{{short description|Turkish-German historian and sociologist (born 1953)}} {{pp-blp|small=yes}} {{pp-move|small=yes}} {{Infobox person | name = Taner Akçam | image = Taner Akçam.PNG | caption = Akçam in Toronto, 2013 | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1953}} | birth_place = Ölçek, Ardahan Province, Turkey | known_for = Discussion of Armenian genocide, 1977 imprisonment | occupation = Historian | alma_mater = Middle East Technical University (BS)<br/>Leibniz University Hannover (PhD) }}
'''Altuğ Taner Akçam''' (born 1953) is a Turkish-German historian<ref name=Clark170608/> and sociologist. During the 1990s, he was the first Turkish scholar to acknowledge the Armenian genocide,{{sfn|Cheterian|2015|pp=140–141}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=de Waal |first1=Thomas |author1-link=Thomas de Waal |title=Great Catastrophe: Armenians and Turks in the Shadow of Genocide |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-935069-8 |page=182}}<br/>{{*}}{{cite journal |last1=Suny |first1=Ronald Grigor |author-link=Ronald Grigor Suny|title=Truth in Telling: Reconciling Realities in the Genocide of the Ottoman Armenians |journal=The American Historical Review |date=2009 |volume=114 |issue=4 |page=938|doi=10.1086/ahr.114.4.930|doi-access=free}}</ref> and has written several books on the genocide, such as ''A Shameful Act'' (1999), ''From Empire to Republic: Turkish Nationalism and the Armenian Genocide'' (2004), ''The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity'' (2012), and ''Killing Orders'' (2018). He is recognized as a "leading international authority" on the subject.<ref name="splcenter.org">David Holthouse, ''Southern Poverty Law Center'', [http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=935 State of Denial: Turkey Spends Millions to Cover Up Armenian Genocide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100120144925/http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=935 |date=2010-01-20 }} Intelligence Report, Summer 2008</ref> Akçam's frequent participation in public debates on the legacy of the genocide have been compared to Theodor Adorno's role in postwar Germany.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Erbal |first1=Ayda |title=The Armenian Genocide, AKA the Elephant in the Room |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |date=2015 |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=783–790 |doi=10.1017/S0020743815000987 |s2cid=162834123 |quote=Taner Akc¸am, for example, is a regular press contributor on a number of issues including but not limited to facing history. Although it is very difficult to assess their reach, we can safely say that, unfortunately, their popular writings are more widely read on a day-to-day basis than their academic work. In a way, this is reminiscent of Adorno’s radio programs on dealing with the Past and his written contributions to [German newspapers]...}}</ref>
Akçam argues for an attempt to reconcile the differing Armenian and Turkish narratives of the genocide, and to move away from the behaviour which uses those narratives to support national stereotypes, saying: "We have to re-think the problem and place both societies in the centre of our analysis. This change of paradigm should focus on creating a new cultural space that includes both societies, a space in which both sides have the chance to learn from each other."<ref>Akcam, 2004, p. 262.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gariwo.net/eng_new/giusti/giusto.php?cod=164&categoria=163&sopra=158&sotto=163|title=Gariwo: the gardens of the Righteous > Taner Akcam - 1953 [biography]|work=gariwo.net|access-date=2009-06-23|archive-date=2012-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220072034/http://www.gariwo.net/eng_new/giusti/giusto.php?cod=164&categoria=163&sopra=158&sotto=163|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Early life ==
