Hopi-Tewa

{{Short description|Tewa Pueblo group in Hopi Reservation in Arizona}} {{redirect|Tamos|the ancient Egyptian|Tamos (Egyptian admiral)}}

{{No footnotes|date=September 2021}} The '''Hopi-Tewa''' (also '''Tano''', '''Southern Tewa''', '''Hano''', '''Thano''', or '''Arizona Tewa''') are a Tewa Pueblo group that resides on the eastern part of the Hopi Reservation on or near First Mesa in northeastern Arizona.

==Synonymy==

The name ''Tano'' is a Spanish borrowing of an older Hopi-Tewa autonym ''tʰáánu tééwa''. ''Tano'' is often encountered in the anthropological literature referring to the ancestors of the Arizona Tewa before they relocated to Hopi territory. The name ''Hano'', similarly, is a borrowing of ''tʰáánu'' into Hopi as ''hááno'', ''háánòwɨ'', which was then Anglicized. ''Hano'' in English also refers to Tewa Village, one of the main Arizona Tewa settlements. Other historical names include ''Tamos'', ''Tamones'', ''Atmues'', ''Tanos'', ''Thanos'', ''Tagnos'', ''Janos''. ''Tewa'' is the preferred autonym (over ''Hano'', ''Tano'', and ''Hopi-Tewa'') because the Tewa language refers to its people as "Tewas."

==History== The Hopi-Tewa are related to the Tewa communities living in the Rio Grande Valley, such as Santa Clara Pueblo and Ohkay Owingeh.

The long contact with Hopi peoples has led to similarities in social structure with their kinship system and their organization to clans being almost identical with the Hopi (the other Tanoan Pueblo groups do not have clans). However, the Tewa dual moiety has been preserved.

==Language==

Many Hopi-Tewa are trilingual in Tewa, Hopi, and English. Some speakers also speak Spanish and/or Navajo. Hopi-Tewa is a variety of the Tewa language of Tanoan family and has been influenced by Hopi (which is an unrelated Uto-Aztecan language). Arizona Tewa and the forms of Rio Grande Tewa in New Mexico are mutually intelligible with difficulty.

What is remarkable about this speech community is that the influence of the Hopi language on Hopi-Tewa is extremely small in terms of vocabulary. Arizona Tewa speakers, although they are trilingual, maintain a strict separation of the languages (see also Code-switching: Example). These attitudes of linguistic purism may be compared with other Tewa speech communities in New Mexico where there has been very little borrowing from Spanish even though the Tewa and Spanish have had long periods of contact and the Tewa were also bilingual in Tewa and Spanish.

Traditionally, the Hopi-Tewa were translators for Hopi leaders and thus also had command of Spanish and Navajo. This contrasts with the Hopi who generally can not speak Tewa (although they may have limited proficiency in Navajo).

==Notable people== * Nakotah LaRance, hoop dancer * Nampeyo, potter * Fannie Nampeyo, potter, daughter of Nampeyo * Elva Nampeyo, potter, granddaughter of Nampeyo * Priscilla Namingha Nampeyo, potter, great-granddaughter of Nampeyo * Joy Navasie, second Frog Woman, potter * Dextra Quotskuyva, potter, great-granddaughter of Nampeyo * Neil David Sr, artist; katsina figure carver

==See also== * Hopi * Hopi Reservation * Pueblo people * Pueblo Revolt * Tewa language

==Bibliography== * {{cite journal | last1 = Dozier | first1 = Edward P. | author-link = Edward Dozier | year = 1951 | title = Resistance to acculturation and assimilation in an Indian pueblo | doi = 10.1525/aa.1951.53.1.02a00060 | journal = American Anthropologist | volume = 53 | issue = 1| pages = 56–66 | doi-access = }} * Dozier, Edward P. (1954). ''The Hopi-Tewa of Arizona''. Berkeley: University of California. * {{cite journal | last1 = Dozier | first1 = Edward P. | year = 1956a | title = Two examples of linguistic acculturation: The Yaqui of Sonora and Arizona and the Tewa of New Mexico | journal = Language | volume = 32 | issue = 1| pages = 146–157 | doi=10.2307/410663| jstor = 410663 }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Dozier | first1 = Edward P. | year = 1956b | title = The role of the Hopi-Tewa migration legend in reinforcing cultural patterns and prescribing social behavior | journal = The Journal of American Folklore | volume = 69 | issue = 272| pages = 176–180 | doi = 10.2307/537276 | jstor = 537276 }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Dozier | first1 = Edward P. | year = 1960 | title = The pueblos of the south-western United States | journal = The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland | volume = 90 | issue = 1| pages = 146–160 | doi = 10.2307/2844222 | jstor = 2844222 }} * Dozier, Edward P. (1966). Hano: A Tewa Indian Community in Arizona. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. * Kroskrity, Paul V. (2000). Language ideologies in the expression and representation of Arizona Tewa identity. In P. V. Kroskrity (Ed.), ''Regimes of language: Ideologies, polities, and identities'' (pp. 329–359). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press. * Stanislawski, Michael B. (1979). Hopi-Tewa. In A. Ortiz (Ed.), ''Southwest'' (pp. 587–602). W. C. Sturtevant (Ed.), Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 9). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

==External links== * Encyclopedia of North American Indians: [http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_031600_pueblolangua.htm Pueblo Languages] * Encyclopedia of North American Indians: [http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_031500_puebloriogra.htm Pueblo, Rio Grande]

Category:Hopi-Tewa Category:Native American tribes in Arizona Category:Native American history of Arizona Tewa Category:Pueblo history Category:Colonial New Mexico Category:1680s in New Spain Category:17th century in New Mexico