{{Short description|Incan Kuraka and final cacique of Lima}} {{Infobox person | name = Taulichusco | image = Piedra_basal_andina.JPG | caption = Monument at the [[Pasaje Santa Rosa]] | birth_date = 15th century | birth_place = [[Inca Empire]] | death_date = between 1562 and 1576 | death_place = [[Pueblo Libre District, Lima|Bendita Magdalena de Chacalea]], [[Lima]], [[Viceroyalty of Peru|Peru]], [[Spanish Empire]] | other_names = | occupation = [[Kuraka]] of [[Rímac Valley]] | years_active = }} '''Taulichusco''', also called '''the Elder''' ({{langx|es|El Viejo}}), was an [[Inca]]n ''[[kuraka]]'' who administered part of the [[Rímac Valley]] in the mid-16th century. The '''Stone of Taulichusco''' ({{langx|es|Piedra de Taulichusco}}) monument in his memory lies at the [[Pasaje Santa Rosa]], next to the [[Plaza Mayor, Lima|Plaza Mayor]].
==Biography== Little is known about his origins and history before the arrival of the [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] to its ''[[Kuraka|curacazgo]]''. According to indigenous testimonies collected by the [[Viceroyalty of Peru|viceregal authorities]], Taulichusco was "[[Yanakuna]] and servant of Mama Vilo, wife of [[Huayna Cápac]]."<ref name=Porras>{{Cite book |title=Indagaciones peruanas: El Legado Quechua |last=Porras Barrenechea |first=Raúl |publisher=[[UNMSM]] |year=2005 |chapter=La raíz india de Lima |author-link=Raúl Porras Barrenechea}}</ref> He was an authority imposed by the [[Inca]]s of [[Cuzco]] in the valley.<ref name=Charney>{{Cite book |title=Indian Society in the Valley of Lima, Peru, 1532-1824 |last=Charney |first=Paul |publisher=[[University Press of America]] |year=2001 |isbn=9780761820703 |pages=4–6, 88}}</ref>
His name, derived from [[Quechua languages|Quechua]], is translated as "four peoples" or "partialities" ({{langx|es|cuatro pueblos / parcialidades}}).<ref name=Flores>{{Cite book |title=Lima: símbolos de la Ciudad de los Reyes |last=Flores-Zúñiga |first=Fernando |publisher=[[Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima]] |year=2015 |pages=25–28 |language=es |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1011382586 |volume=1 |oclc=1011382586}}</ref> The historian Carlos Romero asserts that the correct spelling of his name would be Tauri-Chusca.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guzmán-García |first=Carlos Enrique |date=2012-01-01 |title=REDESCUBRIENDO LIMA INCA, Carlos Enrique Guzmán (2012) |url=https://www.academia.edu/50845131 |journal=Redescubriendo Lima Inca}}</ref>
His domain extended across part of the fertile valley of the [[Rímac River]], a place full of [[orchard]]s and [[fruit tree]]s.<ref name=Porras/><ref>{{Cite book |title=Apuntes históricos de una gran ciudad |last=Herrera Cuntti |first=Arístides |publisher=AHC Ediciones |year=2006 |location=Chincha |pages=42 |language=es |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MIRUvCgWjwEC |volume=4|isbn=978-9972-2908-0-0 }}</ref> He commanded an army of 3,000 soldiers.<ref name=Charney/> His residence was located on the site where the [[Casa de Pizarro]] was later built,<ref name=Klarén>{{Cite book |title=Peru: Society and Nationhood in the Andes. p. 39. ISBN |last=Klarén |first=Peter F. |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2000 |isbn=9780195069280 |pages=39 |language=es |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6t0R_UUnX1EC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Las huacas, lugares sagrados de antiguos peruanos, en peligro de extinción |url=http://feeds.univision.com/feeds/article/2012-04-30/las-huacas-lugares-sagrados-de |date=2012-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004115920/http://feeds.univision.com/feeds/article/2012-04-30/las-huacas-lugares-sagrados-de |archive-date=2015-10-04 |work=[[Univision|Univision Noticias]] / [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]}}</ref> the current headquarters of the [[Peruvian government]], a strategic place because it was a control node for the irrigation ditches that distributed water to the orchards in the valley.<ref name=DLPuente>{{Cite book |title=Pueblo Libre: historia, cultura y tradición |last=de la Puente Candamo |first=José Agustín |publisher=[[Universidad Alas Peruanas]] |year=2008 |isbn=9789972210709 |pages=18, 27, 114 |language=es |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ytk43h6njg8C}}</ref>
