{{Short description|Geological formation}} {{Infobox rockunit | name = Tatrot Formation | image = | caption = | type = Geologic formation | age = Late Miocene to Pliocene {{fossilrange|5.5|2.58}} | period = Pliocene | prilithology = Sandstone | otherlithology = Mudstone | namedfor = Tatrot Village, Pakistan | namedby = | region = Siwalik Hills | country = Pakistan,<br />India | coordinates = | unitof = | subunits = | underlies = Pinjor Formation | overlies = Dhok Pathan Formation | thickness = | extent = | area = | map = {{Location map+ | India | relief = 1 | width = 250 | float = center | places = Saketi Beds {{Location map~ | India | lat_deg = 30.5 | lon_deg = 77.2 | mark = Yellow pog.svg | marksize = 10 }} }} {{Location map+ | Pakistan | relief = 1 | width = 250 | float = center | places = Tatrot Beds {{Location map~ | Pakistan | lat_deg = 33.0 | lon_deg = 73.7 | mark = Yellow pog.svg | marksize = 10 }} }} | map_caption = }}
The '''Tatrot Formation''' is a geological formation in Siwalik Hills of Northern India and Pakistan that date back to Late Miocene to Pliocene epochs.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tatrot Formation |url=https://indplex.geolex.org/formations/Tatrot%20Fm |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=indplex.geolex.org}}</ref>
== Fossil content ==
{{paleobiota-key-compact}}
=== Mammals ===
==== Eulipotypas ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="7" align="center" | Eulipotyphlas from the Tatrot Formation |- !Genus !Species !Location !Stratigraphic position !Material !Notes !Image |- |''Suncus''<ref name=":0" /> |cf. ''S. murinus'' |Saketi Beds | | |A crocidurine soricid. | |- |}
==== Rodents ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="7" align="center" | Rodents from the Tatrot Formation |- !Genus !Species !Location !Stratigraphic position !Material !Notes !Image |- |''Palaeomys''<ref name=":0" /> |sp. |Saketi Beds | | |A castorid. | |- |''Miorhizomys''<ref name=":0" /> |''M. pilgrimi'' |Saketi Beds | | |A rhizomyine spalacid. | |- |rowspan= 3 |''Rhizomyides''<ref name=":0" /> |''R. saketiensis'' |rowspan= 3 |Saketi Beds |rowspan= 3 | |rowspan= 3 | |rowspan= 3 |A rhizomyine spalacids. |rowspan= 3 | |- |''R. punjabiensis'' |- |''R. sivalensis'' |- |rowspan= 2 |''Mus''<ref name=":0" /> |''M. flynni'' |rowspan= 2 |Saketi Beds |rowspan= 2 | |rowspan= 2 | |rowspan= 2 |A murine murid. |rowspan= 2 | |- |''M. jacobsi'' |- |rowspan= 2 |''Hadromys''<ref name=":0" /> |''H. primitivus'' |rowspan= 2 |Saketi Beds |rowspan= 2 | |rowspan= 2 | |rowspan= 2 |A murine murid. |rowspan= 2 | |- |''H. moginandensis'' |- |''Cremnomys''<ref name=":0" /> |cf. ''C. cutchicus'' |Saketi Beds | | |A murine murid. | |- |''Bandicota''<ref name=":0" /> |''B. sivalensis'' |Saketi Bed | | |A murine murid. | |- |rowspan= 2 |''Parapelomys''<ref name=":0" /> |''P. robertsi'' |rowspan= 2 |Saketi Beds |rowspan= 2 | |rowspan= 2 | |rowspan= 2 |A murine murid. |rowspan= 2 | |- |cf. ''P. robertsi'' |- |''Golunda''<ref name=":0" /> |''G. tatroticus'' |Saketi Beds | | |A murine murid. | |- |''Dilatomys''<ref name=":0" /> |''D. moginandensis'' |Saketi Beds | | |A murine murid. | |- |''Protatera''<ref name=":0" /> |cf. ''P. kabulense'' |Saketi Beds | | |A gerbilline murid. |- |''Abudhabia''<ref name=":0" /> |cf. ''A. kabulense'' |Saketi Beds | | |A gerbilline murid. | |- |}
==== Lagomorphs ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="7" align="center" | Lagomorphs from the Tatrot Formation |- !Genus !Species !Location !Stratigraphic position !Material !Notes !Image |- |''Pliosiwalagus''<ref name=":0" /> |''P. whitei'' |Saketi Beds | | |A Leporid. | |}
==== Proboscideans ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="7" align="center" | Proboscideans from the Tatrot Formation |- !Genus !Species !Location !Stratigraphic position !Material !Notes !Image |- |''Pentalophodon''<ref name=":0" /> |''P. khetpuraliensis'' |Saketi Beds | | |A gomphothere. | |- |rowspan= 2 |''Anancus'' |''A.? perimensis'' |rowspan= 2 |Saketi Beds |rowspan= 2 | |rowspan= 2 | |rowspan= 2 |A elephantoid proboscidean. |rowspan= 2 | |- |''A. sivalensis''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kumar |first=S. |year=2026 |title=On the occurrence of ''Anancus sivalensis'' from the Tatrot Formation (Pliocene) of Upper Siwaliks of Indian subcontinent |journal=Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia |volume=28 |issue=3 |article-number=e20250539 |doi=10.4072/rbp.2025.3.0539 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |- |rowspan= 3 |''Stegodon''<ref name=":0" /> |''S. bombifrons'' |Tatrot Beds |rowspan= 3 | |rowspan= 3 | |rowspan= 3 |A stegodontid proboscidean. |rowspan= 3 | |- |''S. insignis''<ref name="Gaur-1984" /> |- |''S.'' sp.