Akçam was born in Ölçek village near Ardahan, Turkey to Dursun and Perihan Akçam.<ref>Şişli State Head Prosecutor, [http://www.chgs.umn.edu/histories/turkishArmenian/suspectStatement.pdf Suspect’s Statement Form] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015211308/http://chgs.umn.edu/histories/turkishArmenian/suspectStatement.pdf |date=2014-10-15 }}. Investigation № 2006/49047.</ref> His family are of Turkish Meskhetian origin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hofmann |first1=Tessa |author1-link=Tessa Hofmann |title=Open Wounds: Armenians, Turks, and a Century of Genocide by Vicken Cheterian |journal=Histoire sociale/Social history |date=2016 |volume=49 |issue=100 |pages=662–664 |doi=10.1353/his.2016.0046 |s2cid=152278362 |quote=Regrettably, Cheterian does not fully reveal what made Zarakolu and Akςam exceptional challengers of taboos and groundbreakers against all ideological and generational odds. Maybe the reason why is that there is a familial tradition of rescuing victims, as in the case of Zarakolu? Or, perhaps belonging to an ethnic minority that experienced state persecution before, as in the case of Akςam whose background was Meskhetian?}}</ref><ref>{{citation|year=2010|title=Taner Akçam'la "soykırım" üzerine|url=http://bizimanadolu.com/archives/haber/haber357.htm|publisher=Bizim Anadolu|quote=(Gülerek) Herkes etnik kökenine bakıyor. Vallahi ben çok safkan bir Türküm. Ahıska Türkleri derler bize Kars'ta. Ve, bizim sülalemizden birilerinin Ermeni çeteleri tarafından öldürülmüş olabileceği ihtimali de oldukça kuvvetli. Ama bu tür şeyler benim için hiç önemli değil. Ben sonuçta bir akademisyenim ve bilim adamı olarak konuyu araştırıyorum.|access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref> Akçam has stated that he was raised in "a very secular family," with his father being an atheist.<ref>[http://www.lawandpolitics.com/minnesota/Is-It-Still-Genocide-if-Your-Allies-Did-It/cef7381e-fe46-102a-aeb9-000e0c6dcf76.html Is It Still Genocide if Your Allies Did It?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121103949/http://www.lawandpolitics.com/minnesota/Is-It-Still-Genocide-if-Your-Allies-Did-It/cef7381e-fe46-102a-aeb9-000e0c6dcf76.html |date=2022-01-21 }}, lawandpolitics.com.</ref> He studied economics at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, and graduated in 1976. In <!-- on December 4, --> 1974, Akçam was arrested for participating in student protests against the Turkish invasion of Cyprus.<ref name=times180808/> <!-- On July 28, --> In 1975 he was arrested for distributing leaflets and placing posters around the city. (Akçam notes that "one had to obtain permission from what is now called the Security General Directorate's Special Inspection Branch Directorate for the Associations, and that even with a special permit in hand, one could be arbitrarily arrested and apprehended at police headquarters for 3–5 days."<ref name=holdwater/>)
On March 9, 1976, soon after graduating from university, while a graduate student at the same department, he was arrested for his involvement in producing a student journal that focused on the treatment of Kurds in Turkey.<ref name=schilling/><ref name=montreal/> ''Devrimci Gençlik'' (Revolutionary Youth)<ref name=devrim76/><ref name=iletisim/><ref name=stthom/><ref name=CSUFresno/><ref name=Mershon/> was the journal of a radical leftist organization,<ref name=CDI08/><ref name=Munro90/><ref name=Kemal06/> ''Devrimci Yol'' ("Revolutionary Path").<ref name=Karpat1975/> Akçam explained that he accepted the editorship position, aged 22, as none of his peers would, knowing that it could land him in jail.<ref name=dundar/> His fears materialized when he received a nine-year sentence in early <!-- on January 17, --> 1977, which resulted in Amnesty International naming him as a prisoner of conscience.<ref name=montreal/> He served for a year before escaping from Ankara Central Prison on March 12, 1977,<ref name=schilling/><ref name=iletisim/><ref name=dundar/> using the leg of an iron stove to dig a hole.<ref name=NewYorker08/> He received political asylum from West Germany in 1978, where he obtained citizenship and resided until obtaining his doctorate degree in 1995.<ref name=schilling/><ref name=montreal/><ref name=latimes/><ref name=harvard/>
==Academic career== In August 1988, Akçam began work as a research scientist at the Hamburg Institute for Social Research following an invitation from Iranian scholar Hadi Ressesade.{{sfn|Cheterian|2015|pp=139–140}}<ref>[http://www.his-online.de/cms.asp?IDN=266&ModeMA=4&Plugin=12&ID=74&sprache=de Taner Akçam, Dr. phil.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927193935/http://www.his-online.de/cms.asp?IDN=266&ModeMA=4&Plugin=12&ID=74&sprache=de |date=2007-09-27 }}, Hamburg Institute for Social Research {{in lang|de}}</ref><ref name=Hamburg/> Ressesade, who was studying torture in Iran, proposed that Akçam could do a study on torture in Turkey.