== {{Further|Tây Ninh#Climate}} {| class="wikitable" |+''Climate data of Tây Ninh Province'' (1953–2019) ! !January !February !March !April !May !June !July !August !September !October !November !December |- |'''Daytime''' |30.5 °C |32.2 °C |34 °C |35 °C |34.6 |33.4 °C |32 °C |32 °C |32 °C |31.7 °C |31.2 °C |31 °C |- |'''Nighttime''' |20.5 °C |21.7 °C |23 °C |24.5 °C |24 °C |24 °C |24.3 °C |24 °C |23.5 °C |22.8 °C |22.4 °C |21.2 °C |- |'''Rainfall''' |13 mm |11 mm |24 mm |104 mm |203 mm |265 mm |257 mm |234 mm |353 mm |314 mm |139 mm |48 mm |} Tây Ninh has a tropical monsoon climate with two seasons: a dry season from December to April and a rainy season from May to November. There are cooler and drier conditions in the dry season and warmer, more humid weather in the rainy season. Daytime temperatures range from 30–34 °C during the wet season and can exceed 38 °C in the dry season, with nighttime temperatures between 23–26 °C. Annual rainfall averages 1800 to 2200 mm. The region is less affected by typhoons from June to August due to its inland location and elevation behind the Trường Sơn Range. This climate is favorable for agricultural activities, including fruit cultivation, industrial crops, medicinal plants, and livestock farming.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tổng Quan Về Tây Ninh |url=https://www.tayninh.gov.vn/Lists/ThongTinGioiThieu/180_.000?ID=180&CategoryId= |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=www.tayninh.gov.vn |language=vi-VN}}</ref>
==Economy== In 2016–18, the province reduced its rice and cassava growing areas and increased the cultivation of high-value fruits, according to the province's Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. The fruits include longan, grapefruit, durian, mango and soursop. During the period, the province's fruit growing area had a growth rate of 9.1% a year, taking the province's total fruit area to 20,212ha by the end of 2018. The province has about 1,300ha of fruits, including soursop, grapefruit, pineapple, banana and dragon fruit, which are grown under VietGAP standards.<ref name="vietnamnews.vn 2016">{{cite web | title=Tây Ninh upgrades irrigation networks to improve agricultural production | website=vietnamnews.vn | date=November 26, 2016 | url=http://vietnamnews.vn/society/506274/tay-ninh-upgrades-irrigation-networks-to-improve-agricultural-production.html | access-date=November 4, 2019}}</ref>
Chairwoman of the National Assembly Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngân lauded Tây Ninh for its efforts in socioeconomic development, with the gross regional domestic product (GRDP) growing 8.5% in 2018 and the provincial competitiveness index ranked 14th out of the 63 cities and provinces, up 5 places from 2017.<ref name="vietnamnews.vn 2016 - grdp">{{cite web | title=Top legislator urges Tây Ninh to utilise potential for growth | website=vietnamnews.vn | date=November 26, 2016 | url=http://vietnamnews.vn/society/523059/top-legislator-urges-tay-ninh-to-utilise-potential-for-growth.html | access-date=November 4, 2019}}</ref> Alongside economic development, the province should pay attention to sustainable environmental protection, especially sewage and forest environment issues. Urging the locality to pay due attention to the fight against smuggling, trade fraud, and counterfeit goods through border gates, Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc stressed the need to combine socioeconomic development with ensuring defense and security in border areas.<ref name="vietnamnews.vn 2016 - economy">{{cite web | title=Tây Ninh should become high-quality agricultural hub: PM | website=vietnamnews.vn | date=November 26, 2016 | url=http://vietnamnews.vn/society/464292/tay-ninh-should-become-high-quality-agricultural-hub-pm.html | access-date=November 4, 2019}}</ref>
Tây Ninh province owns 9 industrial parks included the list of Vietnam industrial zone until 2015 and the vision of 2020, with a total natural land area of 4,485 ha. 5 IPs have been established including: Trang Bang IP (190ha), Linh Trung industrial and processing zone No. III (203ha); Bourbon An Hoa IP (760 ha), Phuoc Đong IP (2,190 ha), Cha La IP – phase I (42 ha), with a total natural land area of 3,385 ha, the industrial land area for lease to construct workshop is 2,162 ha.<ref name="Hương 2013">{{cite web | last=Hương | first=Trần Hoài | title=Economic zones, industrial parks and processing zones of Tay Ninh calling for investment in the period of 2011– 2015 ( Part 2) | website=VIETRADE | date=December 28, 2013 | url=http://en.vietrade.gov.vn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2124:economic-zones-industrial-parks-and-processing-zones-of-tay-ninh-calling-for-investment-in-the-period-of-2011-2015-part-2&catid=272:investment-opportunities&Itemid=250 | access-date=November 4, 2019}}</ref>