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sankhyan |first1=A. R. |last2=Abbas |first2=S. G. |last3=Sehgal |first3=R. K. |title=''Stegodon'' sp. from a new Early Pliocene locality, Jadla Koeri, Una District of Himachal Pradesh, India |year=2025 |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie – Abhandlungen |volume=315 |issue=1 |pages=87–97 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/1267 |bibcode=2025NJGPA.315...87S }}</ref> |Saketi Beds |- |''Elephas''<ref name="Gaur-1984" /> |''E. planifrons'' |Saketi beds | | |A elephantid proboscidean. | |}
==== Feliforms ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="7" align="center" | Feliforms from the Tatrot Formation |- !Genus !Species !Location !Stratigraphic position !Material !Notes !Image |- |''Saketoteron''<ref name=":0" /> |''S. tatroinse'' |Saketi Beds | |Partial Mandibular Ramus. |A nimravine nimravid. | |- |''Metailurus''<ref name=:1>{{cite journal |last1=Jasinski |first1=Steven E. |last2=Abbas |first2=Sayyed Ghyour |last3=Mahmood |first3=Khalid |last4=Babar |first4=Muhammad Adeeb |last5=Khan |first5=Muhammad Akbar |title=New Carnivoran (Mammalia: Carnivora) specimens from the Siwaliks of Pakistan and India and their faunal and evolutionary implications |journal=An International Journal of Paleobiology |volume=35 |issue=11 |pages=2217–2252 |date=2022-10-16 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2138376 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365095742_New_Carnivoran_Mammalia_Carnivora_specimens_from_the_Siwaliks_of_Pakistan_and_India_and_their_faunal_and_evolutionary_implications }}</ref> |cf. ''M. hengduanshanensis'' |Tatrot Beds | | |A machairodontine felid. | |- |''Lycyaena''<ref name=:1 /> |cf. ''L. dubia'' |Tatrot Beds | | |A hyaenid. | |- |}
==== Caniforms ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="7" align="center" | Caniforms from the Tatrot Formation |- !Genus !Species !Location !Stratigraphic position !Material !Notes !Image |- |''Amblonyx''<ref name=:1 /> |''A. barryi'' |Tatrot Beds | | |A lutrine mustelid. | |- |''Enhydriodon''<ref name=:1 /> |''E. falconeri'' |Tatrot Beds, Saketi Beds | | |A enhydriodontin lutrine. | |- |}
==== Perissodactyls ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="7" align="center" | Perissodactyls from the Tatrot Formation |- !Genus !Species !Location !Stratigraphic position !Material !Notes !Image |- |''Subchilotherium''<ref name=":0" /> |''S. intermedium'' |Saketi Beds | | |An aceratheriine rhinocerotid. | |- |''Hipparion''<ref name=":0" /> |''H. antilopinum'' |Saketi Beds | | |An hipparionin equine. | |- |''Cormohipparion''<ref name=":0" /> |''C. theobaldi'' |Saketi Beds | | |An hipparionin equine. | |- |}
==== Artiodactyls ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="7" align="center" | Artiodactyls from the Tatrot Formation |- !Genus !Species !Location !Stratigraphic position !Material !Notes !Image |- |''Antilope''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=M. A. |last2=Akhtar |first2=M. |date=8 February 2014 |title=Antelopes (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Bovidae) from the Upper Siwaliks of Tatrot, Pakistan, with description of a new species |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0031030114010055 |journal=Paleontological Journal |language=en |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=79–89 |doi=10.1134/S0031030114010055 |issn=0031-0301 |access-date=3 June 2025 |via=Springer Nature Link|url-access=subscription }}</ref> |''A. intermedia'' |Tatrot Beds | | |An antilopin antilopine. |- |''Merycopotamus''<ref name=":0" /> |''M. dissimilis'' |Saketi Beds | | |A bothriodontine anthracotheriid. | |- |''Hippohyus''<ref name=":0" /> |''H. tatroti'' |Saketi Beds | | |A hyppohyn suine. | |- |''Proamphibos''<ref name=":0" /> |''P. kashmiricus'' |Saketi Beds, Tatrot Beds | | |A bovin bovine. | |- |''Probison''<ref name=":0" /> |''P. dehumi'' |Saketi Beds | | |A bovin bovine. | |- style="background:#f3e9f3;" |''Camelus'' |''C. sivalensis''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nanda |first=A. C. |date=April 1978 |title=Occurrence of ''Camelus Sivalensis'' Falconer and Cautley from the Tatrot formation of Ambala, India |journal=Journal of Geological Society of India |volume=19 |issue=4 |page=160–164 |doi=10.17491/jgsi/1978/190404 }}</ref> |Saketi beds | |"partial mandibular ramus". |A camelin cameline. May only be restricted to Pinjor Formation.