Tamil United Liberation Front

{{Short description|Political party in Sri Lanka}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}} {{EngvarB|date=August 2020}} {{Infobox political party |name = Tamil United Liberation Front |native_name = தமிழர் ஐக்கிய விடுதலை முன்னணி ද්‍රවිඩ එක්සත් විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ |logo = |colorcode = Yellow |leader = V. Anandasangaree |chairperson = |president = |secretary_general = |founder = S. J. V. Chelvanayakam G. G. Ponnambalam Savumiamoorthy Thondaman |leader1_title = Secretary |leader1_name = K. K. Kanagarajah |slogan = |founded = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1972|05|04}} |dissolved = |merger = {{hlist|All Ceylon Tamil Congress|Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi|Ceylon Workers' Congress}} |split = |predecessor = Tamil United Front |merged = |successor = |headquarters = 5/3A Wijayaba Mawatha, Kalubowila, Dehiwala |newspaper = |student_wing = |youth_wing = |membership_year = |membership = |ideology = Tamil nationalism |religion = |national = |international = |european = |europarl = |affiliation1_title = |affiliation1 = |colors = |seats1_title = |seats1 = |seats2_title = |seats2 = |seats3_title = |seats3 = |symbol = Rising Sun 100px|TULF Election Symbol |flag = |website = {{url|tulf.org}} |country = Sri Lanka |footnotes = }}

The '''Tamil United Liberation Front''' ('''TULF'''; {{langx|ta|தமிழர் ஐக்கிய விடுதலை முன்னணி|translit=Tamil Onrupattatu Viduthulai Munnai}}, {{langx|si|ද්‍රවිඩ එක්සත් විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ|translit= Dravida Eksath Vimukthi Peramuna}}) is a political party in Sri Lanka.

==Formation== On 4 May 1972, several Tamil political groups, including the Federal Party (ITAK), Ceylon Workers Congress (CWC), and All Ceylon Tamil Congress formed the Tamil United Front (TUF) under the joint leadership of S.J.V. Selvanayagam, S. Thondaman, and G.G. Ponnambalam. The TUF changed its name to Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF) and adopted the demand for an independent state to be known as the "secular, socialist state of Tamil Eelam". The CWC declined to support the newly formed TULF.

==1977 Parliamentary General Election== In the first general election contested by the TULF, the 1977 Sri Lankan parliamentary election, in which the UNP won by a landslide, the TULF won 6.40% of the popular vote and 18 out of 168 seats in the Sri Lankan parliament, including all 14 seats in the Northern Province.

'''Votes and seats won by the TULF by electoral district''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Electoral District ! align=right|Votes ! align=right|% ! align=right|Seats ! align=right|Turnout ! TULF MP |- | Batticaloa | align=right|26,648 | align=right|24.70% | align=right|1 | align=right|71.15% | Chelliah Rajadurai |- | Chavakachcheri | align=right|20,028 | align=right|63.27% | align=right|1 | align=right|85.65% | V. N. Navaratnam |- | Jaffna | align=right|16,251 | align=right|56.62% | align=right|1 | align=right|82.32% | V. Yogeswaran |- | Kalkudah | align=right|12,595 | align=right|43.07% | align=right|0 | align=right|86.02% | |- | Kalmunai | align=right|7,093 | align=right|27.38% | align=right|0 | align=right|89.86% | |- | Kankesanthurai | align=right|31,155 | align=right|85.41% | align=right|1 | align=right|83.08% | A. Amirthalingam |- | Kayts | align=right|17,640 | align=right|64.05% | align=right|1 | align=right|75.72% | K. P. Ratnam |- | Kilinochchi | align=right|15,607 | align=right|73.42% | align=right|1 | align=right|79.71% | V. Anandasangaree |- | Kopay | align=right|25,840 | align=right|77.20% | align=right|1 | align=right|80.03% | S. Kathiravelupillai |- | Manipay | align=right|27,550 | align=right|83.99% | align=right|1 | align=right|79.28% | V. Dharmalingam |- | Mannar | align=right|15,141 | align=right|51.58% | align=right|1 | align=right|92.40% | P. S. Soosaithasan |- | Mullaitivu | align=right|10,261 | align=right|52.36% | align=right|1 | align=right|79.34% | X. M. Sellathambu |- | Mutur | align=right|7,520 | align=right|27.00% | align=right|0 | align=right|91.65% | |- | Nallur | align=right|29,858 | align=right|89.42% | align=right|1 | align=right|83.05% | M. Sivasithamparam |- | Paddirippu | align=right|15,877 | align=right|49.17% | align=right|1 | align=right|89.92% | P. Ganeshalingam |- | Point Pedro | align=right|12,989 | align=right|55.91% | align=right|1 | align=right|81.66% | K. Thurairatnam |- | Pottuvil | align=right|23,990 | align=right|26.97% | align=right|1 | align=right|179.02% | M. Kanagaratnam |- | Puttalam | align=right|3,268 | align=right|10.52% | align=right|0 | align=right|83.58% | |- | Sammanthurai | align=right|8,615 | align=right|34.65% | align=right|0 | align=right|91.04% | |- | Trincomalee | align=right|15,144 | align=right|51.76% | align=right|1 | align=right|81.78% | R. Sampanthan |- | Udupiddy | align=right|18,768 | align=right|63.44% | align=right|1 | align=right|80.05% | T. Rasalingam |- | Vaddukoddai | align=right|23,384 | align=right|70.18% | align=right|1 | align=right|81.90% | T. Thirunavukarasu |- | Vavuniya | align=right|13,821 | align=right|59.02% | align=right|1 | align=right|82.31% | T. Sivasithamparam |- | '''Total''' | align=right|'''399,043''' | align=right|'''6.40%''' | align=right|'''18''' | | |- |align=left colspan=6|Source:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/web/images/pdf/general-election-results/general-election-1977.pdf|title=Result of Parliamentary General Election 1977|publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka}}</ref> |}

