{{Infobox song | name = Tamo daleko | cover = | alt = | type = | artist = | album = | released = 1916 | format = | recorded = | studio = | venue = | genre = | length = | label = | writer = Đorđe Marinković | producer = | misc = {{Audio sample | type = | file = }} }}
'''''Tamo daleko''''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Тамо далеко}}; "There, Far Away", "Over There, Far Away" or "There, Afar") is a Serbian folk song which was composed in 1916 to commemorate the Serbian Army's retreat through Albania in World War I and during which it was devastated by hunger, disease and attacks by armed bands before regrouping on the Greek island of Corfu, where many more Serbian soldiers died.{{sfn|Bock-Luna|2005|pp=59–60}} It revolves around the theme of loss and longing for a distant homeland.
Along with the other World War I song, March on the Drina, it became a powerful symbol of Serbian culture and national identity and remains popular amongst Serbs in the Balkans and the diaspora.{{sfn|Hudson|2007|p=166}}{{sfn|Cohen|1998|p=129}}
==Song== [[File:Tamo Daleko.ogg|thumb|''Tamo Daleko'', as performed by a tamburica ensemble named ''Tamburaško Pevačko Društvo'' (Columbia Records, April 1917)]] thumb|right|Serbian Army's retreat through the Albanian countryside [[File:N.Tesla.JPG|thumb|right|180px|The song was played at the funeral of the Serbian inventor Nikola Tesla.]] Song is played in triple metre and begins solemnly in a minor key before switching to the relative major of the dominant key in the third line of the first verse, symbolizing hope before returning to the tonic minor key from the beginning.{{sfn|Hudson|2007|p=166}} The singer describes himself as being in the land "where the lemon tree blooms yellow" and looks "far away in the distance, where the sun shines brighter" to the village where he was born.
Historian Andrej Mitrović writes of the song's "nostalgic air [and] sorrowful melody". He argues that it provides great insight into the collective psychology and overall morale of the Serbian Army during the winter of 1915. He asserts that while the song is nostalgic, the basic idea is one of optimism.{{sfn|Mitrović|2007|p=165}} Journalist Roger Cohen describes ''Tamo daleko'' as "the lament of a people uprooted".{{sfn|Cohen|1998|p=129}} The author Robert Hudson writes that "a sense of primordial identity, linked to family and nation, is embedded in [the] song, with father and son giving up their lives for the nation".{{sfn|Hudson|2007|p=166}}
In April 1917, a Serbian American group named ''Tamburaško Pevačko Društvo'' made a recording of the song.{{sfn|March|2013|p=97}} Towards the end of World War I, the Serbian Army retook Serbia from Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria. ''Tamo daleko'' became very popular amongst Serbian émigrés.{{sfn|Bock-Luna|2005|p=60}} The song was even played at the funeral of the Serbian inventor Nikola Tesla in New York City in 1943.{{sfn|Blic|20 May 2013}} During the second half of the 20th century, Serbs in the diaspora began viewing it as a form of national anthem.{{sfn|Bock-Luna|2005|p=60}} In Titoist Yugoslavia, it was performed by Dušan Jakšić (1965),<ref>{{Citation|title=Dušan Jakšić - Tamo Daleko|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1bIAJp8BL0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/z1bIAJp8BL0 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Nikola Vučetin Bata (1977)<ref>{{Citation|title=Nikola Vucetin Bata - Tamo daleko - (Audio 1977)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4oY4TGvWVM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/m4oY4TGvWVM |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and others, but usually without the lines explicitly mentioning Serbia and Serbian Army because they evoked the resurgence of Serbian national feeling. From around 1985, those lyrics appear again in official releases of the song.<ref>{{Citation|title=Sekstet Skadarlija - Tamo daleko - (Audio 1985)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krmUivCnhQU}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}</ref>{{sfn|Laušević|1996|p=132}}{{efn|Historian Sabrina P. Ramet contends that only some lyrics from the song were banned during Josip Broz Tito's regime.{{sfn|Ramet|2002|p=36}}}} In 1964, it was featured in the Bulgarian film ''The Peach Thief''.{{sfn|Iordanova|2006|p=29}} In the early 1990s Radio Television of Serbia broadcast a documentary showing Serbian veterans returning to Corfu, with ''Tamo daleko'' playing gently in the background.{{sfn|Judah|2000|p=101}} Many variations of the song were sung by Bosnian Serb volunteers during the Bosnian War.{{sfn|Cohen|1998|p=129}} The song remains popular amongst Serbs in the Balkans and the diaspora and several modern versions of it have been recorded, most notably by musician Goran Bregović.{{sfn|Iordanova|2006|p=29}}
==Authorship== The song was composed on Corfu but identity of the song's writer and composer remained a matter of dispute for many decades. Several individuals claimed to have been its original authors. Some contended that Milan Buzin, the chaplain of the Serbian Army's Drina Division, had composed and written the song. Others claimed that Dimitrije Marić, the surgeon of the Third field hospital of the Serbian Army's Šumadija Division, was the composer. Mihailo Zastavniković, a teacher from Negotin, was also rumoured to have been the original composer and writer and had even published one version of the song in 1926.