{{sfn|Cheterian|2015|pp=139–140}} Akçam decided to study Armenians after meeting a German librarian of Lebanese-Armenian origin, who urged him to do so.{{sfn|Cheterian|2015|p=140}} In 1991, he organized a workshop on the Ottoman Military Tribunal that judged the crimes of the Armenian genocide.{{sfn|Cheterian|2015|pp=140–141}} He later recalled, "As I progressed in my readings of Abdul Hamid's massacres, I thought to myself: I know the history of the French Revolution, of Russia in 1917, of Chinese Communism, but I do not know Turkish history."{{sfn|Cheterian|2015|p=141}} Akçam was initially reluctant to use the word "genocide" for anti-Armenian violence, because "by qualifying it a genocide you become a member of a collective associated to a crime, not any crime but to the ultimate crime".{{sfn|Cheterian|2015|p=142}} He received his PhD from Leibniz University Hannover with a dissertation titled, ''Turkish Nationalism and the Armenian Genocide: On the Background of the Military Tribunals in Istanbul between 1919 and 1922''.<ref name=clark/>{{sfn|Cheterian|2015|p=142}}
Akçam is a former student of fellow genocide scholar, Vahakn Dadrian.<ref name=dadrian/> In 1997, a Dutch documentary titled "Een Muur van Stilte" (A Wall of Silence), written and directed by Dorothée Forma of the Humanist Broadcasting Foundation ({{langx|nl|Humanistische Omroep Stichting}}),<ref name=omroep/><ref>{{IMDb name|2546086|Dorothée Forma}}</ref> was made about their academic relationship.<!-- Akcam's own wording --><ref name=omroep2/>
Akçam was Visiting Associate Professor of History at the University of Minnesota, United States before joining Clark University's Strassler Family Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies.<ref name=Clark170608/>
After the assassination of Hrant Dink in 2007, Akçam attended Dink's funeral in Istanbul. According to the ''Intelligence Report'', the journal of the Southern Poverty Law Center,
<blockquote>Dink's friend and ideological ally Taner Akçam, a distinguished Turkish historian and sociologist on the faculty of the University of Minnesota's Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, attended Dink's funeral in Turkey, despite the considerable risk to his own life. Akçam, a leading international authority on the Armenian genocide, was marked for death by Turkish ultranationalists following the November 2006 publication of his book ''A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and The Question of Turkish Responsibility''. The book is a definitive history based in large part on official documents from Turkish government archives.<ref name="splcenter.org"/></blockquote>
In 2008, when Akçam's appointment as the chairman of Armenian genocide studies at Clark University was questioned by local Turks as biased, Deborah Dwork, director of the Strassler Family Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies at Clark, said that "ethnic or religious identity is not crucial to any appointment," and that "they hire the best scholars in the pool".<ref>{{cite news | url = http://archive.boston.com/news/local/articles/2008/05/29/turkish_historian_to_study_genocide/ | access-date = 2008-12-31 | title = Turkish historian to study genocide | work = The Boston Globe | first = David | last = Abel | date = 2008-05-29 }}</ref>
On 29 January 2020, French President Emmanuel Macron awarded Akçam the medal for courage for "denouncing denial" of the Armenian genocide.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lapresse.ca/international/europe/202001/29/01-5258808-macron-felicite-un-historien-turc-auteur-dun-livre-sur-le-genocide-armenien.php|title=Macron félicite un historien turc auteur d'un livre sur le génocide arménien|newspaper=La Presse|language=fr|date=29 January 2020}}</ref>
== Legal disputes ==