The TULF became the official opposition as a result of the rout of the SLFP. The TULF's success would lead to riots in which hundreds of Tamils were murdered by Sinhalese mobs.

Throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, the TULF was frequently blamed by nationalist Sinhalese politicians for acts of violence committed by militant groups such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). In fact, the TULF represented an older, more moderate generation of Tamils that felt independence could be achieved without violence, unlike the LTTE, who believed in armed conflict.

In October 1983, all the TULF legislators, numbering sixteen at the time, forfeited their seats in Parliament for refusing to swear an oath unconditionally renouncing support for a separate state in accordance with the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka.

During the 1980s, the LTTE began to see the TULF as a rival in its desire to be considered the sole representative of the Tamils of the north and east. Over the next two decades, the LTTE assassinated several TULF leaders, including A. Amirthalingam and Neelan Thiruchelvam.

==1989 Parliamentary General Election== The TULF formed an alliance with the three Indian-backed paramilitary groups, Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front (ENDLF), Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF), and Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization (TELO), to contest the 1989 Sri Lankan parliamentary election. The alliance won 3.40% of the popular vote and 10 out of 225 seats in the Sri Lankan parliament.

'''Votes and seats won by the TULF / ENDLF / EPRLF / TULF alliance by electoral district''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Electoral District ! align=right|Votes ! align=right|% ! align=right|Seats ! align=right|Turnout ! TULF / ENDLF / EPRLF / TELO MPs |- | valign=top|Ampara | valign=top align=right|43,424 | valign=top align=right|20.32% | valign=top align=right|1 | valign=top align=right|80.41% | Jeyaratnam Thiviya Nadan (EPRLF) |- | valign=top|Batticaloa | valign=top align=right|55,131 | valign=top align=right|35.49% | valign=top align=right|3 | valign=top align=right|71.74% | Prince Gunarasa Casinader (EPRLF) G. Karunakaran (TELO) Thambimuthu Samuel Pennington Thevarasa (EPRLF), murdered 11 May 1990 Joseph Pararajasingham (TULF), from 1990 (replaces Sam Thambimuthu (EPRLF)) |- | valign=top|Jaffna | valign=top align=right|60,013 | valign=top align=right|25.02% | valign=top align=right|3 | valign=top align=right|40.50% | Kandiah Navaratnam (EPRLF) Suresh Premachandran (EPRLF) Ganeshankari Yogasangari (EPRLF), murdered 19 June 1990 |- | valign=top|Vanni | valign=top align=right|17,271 | valign=top align=right|39.99% | valign=top align=right|2 | valign=top align=right|30.53% | Raja Kuhaneswaran (TELO) Anthony Emmanuel Silva (EPRLF) |- | National List | | | align=right|1 | | A. Amirthalingam (TULF), murdered 13 July 1989 Mavai Senathirajah (replaces A. Amirthalingam) |- | '''Total''' | align=right|'''188,593''' | align=right|'''3.40%''' | align=right|'''10''' | align=right|'''63.6%''' | |- |align=left colspan=6|Sources:<ref>{{cite web |title=Result of Parliamentary General Election 1989 |url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/Results_1989%20GENERAL%20ELECTION.PDF |publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090304101343/http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/Results_1989%20GENERAL%20ELECTION.PDF |archive-date=4 March 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=D. B. S. Jeyaraj |title=The benign parliamentarian from Batticaloa |url=http://transcurrents.com/tamiliana/index.php/archives/category/transcurrents/page/24/ |date=1 January 2006 |publisher=TransCurrents |author-link=David Jeyaraj |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091110120635/http://transcurrents.com/tamiliana/index.php/archives/category/transcurrents/page/24 |archive-date=10 November 2009 }}</ref> |}

==1994 Parliamentary General Election== In the 1994 Sri Lankan parliamentary election, in which the People's Alliance, led by Chandrika Kumaratunga, came to power after seventeen years of UNP rule, the TULF won 1.60% of the popular vote and 5 out of 225 seats in the Sri Lankan parliament.

