{{Short description|Term for foreign-born businesspeople in China}} {{about|the Cantonese term||Taipan (disambiguation)}} {{use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{use British English|date=April 2022}} A '''taipan''' ({{zh|c={{linktext|大|班}}|sl=daai<sup>6</sup>baan<sup>1</sup>|p=dà bān}},<ref name=Moody>Andrew J. Moody, "Transmission Languages and Source Languages of Chinese Borrowings in English", ''American Speech'', Vol. 71, No. 4 (Winter, 1996), pp. 414–415.</ref> literally "top class"<ref name="汉英词典">汉英词典 — ''A Chinese-English Dictionary'' 1988 新华书店北京发行所发行 (Beijing Xinhua Bookshop).</ref>), sometimes spelled '''tai-pan''', is a foreign-born senior business executive or entrepreneur operating in mainland China or Hong Kong. The term Taipan also refers to the mixed political, social, and business oligarch families in the Philippines.<ref name=pin1/>
== History == In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, taipans were foreign-born businessmen who headed large hong trading houses such as Jardine, Matheson & Co., Swire and Dent & Co., amongst others.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}
The first recorded use of the term in English is in the ''Canton Register'' of 28{{nbsp}}October 1834.<ref name=OED>''Oxford English Dictionary'' (2nd edn, 1989).</ref> Historical variant spellings include ''taepan'' (first appearance) and ''typan''.<ref name=OED/>
== Politico-business oligarchs in the Philippines == {{anchor | Philippines }} Taipans also refer to the Chinese-Filipino business oligarchs and business families who own or have involvement in various businesses in the Philippines and are the powerful billionaire-founders of Chinese-Filipino business empires. Some of them are also able to control, gain ownership to either temporary or permanent and wholly or partially, and have involvement on Philippine politics and the country's other sectors like mass media, energy, electricity, and many more.
Examples of taipans are: Roberto Ongpin of Alphaland Corporation; the López family of Iloilo of Lopez Holdings Corporation (LPZ) and its owner and the family's private holding and investment entity Lopez, Inc. which includes ABS-CBN Corporation, and the media company's namesake media network, divisions and subsidiaries and real estate properties; Sy family of SM Investments Corporation (SMIC) or SM Group and private concessionaire of the Philippine government-owned (under Department of Energy (DOE)) National Transmission Corporation (TransCo) and temporary owner of Philippine power grid structures or components both entirely new and secondhand and their exact lands or locations, and rights-of-ways (ROWs) or portions acquired and designated from January 15, 2009 National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) through vice-chairman Henry T. Sy Jr. with the latter also along with Robert Coyiuto Jr.; Ramon Ang of San Miguel Corporation (SMC); Lucio Tan of Philippine Airlines (PAL); Tony Tan Caktiong of Jollibee Group; and Jacinto Ng of Republic Biscuit Corporation (Rebisco).<ref name=pin1>{{cite web|date=September 16, 2020|title=The taipans — Chinese Filipino oligarchs |website=The Manila Times |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/09/16/opinion/columnists/the-taipans-chinese-filipino-oligarchs/768429|accessdate=July 11, 2021}}</ref>
==In popular culture== The term gained wide currency outside China after the publication of Somerset Maugham's 1922 short story "The Taipan" and James Clavell's 1966 novel ''Tai-Pan'', which was adapted into a 1986 film of the same name, directed by Daryl Duke.
Taipan! is a 1979 video game where the player is 19th-century trader who sails between several east Asian ports buying opium, silk and firearms to re-sell at higher prices.
The term was used to describe the protagonist's family in J. G. Ballard's 1984 novel ''Empire of the Sun''.
==Notable taipans== {{incomplete list|date=January 2013}} *Anthony John Liddell Nightingale, Jardine Matheson (2006–2012), Hong Kong *William Jardine,<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |title=Jardine Matheson's Heir-Elect: Brian M. Powers; An Asian Trading Empire Picks an American 'Tai-pan' |author=Nicholas D. Kristof |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 21, 1987 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/21/business/jardine-matheson-s-heir-elect-brian-m-powers-asian-trading-empire-picks-american.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |url-access=subscription |quote=... William Jardine, the first tai-pan, a shrewd Scotsman ...}}</ref> Jardine Matheson (1843–1845), Hong Kong *James Matheson, Jardine Matheson (1796–1878), Hong Kong *Lawrence Kadoorie,<ref>{{cite news |title=Lawrence Kadoorie, 94, Is Dead; A Leader in Hong Kong'g [''sic''] Growth |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 26, 1993 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/26/obituaries/lawrence-kadoorie-94-is-dead-a-leader-in-hong-kong-g-growth.html |url-access=subscription}}</ref> China Light and Power (1899–1993), Hong Kong *Alasdair Morrison,<ref>{{cite journal |date=April 8, 1995 |title=The Taipan and the dragon. |journal=The Economist |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-16806376.html |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611141001/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-16806376.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 11, 2014}}</ref> Jardine Matheson (1994–2000), Hong Kong *Simon Murray,<ref>{{cite news |title=Hong Kong's New Business Dynasties : The great British trading houses rush to hire more Chinese executives, shed their colonial veneer before Beijing takes over in '97. |author=Rone Tempest and Christine Courtney |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 12, 1994 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-04-12-mn-45155-story.html |url-access=subscription |quote=Simon Murray was one of the last British 'taipans.'}}</ref> Hutchison Whampoa (1984–1994), Hong Kong *Percy Weatherall (born 1957), Jardine Matheson, Hong Kong *William Keswick (1834–1912), Scotland *Merlin Bingham Swire (born 1973), England *Douglas Lapraik (1818–1869), England *John Johnstone Paterson (1886–1971), Jardine Matheson, Hong Kong
== See also == {{Portal|Hong Kong|China}} *Canton System, the single-port trading monopoly operative in China prior to the First Opium War. *Thirteen Factories
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Economy of Hong Kong navbox}}
Category:Cantonese words and phrases Category:Economy of Hong Kong