{{Short description|Genus of orchids}} {{For|the type of headband|Tainia (costume)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Tainia bicornis (as Ania bicornis) - Edwards vol 30 (NS 7) pl 8 (1844).jpg | image_caption = Illustration of ''T. bicornis'' (as ''Ania bicornis'') by Sarah Drake<ref name="Drake">{{cite journal |last1=Drake |first1=Sarah |editor=John Lindley |title=''Ania bicornis'' |journal=Edwards's Botanical Register |date=1844 |volume=30 |page=8 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9067#page/35/mode/1up |accessdate=3 November 2018}}</ref> | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Tainia | authority = Blume<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |title=''Tainia'' |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30776-1 |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref> | type_species = ''Tainia speciosa'' | type_species_authority = Blume | synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO"/> | synonyms = * ''Mitopetalum'' <small>Blume</small> * ''Mischobulbum'' <small>Schltr.</small> }}
'''''Tainia''''', commonly known as '''ribbon orchids'''<ref name="Jones">{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|page =364}}</ref> or '''带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu)'''<ref name="China">{{cite web |last1=Chen |first1=Xinqi |last2=Wood |first2=Jeffrey J. |title=''Tainia'' |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=132220 |accessdate=3 November 2018}}</ref> is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, terrestrial orchids in the (family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, Japan, Southeast Asia to New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Queensland.<ref name="POWO" />
==Description== Orchids in the genus ''Tainia'' are evergreen, terrestrial herbaceous plants with upright, crowded, thin fleshy pseudobulbs. Each pseudobulb has a single, smooth or pleated leaf. The flower stalk emerges from the pseudobulb on the top of a leafless shoot and bears resupinate yellowish, brownish, red or purple small to moderately large flowers. The sepals and petals are similar in size and shape to each other and several flowers open simultaneously. The labellum is sometimes lobed but always has prominent ridges on its upper surface.<ref name="Jones" /><ref name="China" /><ref name="ATROK">{{cite web |author1=D.L.Jones |author2=T.Hopley |author3=S.M.Duffy |author1-link=David L. Jones (botanist) |year=2010 |access-date=28 May 2021 |url=http://www.canbr.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/RFKOrchids/key/rfkorchids/Media/Html/genera/Tainia.htm |title=''Tainia'' |website=Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government}}</ref>
==Taxonomy and naming== The genus ''Tainia'' was first formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume who published the description in ''Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië''.<ref name="POWO" /><ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Tainia''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/474154|publisher=APNI|accessdate=3 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="Blume">{{cite book |last1=Blume |first1=Carl Ludwig |title=Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië |date=1825 |location=Batavia |page=354 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9224#page/71/mode/1up|accessdate=3 November 2018}}</ref> The name ''Tainia'' is an Ancient Greek word meaning "ribbon", "fillet", "band" or "stripe"<ref name="RWB">{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page =660}}</ref> but Blume's reason for giving this name is not known.<ref name="ATROK" />
===Species list=== The following is a list of the species of ''Tainia'' currently accepted by Plants of the World Online as of November 2023:<ref name="POWOlist">{{cite web |title=''Tainia'' |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/results?f=&q=Tainia |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref>
* ''Tainia acuminata'' <small>Aver.</small> * ''Tainia bicornis'' <small>(Lindl.) Rchb.f.</small> * ''Tainia cordifolia'' <small>Hook.f.</small> - Vietnam, Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan * ''Tainia cornuta'' <small>Aver.</small> * ''Tainia crassa'' <small>(H.Turner) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb</small> - Peninsular Malaysia * ''Tainia dunnii'' <small>Rolfe</small> - Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang ** ''Tainia dunnii'' var. ''caterva'' <small>(T.P.Lin & W.M.Lin) T.P.Lin</small> * ''Tainia elliptica'' <small>Fukuy</small> * ''Tainia hohuanshanensis'' <small>S.S.Ying</small> - Taiwan * ''Tainia hualienia'' <small>S.S.Ying</small> - Taiwan * ''Tainia latifolia'' <small>(Lindl.) Rchb.f.</small> - Assam, Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan ** ''Tainia latifolia ''subsp''. elongata'' <small>(J.J.Sm.) H.Turner</small> - Sumatra, Java, Borneo ** ''Tainia latifolia ''subsp''. latifolia'' - Assam, Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan ** ''Tainia latifolia ''subsp''. subintegra'' <small>P.O'Byrne</small> - Assam, Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan * ''Tainia laxiflora'' <small>Makino</small> - Japan, Taiwan, Izu-shoto, Nansei-shoto (Ryukyu Islands) * ''Tainia longiscapa'' <small>(Seidenf.) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb</small> - Yunnan, Thailand, Vietnam, Hainan * ''Tainia macrantha'' <small>Hook.f.</small> - Guangxi, Guangdong, Vietnam * ''Tainia maingayi'' <small>Hook.f.</small> - Java, Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra * ''Tainia marmorata'' <small>(J.J.Sm.) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb</small> - Sulawesi * ''Tainia megalantha'' <small>(Tang & F.T.Wang) ined.</small> - India, Bhutan, Assam * ''Tainia minor'' <small>Hook.f.</small> - Assam, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Yunnan, Tibet * ''Tainia obpandurata'' <small>H.Turner</small> - Sumatra, Borneo * ''Tainia papuana'' <small>J.J.Sm.</small> - New Guinea, Solomons * ''Tainia paucifolia'' <small>(Breda) J.J.Sm.</small> - Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Malaysia, Java, Sumatra * ''Tainia ponggolensis'' <small>(A.L.Lamb ex H.Turner) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb</small> - Sabah * ''Tainia purpureifolia'' <small>Carr</small> - Borneo * ''Tainia scapigera'' <small>(Hook.f.) J.J.Sm.</small> - Borneo * ''Tainia serratiloba'' <small>Ormerod</small> - western New Guinea * ''Tainia simondii'' <small>(Seidenf. ex Aver.) ined.</small> - Vietnam * ''Tainia speciosa'' <small>Blume</small> - Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra * ''Tainia trinervis'' <small>Blume Rchb.f.</small> - Maluku, New Guinea, Solomons, Queensland * ''Tainia vegetissima'' <small>Ridl.</small> - Malaysia, Borneo * ''Tainia wrayana'' <small>(Hook.f.) J.J.Sm.</small> - Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Sumatra
==Distribution and habitat== Orchids in the genus ''Tainia'' grow in high rainfall, shady forests. They are found in Sri Lanka, India and Japan, then south from Myanmar to New Guinea, Australia and some Pacific Islands. Thirteen species, of which two are endemic are found in China. The only Australian species, ''T. trinervis'' also occurs in New Guinea and some Pacific Islands.<ref name="Jones" /><ref name="China" />
==References== {{Reflist}} *{{Commons-inline|Tainia|''Tainia''}}
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Category:Tainia Category:Collabieae genera