In 2008, historian Ranko Jakovljević discovered that Đorđe Marinković, an amateur musician from the village of Korbovo near Kladovo, was the song's original writer and composer. He composed ''Tamo daleko'' in Corfu in 1916 and moved to Paris after World War I, where he secured the authorship rights to the song in 1922. He lived in relative obscurity until his death in 1977.{{sfn|Todorović|8 March 2008}}
==Lyrics== There are multiple versions of ''Tamo daleko'' in existence, most of which end with the line "long live Serbia!".{{sfn|Bock-Luna|2005|p=57}}{{sfn|Mitrović|2007|pp=165–166}} During World War II the Communist-led Yugoslav Partisans also sung a version of the song, dedicated to the Yugoslav People's Army and Josip Broz Tito.
A common version goes as follows:{{sfn|Bock-Luna|2005|p=59}}
{|align=center cellpadding=10 !Serbian !Serbian Latin !English |- | style="italic=no" |<poem> Тамо далеко, далеко од мора, Тамо је село моје, тамо је Србија. Тамо је село моје, тамо је Србија.
Тамо далеко, где цвета лимун жут, Тамо је српској војсци једини био пут. Тамо је српској војсци једини био пут.
Тамо далеко, где цвета бели крин, Тамо су животе дали заједно отац и син. Тамо су животе дали заједно отац и син.
Тамо где тиха путује Морава, Тамо ми икона оста, и моја крсна слава. Тамо ми икона оста, и моја крсна слава.
Тамо где Тимок поздравља Вељков град, Тамо ми спалише цркву, у којој венчах се млад. Тамо ми спалише цркву, у којој венчах се млад.
Без отаџбине, на Крфу живех ја, Али сам поносно клиц'о, Живела Србија! Али сам поносно клиц'о, Живела Србија!</poem> |<poem>Tamo daleko, daleko od mora, Tamo je selo moje, tamo je Srbija. Tamo je selo moje, tamo je Srbija.
Tamo daleko, gde cveta limun žut, Tamo je srpskoj vojsci jedini bio put. Tamo je srpskoj vojsci jedini bio put.
Tamo daleko, gde cveta beli krin, Tamo su živote dali zajedno otac i sin. Tamo su živote dali zajedno otac i sin.
Tamo gde tiha putuje Morava, Tamo mi ikona osta, i moja krsna slava. Tamo mi ikona osta, i moja krsna slava.
Tamo gde Timok pozdravlja Veljkov grad, Tamo mi spališe crkvu, u kojoj venčah se mlad. Tamo mi spališe crkvu, u kojoj venčah se mlad.
Bez otadžbine, na Krfu živeh ja, Ali sam ponosno klic'o, Živela Srbija! Ali sam ponosno klic'o, Živela Srbija!</poem> |<poem>There, far away, far from the sea, There is the village of mine, there is Serbia. There is the village of mine, there is Serbia.
There, far away, where the yellow lemon blooms, There was the only path open to the Serbian Army. There was the only path open to the Serbian Army.
There, far away, where white lilies bloom, There father and son together gave their lives. There father and son together gave their lives.
There, where the silent Morava travels, There my icon stayed, and my family saint. There my icon stayed, and my family saint.