He was, along with his brother Caxa Paxa,<ref name=Porras/><ref name=Charney/><ref name=Rostworowski>{{Cite book |title=Obras completas: una trayectoria milenaria. Pachacamac y el Señor de los Milagros. Señoríos indígenas de Lima y Canta |last=Rostworowski |first=María |publisher=Instituto de Estudios Peruanos |year=2002 |isbn=9789972510793 |author-link=María Rostworowski |pages=238–239, 252}}</ref> the last indigenous ruler of the area that would later become the [[Lima|City of Kings]].<ref name=Klarén/><ref name=LR2012>{{Cite news |title=Rinden homenaje al último cacique de Lima |url=https://larepublica.pe/tendencias/605052-rinden-homenaje-al-ultimo-cacique-de-lima |date=2012-01-17 |work=[[La República]]}}</ref> His position disappeared with the [[conquest of Peru]] at the hands of the Spanish conquistador [[Francisco Pizarro]] and his hosts.<ref name=RPP2013>{{Cite news |title=Taulichusco "El viejo" en el recuerdo a 478 años de la fundación de Lima |url=https://rpp.pe/lima/actualidad/taulichusco-el-viejo-en-el-recuerdo-a-478-anos-de-la-fundacion-de-lima-noticia-558948 |date=2013-01-17 |work=[[RPP Noticias]]}}</ref> He did not resist the Spanish and received them with hospitality, offering them gifts and food,<ref name=Charney/> he even collaborated with them.<ref name=Rostworowski/><ref name=RPP2013/> At that time, due to his advanced age, he co-governed the territory with his son Guachinamo.<ref name=Porras/><ref name=Rostworowski/> His collaboration is presumed as a form of tactical alliance with the Spanish, who had overthrown the Inca power of the central Peruvian coast.<ref name=Charney/>
His ''curacazgo'' was denatured, the land was used for the construction of the new city, and its inhabitants reduced to ''[[encomienda]]s''.<ref name=Porras/> He went into exile in the town of Chuntay (later the [[St. Sebastian's Church, Lima|parish of San Sebastián]]) and then in [[Pueblo Libre District, Lima|Bendita Magdalena de Chacalea]] (later the historic centre of ''Magdalena Vieja''), where he died between 1562 and 1576.<ref name=Flores/> His grandson, Gonzalo Taulichusco, was chief of the Indian doctrine of ''Santa María Magdalena'', the seed of [[Pueblo Libre District, Lima|Pueblo Libre district]], where the inhabitants of what were the domains of Taulichusco the Elder were gathered.<ref name=DLPuente/>
==Legacy== In 1985, [[Alfonso Barrantes]], then [[mayor of Lima]], inaugurated a monument in his memory in the [[Pasaje Santa Rosa]] of the ''[[Cercado de Lima]]''.<ref name=LR2012/><ref>{{Cite book |title=El odio y el perdón en el Perú, siglos XVI al XXI. |last=Rosas Lauro |first=Claudia |publisher=[[PUCP|Fondo Editorial, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]] |year=2009 |isbn=9789972428999 |pages=251 |language=es |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oUDrAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> The monument consists of a ''wanka'', a 14-ton [[Andes|Andean]] ceremonial stone collected in the Amancaes pampa.
That same year, {{ill|Milner Cajahuaringa|es}}, a painter from [[Huarochirí Province|Huarochirí]], painted a portrait of him in a figurative style.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Milner Cajahuaringa, un rebelde del arte |url=https://larepublica.pe/cultural/1079463-milner-cajahuaringa-un-rebelde-del-arte |date=2017-08-27 |work=[[La República]]}}</ref>
==See also== *[[History of Lima]]
==References== {{reflist}} {{Lima landmarks}}
[[Category:15th-century births]] [[Category:16th-century deaths]] [[Category:Inca Empire people]] [[Category:16th-century Indigenous leaders in the Americas]]