In 2019, the Ministry of Transport, the Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee and the Tây Ninh provincial People's Committee held a conference in Ho Chi Minh City on October 26 to sign a coordination plan on the construction of the Ho Chi Minh City-Moc Bai highway. The highway, which is being implemented under a public-private partnership, will connect the city with Moc Bai International Border Gate in the southern province of Tay Ninh.<ref name="Nhan Dan Online 2019">{{cite web | title=Nearly VND10.7 trillion for construction of Ho Chi Minh City – Moc Bai highway | website=Nhan Dan Online | date=November 4, 2019 | url=https://en.nhandan.org.vn/business/item/8059702-nearly-vnd10-7-trillion-for-construction-of-ho-chi-minh-city-moc-bai-highway.html | access-date=November 4, 2019}}</ref> The Moc Bai International Border Gate in Tây Ninh province has international exchanges with Cambodia and Thailand. National Road 22 is the only road linking HCM City with Mộc Bài. A survey conducted in 2017 showed that 39,700 vehicles traveled on the road each day, and that its designed loading capacity was 40,000 per day. Construction of the HCM City-Moc Bai Expressway is slated to be completed by 2025 with at least 4 lanes and expanded to 6 or 8 lanes by 2045.<ref name="Vietnam and Asia Latest News - VietnamPosts.NET - uGroup 2019">{{cite web | title=HCM City seeks investment for HCM City-Mộc Bài Expressway project | website=Vietnam and Asia Latest News – VietnamPosts.NET – uGroup | date=September 13, 2019 | url=https://vietnamposts.com/hi-tech/more-transport/371450.html | access-date=November 4, 2019}}</ref>
== Demographics == thumb|left|Altar of Ba Den Mountain
As of April 1, 2019, the total population of Tây Ninh province was 1,169,165 people, with a population density of 268 people per square kilometer.<ref name="tongcucthongke2011">[http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=387&idmid=3&ItemID=12875 Area, population, and population density in 2011 by locality], General Statistics Office of Vietnam.</ref> The urban population accounted for 207,569 people, representing 17.8% of the province's total population,<ref name="dsthanhthi2011">[http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=387&idmid=3&ItemID=12869 Average urban population by locality], General Statistics Office of Vietnam.</ref> while the rural population was 961,596 people, comprising 82.2% of the population.<ref name="dsnongthong2011">[http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=387&idmid=3&ItemID=12868 Average rural population by locality], General Statistics Office of Vietnam.</ref> There were 584,180 males<ref name="dsnam2011">[http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=387&idmid=3&ItemID=12871 Average male population by locality], General Statistics Office of Vietnam.</ref> and 584,985 females.<ref name="dsnu2011">[http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=387&idmid=3&ItemID=12870 Average female population by locality], General Statistics Office of Vietnam.</ref> The natural population growth rate by locality was 0.92%.<ref name="toptayninh">{{Cite web|title=Tây Ninh|url=https://toptayninh.vn/|website=toptayninh.vn|accessdate=2023-06-28}}</ref><ref name="tangdanso">[http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=387&idmid=3&ItemID=12861 Natural population growth rate by locality], General Statistics Office of Vietnam.</ref>
As of April 1, 2019, Tây Ninh province had 9 different religious affiliations. The largest religious group was Caodaism with 415,920 followers, followed by Catholicism with 45,992 followers, and Buddhism with 38,336 followers. Other religions included Islam with 3,337 followers, Protestantism with 684 followers, Hoa Hao Buddhism with 236 followers, Minh Su Dao with 4 followers, Tinh do cu si Phat hoi Viet Nam with 2 followers, and Baháʼí with 1 follower.<ref name="dstcdtvn">[http://www.gso.gov.vn/Modules/Doc_Download.aspx?DocID=12724 Results of the National Population and Housing Census of Vietnam in 2009], General Statistics Office of Vietnam.</ref>
According to the General Statistics Office of Vietnam, as of April 1, 2009, Tây Ninh province was home to 29 ethnic groups and foreign residents. Among them, the majority were the Kinh (Vietnamese) with 1,050,376 people, followed by the Khmer with 7,578 people, the Cham with 3,250 people, the Xtieng with 1,654 people, and the Hoa (ethnic Chinese) with 2,495 people. The remaining population consisted of other ethnic groups such as the Muong, Thai, Tay, and more.<ref name="dstcdtvn"/>
==Festival== * Black Virgin Mountain Festival (from the 15th to the 18th day of the first lunar month; Via Ba Festival lasting from the 5th to the 6th day of the fifth lunar month)<ref name="Websoft.vn">{{cite web | author=Websoft.vn | title=Festivals in Tay Ninh | website=Vietnamtourism | url=http://www.vitourshanoi.com/en/Vietnam-Frestival/48/Festivals-in-Tay-Ninh | language=vi | access-date=November 4, 2019}}</ref> * Hội Yến Diêu Trì (annually held in Tây Ninh Holy See or ''Cao Dai Holy See'' on the 15th of the eighth lunar month)
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== * [http://www.tayninh.gov.vn/ Official website] * {{commons category-inline|Tay Ninh}} {{authority control}} {{Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area}} {{Geographic location |Centre = Tây Ninh province |North = Tbong Khmum Province, {{flag|Cambodia}} |Northeast = Bình Phước province |East = Bình Dương province |Southeast = Ho Chi Minh City |South = Long An province |Southwest = Svay Rieng Province, {{flag|Cambodia}} |West = Prey Veng Province, {{flag|Cambodia}} |Northwest = }} {{Subdivisions of Vietnam}} {{Tay Ninh Province}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tay Ninh Province}} Category:Provinces of Vietnam Category:Southeast (Vietnam) Category:Tây Ninh province