There, where the Timok greets Veljko's town, There they burned my church, where I was married when young. There they burned my church, where I was married when young. Without my homeland, I lived on Corfu, But I proudly cheered, "Long live Serbia!" But I proudly cheered, "Long live Serbia!"</poem> |}
== See also == * March on the Drina
==Covers== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHtW0VN28Ow Dort in der Ferne by Eugen Cicero]
==Citations==
===Notes=== {{notelist|30em}}
===Footnotes=== {{reflist|30em}}
==References== {{refbegin|40em}} * {{cite news |newspaper = Blic |date = 20 May 2013 |language = Serbian |title = Nova dokumenta o geniju: Tesla sahranjen uz "Tamo daleko" |trans-title = New Documents About a Genius: Tesla Was Buried to ''There, Far Away'' |url = http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Drustvo/383293/OTKRIVAMO-Nova-dokumenta-o-geniju-Tesla-sahranjen-uz-Tamo-daleko |ref = {{harvid|Blic20 May 2013}} |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140114191949/http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Drustvo/383293/OTKRIVAMO-Nova-dokumenta-o-geniju-Tesla-sahranjen-uz-Tamo-daleko |archive-date = 14 January 2014 }} * {{cite book | last = Bock-Luna | first = Birgit | year = 2005 | title = The Past in Exile: Serbian Long-distance Nationalism and Identity in the Wake of the Third Balkan War | publisher = LIT Verlag Münster | location = Berlin | isbn = 978-3-8258-9752-9 }} * {{cite book | last = Cohen | first = Roger | authorlink = Roger Cohen | year = 1998 | title = Hearts Grown Brutal: Sagas of Sarajevo | url = https://archive.org/details/heartsgrownbruta00cohe | url-access = registration | publisher = Random House | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-307-76635-9 }} * {{cite book | last = Gordy | first = Eric D. | year = 1999 | title = Culture of Power in Serbia: Nationalism and the Destruction of Alternatives | publisher = Pennsylvania State University Press | location = University Park, Pennsylvania | isbn = 0-271-01958-1 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6ccXASlIcGgC }} * {{cite book | last = Hudson | first = Robert | editor1-last = Biddle | editor1-first = Ian | editor2-last = Knights | editor2-first = Vanessa | year = 2007 | title = Music, National Identity and the Politics of Location: Between the Global and the Local | chapter = Popular Music, Tradition and Serbian Nationalism | publisher = Ashgate Publishing | location = Burlington, Vermont | isbn = 978-0-75464-055-4 }} * {{cite book | last = Iordanova | first = Dina | authorlink = Dina Iordanova | year = 2006 | title = The Cinema of the Balkans | publisher = Wallflower Press | location = London | isbn = 978-1-90476-481-6 }} * {{cite book | last = Judah | first = Tim | authorlink = Tim Judah | year = 2000 | edition = 2nd | title = The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia | publisher = Yale University Press | location = New Haven, Connecticut | isbn = 978-0-300-08507-5 }} * {{cite book | last = Laušević | first = Mirjana | editor-last = Slobin | editor1-first = Mark | year = 1996 | title = Retuning Culture: Musical Changes in Central and Eastern Europe | chapter = The Ilahiya as a Symbol of Bosnian Muslim National Identity | publisher = Duke University Press | location = Durham, North Carolina | isbn = 978-0-822-31847-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=93qZerStffMC }} * {{cite book | last = March | first = Richard | year = 2013 | title = The Tamburitza Tradition: From the Balkans to the American Midwest | publisher = University of Wisconsin Press | location = Madison, Wisconsin | isbn = 978-0-299-29604-9 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DbHxAAAAQBAJ }} * {{cite book | last = Mitrović | first = Andrej | authorlink = Andrej Mitrović | year = 2007 | title = Serbia's Great War, 1914–1918 | publisher = Purdue University Press | location = West Lafayette, Indiana | isbn = 978-1-55753-477-4 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CI5Wm8771EYC }} * {{cite book | last = Ramet | first = Sabrina P. | authorlink = Sabrina P. Ramet | year = 2002 | title = Balkan Babel: The Disintegration Of Yugoslavia From The Death Of Tito To The Fall Of Milosevic | edition = 4 | publisher = Westview Press | location = Boulder, Colorado | isbn = 978-0-81334-618-2 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7IK8us1frhAC }} * {{cite news | last = Todorović | first = Stojan | newspaper = Politika | date = 8 March 2008 | language = Serbian | title = Kladovčanin autor pesme "Tamo daleko" |trans-title=A Man From Kladovo Wrote the Song ''There, Far Away'' | url = http://www.politika.rs/rubrike/Srbija/Kladovchanin-autor-pesme-Tamo-daleko.lt.html | ref = {{harvid|Todorović8 March 2008}} }} {{refend}}
==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091117062442/http://teme.junis.ni.ac.rs/teme3-2009/teme%203-2009-17.pdf Tamo daleko- Opus Djordja Marinkovica]
Category:Serbian patriotic songs Category:Culture of Serbia Category:Culture of Republika Srpska Category:History of Corfu Category:Serbia in World War I Category:Greece in World War I Category:1916 in Serbia Category:1916 songs Category:Songs about Serbia Category:Songs of World War I Category:Cultural depictions of Serbian people