In January 2007, the Turkish government officially launched an investigation against Akçam regarding an October 6, 2006, newspaper column in the Turkish-Armenian journal ''Agos''.<ref>{{cite news | work = Agos | date = 2006-10-06 | first = Taner | last = Akçam | title = Hrant Dink, 301 ve bir suç duyurusu }} ([http://www.aga-online.org/downloads/de/news/attachments/TanerAkcam_HrantDink_301_Criminal_Complaint.pdf Hrant Dink, 301, and a criminal complaint] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305151115/http://www.aga-online.org/downloads/de/news/attachments/TanerAkcam_HrantDink_301_Criminal_Complaint.pdf |date=2009-03-05 }})</ref> In it Akçam criticized the prosecution of ''Agos'' managing editor Hrant Dink for using the term "genocide", regarding the Armenian genocide. The use of the term was construed by the prosecutor's office as the criminal offense of "insulting Turkishness" under Article 301 of Turkey's penal code.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chronicle.com/news/index.php?id=2774 |first=Aisha |last=Labi |access-date=2008-05-16 |title=Turkish Scholar Sues to Overturn Law on 'Denigrating Turkishness' |work=Chronicle of Higher Education |date=2008-05-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181456/http://chronicle.com/news/index.php?id=2774 |archive-date=September 30, 2007 }}</ref> Highlighting the term "genocide", Akçam declared himself an accessory to the charges against Hrant Dink, and urged readers to join in Dink's support. Later in January 2007 an Istanbul court decided not to pursue the charges against Akçam.<ref>{{cite news | title = Turkish historian cleared of charges for declaring 'genocide' | url = http://www.thenewanatolian.com/tna-25027.html | date = 2007-04-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070503015749/http://www.thenewanatolian.com/tna-25027.html | archive-date=2007-05-03 | work = New Anatolian }}<!-- http://www.aina.org/news/2007040291924.htm --></ref>
Akçam faced harassment after discovering the identity of the creator of the Web site ''Tall Armenian Tale'',<ref name=holdwater/><ref>{{cite news | url = http://eski.bianet.org/2006/11/01_eng/news100839.htm | access-date = 2008-07-01 | first = Emine | last = Ozcan | title = Akçam: I Have Never Been So Scared | date = 2007-09-04 | work = bianet | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110725070936/http://eski.bianet.org/2006/11/01_eng/news100839.htm | archive-date = 2011-07-25 }}</ref><ref name=juancole/> which had called Akçam a "turncoat" and posted his personal information.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.tallarmeniantale.com/TURKISH-SCHOLARS.htm | access-date = 2008-09-03 | title = Turkish Scholars | work = Tall Armenian Tale | quote = It makes sense, then, to understand why Turncoat Turks like Taner Akcam...}}</ref> Fearing reprisals after the assassination of Hrant Dink, Akçam entreated the Coordination Council of Armenian Organisations in France and president Sarkozy to pressure Ankara to protect him.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2007/07/28/haber,F2F1D8785325420EB3A514D0FB7611F4.html | access-date = 2008-09-03 | title = 'Akçam, Hrant Dink olmasın' kampanyası | date = 2007-07-27 | work = Sabah | language = tr}}</ref>
On February 16, 2007 Akçam was detained in Canada at the airport in Montreal for nearly four hours after arriving on a flight from the United States.<ref name=fisk/> He was due to give a lecture at the invitation of the McGill University Faculty of Law and Concordia University. In explaining his detention, Taner Akçam says that Canadian authorities referred to an inaccurate version of his biography on Wikipedia from around December 24, 2006, which called him a terrorist.<ref name=fisk/><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cbc.ca/news2/background/tech/wikipedia2.html | access-date = 2020-04-10 | work = CBC News | series=In Depth: Technology | date = 2007-06-22 | title = A question of authority | first = Paul | last = Jay}}</ref>
On February 18, 2007 he was also detained at the US border and has been so far unable to find out the reason for his being detained there.<ref name=fisk>{{cite news|title=Caught in the deadly web of the Internet |first=Robert |last=Fisk |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/world/fisk/article2469270.ece |date=2007-04-21 |access-date=2008-05-16 |work=The Independent |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514191652/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/fisk/article2469270.ece#2007-04-21T00:00:10-00:00 |archive-date=May 14, 2007 }}</ref> While on a lecture tour in 2007 he faced further harassment by persons turning up and disrupting his speaking engagements.<ref name=juancole>{{cite web | url = http://www.juancole.com/2007/04/detained-in-two-worlds-taner-akam-story.html | title = Detained in Two Worlds: The Taner Akçam Story | access-date = 2008-05-16 | work = Informed Comment | first = Juan | last = Cole | date = 2007-04-14 }} Contains Akçam's essay, "[http://www.zmag.org/znet/viewArticle/1761 The Circle Closes In: A shameful campaign] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407064317/http://www.zmag.org/znet/viewArticle/1761 |date=2009-04-07 }}", dated March 17, 2007.