<ref name="Gaur-1984">{{Cite journal |last1=Gaur |first1=R. |last2=Chopra |first2=S. |date=22 March 1984 |title=Taphonomy, fauna, environment and ecology of Upper Siwaliks (Plio-Pleistocene) near Chandigarh, India |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=308 |pages=353–355 |doi=10.1038/308353a0 }}</ref> | |- |Bovini<ref name="Gaur-1984" /> |indet |Saketi beds | | |A bovin bovine. | |- |''Sivatherium''<ref name="Gaur-1984" /> |''S. giganteum'' |Saketi beds | | |A sivatheriin giraffid. | |- |''Potamochoerus''<ref name="Gaur-1984" /> |''P''. sp |Saketi beds | | |A suin suid. | |- |''Leptobos''<ref name="Gaur-1984" /> |''L. falconeri'' |Saketi beds | | |A bovin bovine. | |- |''Hexaprotodon''<ref name="Gaur-1984" /> |''H. sivalensis'' |Saketi beds | | |A hippopotamid. | |}
=== Reptiles ===
==== Crocodilians ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="7" align="center" | Crocodilians from the Tatrot Formation |- !Genus !Species !Location !Stratigraphic position !Material !Notes !Image |- |''Rhamphosuchus'' |''R. crassidens'' |Saketi Beds | | |A gavialine gavialid. | |- |''Gavialis''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Martin|first=J. E. |year=2019 |title=The taxonomic content of the genus ''Gavialis'' from the Siwalik Hills of India and Pakistan |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=483–497 |language=en|doi=10.1002/spp2.1247|bibcode=2019PPal....5..483M |s2cid=134966832 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02123647/file/2019Gavialis.pdf }}</ref> |''G. leptodus'' |Saketi Beds | | | A gavialine gavialid. | |- |}
==== Turtles ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="7" align="center" | Turtles from the Tatrot Formation |- !Genus !Species !Location !Stratigraphic position !Material !Notes !Image |- |''Pangshura''<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Joyce | first1 = Walter G. | last2 = Lyson | first2 = Tyler R. |name-list-style=amp| date = 2010-08-04 | doi = 10.1080/14772019.2010.500879 | pages = 449–458 | title = ''Pangshura tatrotia'', a new species of pond turtle (Testudinoidea) from the Pliocene Siwaliks of Pakistan | journal = Journal of Systematic Palaeontology | volume = 8 | issue = 3| bibcode = 2010JSPal...8..449J | s2cid = 54803213 }}</ref> |''P. tatrotia'' |Tatrot Beds | | |A geoemydine geoemydid. | |- |}
==== Birds ==== {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! colspan="7" align="center" | Birds from the Tatrot Formation |- !Genus !Species !Location !Stratigraphic position !Material !Notes !Image |- |''Pelecanus'' |''P. sivalensis''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stidham|first=T.|last2=Krishna|first2=K.|last3=Singh|first3=B.|last4=Ghosh|first4=A.|last5=Patnaik|first5=R.|year=2014 |title=A Pelican Tarsometatarsus (Aves: Pelecanidae) from the Latest Pliocene Siwaliks of India |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=9 |issue=11 |article-number=e111210 |language=en |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0111210 |doi-access=free |pmc=4218845}}</ref> |Saketi beds | |Tarsometatarsus |A pelecanid. |frameless |- |''Anhinga'' |''A.'' sp.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stidham|first=T.|last2=Patnaik|first2=R.|last3=Krishan|first3=K.|last4=Singh|first4=B.|last5=Ghosh|first5=A.|last6=Singla|first6=A.|last7=Kotla|first7=S. S.|year=2017 |title=The first darter (Aves: Anhingidae) fossils from India (late Pliocene) |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=12 |issue=5 |article-number=e0177129 |language=en |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0177129 |doi-access=free |pmc=5443482}}</ref> |Saketi beds | |Left Tarsometatarsus |A anhingid | |- |}
== References == {{Reflist}}
Category:Pliocene geology