</ref> The Wikipedia biography was altered as part of an internet campaign against him by the website "Tall Armenian Tale".<ref>{{harvnb|Cheterian|2015|p=156}}. "He was also subject to an internet campaign launched by ‘Holdwater’, the webmaster of a website—‘Tall Armenian Tale’— that sought to deny the crimes of the Ottoman authorities, and which launched vitriolic attacks against scholars and public figures who dared to challenge the official Turkish narrative on the extermination of the Armenians. This campaign continued for three years, with Akçam being called a ‘terrorist’ on YouTube and Wikipedia. In February 2007, while travelling to Canada, Akçam was detained on the basis of the false allegations Holdwater had levelled against him. When Akçam ultimately revealed Holdwater’s true identity, he instead became subject to a more conventional smear campaign in the Turkish media."</ref>
In October 2011, Akçam won a judgment in the European Court of Human Rights, which ruled that the Turkish laws against "denigrating Turkishness" were a violation of freedom of expression.<ref>[http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-107206 ECtHR judgment of 25/10/2011 on application No. 27520/07] Para. 92, 93, 95</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.internationalpublishers.org/images/pdf/freedom-to-publish/knowledge-bank/2012/pr-010712-ragip-zarakolu.pdf|title=Freedom to Publish Trial Opens in Turkey. IPA Observers Call for Call for Acquittal of Publisher Ragıp Zarakolu|publisher=International Publishers Association|year=2012|archive-date=2021-05-07|access-date=2020-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507170124/https://www.internationalpublishers.org/images/pdf/freedom-to-publish/knowledge-bank/2012/pr-010712-ragip-zarakolu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Bibliography == * ''Killing Orders: Talat Pasha’s Telegrams and the Armenian Genocide'' (2018) *{{cite book |last1=Akçam |first1=Taner|author1link=Taner Akçam |last2=Kurt |first2=Ümit |author2-link=Ümit Kurt (historian) |title=The Spirit of the Laws: The Plunder of Wealth in the Armenian Genocide |date=November 1, 2017|publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-1-78238-624-7 |language=en}} * Taner Akçam (2012) ''The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire'', Princeton University Press {{ISBN|978-069-11-5333-9}} * {{cite book | first = Taner | last = Akçam|title = Ermeni Meselesi Hallolunmuştur|publisher = İletişim|date=January 2008 | isbn = 978-975-05-0562-1 | language = tr }} (The Armenian Issue is Resolved)<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.radikal.com.tr/ek_haber.php?ek=ktp&haberno=7260 | access-date = 2008-07-12 | work = Radikal | title = Amaç Ermenileri yok etmekti | date = 2008-01-25 | first = Efnan | last = Atmaca | language = tr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reporter.am/pdfs/A0216.pdf|title=The objective was to get rid of all Armenians (English translation)|work=The Armenian Reporter|page=A3|date=February 16, 2008|access-date=July 12, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305151116/http://www.reporter.am/pdfs/A0216.pdf|archive-date=March 5, 2009}}</ref> * Taner Akçam (May 16, 2006) ''A Shameful Act : The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility'', Metropolitan Books {{ISBN|0-8050-7932-7}} (received the 2007 Minnesota Book Award for General Nonfiction.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thefriends.org/mnbookawards.html | publisher = Friends of the Saint Paul Public Library | access-date = 2008-05-16 | title = Minnesota Book Awards |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080501080354/http://www.thefriends.org/mnbookawards.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2008-05-01}}</ref>) * Taner Akçam (Sep. 4, 2004) ''From Empire to Republic : Turkish Nationalism and the Armenian Genocide'', Zed Books {{ISBN|1-84277-527-8}} * ''Dialogue across an international divide: Essays towards a Turkish-Armenian dialogue'', Zoryan Institute, 2001, {{ISBN|1-895485-03-7}}; - [http://www.zoryaninstitute.org/Books/book_dialogue.htm About the book and foreword] * {{in lang|tr}} ''İnsan hakları ve Ermeni sorunu: İttihat ve Terakki'den Kurtuluş Savaşı'na'', İmge Kitabevi, 1. edition, 1999, {{ISBN|975-533-246-4}} * ''Rethinking Modernity and National Identity in Turkey'', Publications on the Near East, University of Washington, Sibel Bozdogan (Editor), University of Washington Press, July, 1997, {{ISBN|0-295-97597-0}} * {{in lang|de}} ''Armenien und der Völkermord: Die Istanbuler Prozesse und die türkische Nationalbewegung'', Hamburger Edition, 1. edition, 1996, {{ISBN|3-930908-26-3}} * {{in lang|tr}} ''Siyasi kültürümüzde zulüm ve işkence (Araştırma-inceleme dizisi)'', İletişim Yayıncılık, 1. edition, 1992, {{ISBN|975-470-249-7}}
== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs= <ref name="times180808">{{cite news | url = http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/non-fiction/article2277131.ece | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064346/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/non-fiction/article2277131.ece | url-status = dead | archive-date = June 15, 2011 | access-date = 2008-08-18 | title = Non-fiction book reviews: History that dares to speak its name| work = Times Online | date = 2007-08-18 | first = Giles | last = Whittell | quote = ...a 1974 arrest for protesting at Turkey's invasion of northern Cyprus...}}</ref> <ref name="devrim76">{{cite journal | url = http://www.devrimcigenclik.org/include/yazigoster_dergi.php?no=806 | title = Taner Akçam'a Özgurluk | journal = Devrimci Gençlik | language = tr | date = September 1976 | quote = Dergimiz Sorumlu Yazı İşleri müdürü Taner Akçam... | access-date = 2008-07-02 | archive-date = 2016-01-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160130175039/http://www.devrimcigenclik.org/include/yazigoster_dergi.php?no=806 | url-status = dead }} ({{langx|en|Our magazine's managing editor Taner Akçam...}})</ref> <ref name="Mershon">{{cite web | url = https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/1811/30156/4/Taner%20Ackem%201-11-06.pdf|work = Mershon Center|publisher = Ohio State University Knowledge Bank|date = 2006-01-11|access-date = 2008-08-18|title = The Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Sources}}</ref> <ref name="CSUFresno">{{cite web | url = http://armenianstudies.csufresno.edu/events/070121.htm | date = 2007-01-21 | access-date = 2008-08-18 | title = A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility | work = Armenian Studies Program | publisher = California State University, Fresno | quote = As the editor in chief of a student political journal | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081226191629/http://armenianstudies.csufresno.edu/events/070121.htm | archive-date = 2008-12-26 }}</ref> <ref name="holdwater">{{cite web| url = http://www.chgs.umn.edu/histories/turkishArmenian/holdwater.doc| format = DOC| first = Taner| last = Akçam| title = Holdwater: 'Murad Gümen: The Mysterious American Who Drives the Armenians Mad'| editor = Nazım Dikbaş| access-date = 2008-01-24| archive-date = 2014-10-15| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141015211302/http://chgs.umn.edu/histories/turkishArmenian/holdwater.doc| url-status = dead}} Originally published in Agos as "Holdwater: The Mysterious American who Drives Armenians Mad," May 18, 2007, and "Holdwater: The Golden Rule," May 25, 2007, by Ali Murat Güven.</ref> <ref name=stthom>{{cite web | url = http://www.stthom.edu/Publications/2007_Releases/NR%20-%20Taner%20Akcam.pdf|title = ST Center for International Studies Presents Taner Akcam, author of "A Shameful Act"|publisher = University of St. Thomas|date = 2007-02-19|access-date = 2008-08-18|quote = In the mid-1970s, Akçam became a leading member of the militant group Dev Yol (Devrimci Yol-Revolutionary Path) and the editor of its periodical Devrimci Genclik Dergisi (Revolutionary Youth Magazine).}}</ref> <ref name="CDI08">{{cite web | url = http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/pkk.cfm | access-date = 2008-07-12 | title = Terrorism — PKK (a.k.a. KADEK): Kurdish Worker's Party (a.k.a. Kurdish Freedom and Democracy Congress) | date = 2002-05-21 | first = Mark | last = Burgess | work = Terrorism Project | publisher = Center for Defense Information }}</ref> <ref name="Munro90">{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ai8YAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Abdullah+Ocalan%22+%22Revolutionary+Youth%22 | title = A World Record of Major Conflict Areas |first1=David|last1=Munro|first2=Alan John |last2=Day|author-link2=Alan John Day | isbn = 1-55862-066-4 | year = 1990 | page=143 | publisher = St. James Press }}</ref> <ref name="Kemal06">{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DosRqg0ZCM4C&dq=%22revolutionary+path%22+ocalan&pg=PA200 | first = Ali Kemal | last = Özcan | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 0-415-36687-9 | page=200 | year = 2006 | title = Turkey's Kurds: A Theoretical Analysis of the PKK and Abdullah Öcalan}}</ref> <ref name="Karpat1975">{{cite book | last = Karpat | first = Kemal H. | year = 1975 | isbn = 90-04-04323-3 | page = 131 | title = Turkey's Foreign Policy in Transition: 1950–1974 | chapter = Turkish and Arab-Israeli Relations | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vp83AAAAIAAJ&dq=%22radical+leftist%22&pg=PA131 | publisher = Brill Archive }}</ref> <ref name="dundar">{{cite news | url = http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2002/01/09/guncel/gun00.html | access-date = 2008-08-26 | title = Bir rüya gördü hapisten kaçtı | work = Milliyet | first = Can | last = Dundar | date = 2002-01-08 | quote = Çıkaracağımız Devrimci Gençlik dergisinin sorumlu yazı işleri müdürünün kim olacağını tartışıyorduk. Herkes birbirinin gözünün içine bakıyordu. Bu görevi üstlenecek olan, geleceğini tehlikeye atmayı, en azından hapse düşmeyi kabul etmiş olacaktı. Beklemekten nefret ederim. Dayanamadım, 'Ben olurum' dedim. | language = tr}}</ref> <ref name="iletisim">{{cite book | url = http://www.iletisim.com.tr/iletisim/person.aspx?pid=517 | access-date = 2008-05-20 | title = Taner Akçam: Biography | work = İletişim Yayınları | language = tr}}</ref> <ref name="NewYorker08">{{cite magazine | url = http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/11/06/061106crbo_books2 | access-date = 2008-09-02 | title = Dead Reckoning | magazine = New Yorker | date = 2006-11-06 | first = Elizabeth | last = Kolbert | quote = Using a stove leg to dig a tunnel... }}</ref> <ref name="schilling">{{cite journal | url = http://www.lawandpolitics.com/minnesota/Is-It-Still-Genocide-if-Your-Allies-Did-It/cef7381e-fe46-102a-aeb9-000e0c6dcf76.html | access-date = 2008-05-16 | journal = Law & Politics | first = Peter | last = Schilling | date = January 2008 | volume = 167 | title = Is It Still Genocide if Your Allies Did It? | archive-date = 2022-01-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220121103949/http://www.lawandpolitics.com/minnesota/Is-It-Still-Genocide-if-Your-Allies-Did-It/cef7381e-fe46-102a-aeb9-000e0c6dcf76.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="latimes">{{cite news | url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-apr-26-me-31217-story.html | access-date = 2008-09-09 | title = Turkish Writer Breaks Ranks on Genocide | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 1999-04-26 | first = Joe | last = Mozingo | quote = Akcam, once a student dissident who tunneled out of a Turkish prison with the leg of an iron stove...had his own run-ins with the Turkish government in the 1970s. He was jailed for printing Marxist articles and eventually escaped from a primitive prison converted from an old stable, he said. Turkish authorities confirmed his arrest and escape, and said he was linked to a pro-Soviet revolutionary group. }}</ref> <ref name="montreal">{{cite journal | url = http://www.montrealmirror.com/2007/021507/news2.html | first = Stefan | last = Christoff | access-date = 2008-05-16 | journal = Montreal Mirror | date = 2007-02-22 | volume = 22 | issue = 34 | title = No shame in slaughter | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071004222639/http://www.montrealmirror.com/2007/021507/news2.html | archive-date = 2007-10-04 }}</ref> <ref name="harvard">{{cite news | title = Author Argues That Armenian Genocide Happened | url = http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=517714 | first = Jonathan Q | last = Macmillan | date = 2007-03-15 | access-date = 2008-05-15 | work = The Harvard Crimson | archive-date = 2007-10-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071015185317/http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=517714 | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="Hamburg">{{cite web | url = http://www.his-online.de/cms.asp?IDN=381&H=%27167%27&Sprache=en | access-date = 2008-07-10 | work = Hamburg Foundation for the Advancement of Research and Culture | date = March 2000 | title = The process of state formation in Turkey | first = Taner | last = Akçam }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="clark">{{cite web | url = http://www.clarku.edu/departments/holocaust/faculty/facultybio.cfm?id=722&progid=5& | access-date = 2008-05-16 | title = Faculty: Taner Akcam, Ph.D. | work = Strassler Family Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies | publisher = Clark University}}</ref> <ref name="dadrian">{{cite web | url = http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~armo/pages/article049106.html | access-date = 2008-08-19 | title = Dadrian and Taner Akcam come to Harvard to Discuss Future of Turkey-Armenia Relations | publisher = Harvard Armenian Society | first = Nina | last = Kouyoumdjian | date = 2006-04-30 | quote = Professor Akcam, one of Dadrian's former students... }}</ref> <ref name="omroep">{{cite journal | url = http://www.omroep.nl/human/tv/muur/W_O_S/interview.htm | access-date = 2008-08-19 | title = A Dutch Filmmaker | first = Salpi Haroutinian | last = Ghazarian | journal = Armenian International Magazine | date = March 1999 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070701150238/http://omroep.nl/human/tv/muur/W_O_S/interview.htm | archive-date = 2007-07-01 }}</ref> <ref name="omroep2">{{cite web | url = http://www.omroep.nl/human/tv/muur/W_O_S/turk.htm | access-date = 2008-08-19 | title = Bir Ziyaretin Dusundurdukleri | date = 2000-04-11 | quote = [Filmin] konusu, doktora tezimin yazimi sirasinda ... Amerika'da yasayan Ermeni asilli Prof. Dadrian ile kurdugum 'akademik iliski' idi. | language = tr | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070708025004/http://omroep.nl/human/tv/muur/W_O_S/turk.htm | archive-date = 2007-07-08 }}</ref> <ref name="Clark170608">{{cite press release | url = http://www.clarku.edu/offices/publicaffairs/news/press/articles/akcam2008.cfm | access-date = 2008-07-02 | publisher = Office of University Communications, Clark University | date = 2008-06-17 | title = Taner Akçam - scholar, author, ex-political prisoner, and courageous champion of civil liberties - joins the Strassler Center | quote = Clark University has appointed prominent historian Taner Akçam to occupy the Robert Aram and Marianne Kaloosdian and Stephen and Marion Mugar Professorship in Armenian Genocide Studies | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080626230956/http://www.clarku.edu/offices/publicaffairs/news/press/articles/akcam2008.cfm | archive-date = 2008-06-26 }}</ref> }} * {{cite book |last1=Cheterian |first1=Vicken|author-link=Vicken Cheterian |title=Open Wounds: Armenians, Turks and a Century of Genocide |date=2015 |publisher=Hurst |isbn=978-1-84904-458-5}}
==Further reading== *{{cite book |last1=Kühne |first1=Thomas |last2=Rein |first2=Mary Jane |last3=Mamigonian |first3=Marc A. |title=Documenting the Armenian Genocide: Essays in Honor of Taner Akçam |date=2023 |publisher=Springer Nature |hdl=20.500.12657/86878 |isbn=978-3-031-36753-3 |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-36753-3 |language=en}}
== External links == * [http://www.chgs.umn.edu/histories/turkishArmenian/ Akcam's Project at University of Minnesota] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917093444/http://www.chgs.umn.edu/histories/turkishArmenian/ |date=2014-09-17 }} * ECtHR [http://cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/view.asp?action=html&documentId=894316&portal=hbkm&source=externalbydocnumber&table=F69A27FD8FB86142BF01C1166DEA398649 judgment in case Akçam v. Turkey] * [https://armenians-1915.blogspot.com/2012/12/3382-methodology-of-taner-akcam.html Methodology of Taner Akçam]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Akcam, Taner}} Category:1953 births Category:Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Turkey Category:Historians of the Armenian genocide Category:Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights Category:European Court of Human Rights cases involving Turkey Category:Historians of Turkey Category:Living people Category:Middle East Technical University alumni Category:People from Ardahan Category:Meskhetian Turkish people Category:20th-century Turkish historians Category:Turkish human rights activists Category:Turkish non-fiction writers Category:Turkish sociologists Category:Clark University faculty Category:Turkish emigrants to Germany Category:Armenian studies scholars Category:Turkish escapees Category:Escapees from Turkish detention Category:21st-century Turkish historians Category:Genocide studies scholars