'''Votes and seats won by the TULF by electoral district''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Electoral District ! align=right|Votes ! align=right|% ! align=right|Seats ! align=right|Turnout ! TULF MPs |- | valign=top|Batticaloa | valign=top align=right|76,516 | valign=top align=right|43.95% | valign=top align=right|3 | valign=top align=right|66.47% | Joseph Pararajasingham P. Selvarasa K. Thurairajasingam |- | valign=top|Trincomalee | valign=top align=right|28,380 | valign=top align=right|23.66% | valign=top align=right|1 | valign=top align=right|65.15% | A. Thangathurai |- | National List | | | align=right|1 | | Dr. Neelan Tiruchelvam, murdered 29 July 1999 Mavai Senathirajah, from August 1999 (replaces Dr. Neelan Tiruchelvam) |- | '''Total''' | align=right|'''132,461''' | align=right|'''1.60%''' | align=right|'''5''' | align=right|'''76.23%''' | |- |align=left colspan=6|Sources:<ref>{{cite web |title=Result of Parliamentary General Election 1994 |url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/Results_1994%20GENERAL%20ELECTION-SM01.PDF |publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006015411/http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/Results_1994%20GENERAL%20ELECTION-SM01.PDF |archive-date=6 October 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Senathirajah - new TULF MP |url=http://lakdiva.com/island/i990815/news.htm |date=15 August 1999 |publisher=The Island, Sri Lanka |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001182433/http://lakdiva.com/island/i990815/news.htm |archive-date=1 October 2008 }}</ref> |}

==2000 Parliamentary General Election== In the 2000 Sri Lankan parliamentary election, in which the People's Alliance, led by Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, retained power, the TULF won 1.23% of the popular vote and 5 out of 225 seats in the Sri Lankan parliament.

'''Votes and seats won by the TULF by electoral district''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Electoral District ! align=right|Votes ! align=right|% ! align=right|Seats ! align=right|Turnout ! TULF MPs |- | valign=top|Batticaloa | valign=top align=right|54,448 | valign=top align=right|29.20% | valign=top align=right|2 | valign=top align=right|71.74% | Joseph Pararajasingham Nimalan Soundaranayagam |- | valign=top|Jaffna | valign=top align=right|32,852 | valign=top align=right|27.59% | valign=top align=right|3 | valign=top align=right|21.32% | V. Anandasangaree Mavai Senathirajah S. Sivamaharajah |- | valign=top|Trincomalee | valign=top align=right|14,090 | valign=top align=right|10.58% | valign=top align=right|0 | valign=top align=right|68.52% | |- | valign=top|Vanni | valign=top align=right|4,643 | valign=top align=right|5.58% | valign=top align=right|0 | valign=top align=right|42.13% | |- | valign=top|National List | | | valign=top align=right|0 | | |- | '''Total''' | align=right|'''106,033''' | align=right|'''1.23%''' | align=right|'''5''' | align=right|'''75.62%''' |- |align=left colspan=6|Sources:<ref>{{cite web |title=Parliamentary General Election 10.10.2000, Final District Results |url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/District2000/district2000.html |publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805184625/http://www.slelections.gov.lk/District2000/district2000.html |archive-date=5 August 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=EPDP gets four seats in Jaffna |url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=5487 |date=11 October 2000|publisher=TamilNet}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pararajasingham elected on final count |url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=5488 |date=11 October 2000|publisher=TamilNet}}</ref> |}

==2001 Parliamentary General Election== {{Tamil National Alliance 2001 parliamentary election results}}

==Split== TULF President V. Anandasangaree, a critic of the Tamil Tigers, left the Tamil National Alliance when it took a pro-Tamil Tigers stance in the 2004 general election. Anandasangaree gained control of the TULF after a legal battle, forcing the TULF members who wanted to remain in the TNA to resurrect the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi, which is now a constituent party of the TNA.

==2004 Parliamentary General Election== The legal battle over the control of the TULF meant that the party, led by V. Anandasangaree, contested as an independent group and only in one electoral district in the 2004 Sri Lankan parliamentary election, winning 0.06% of the popular vote and no seats in the Sri Lankan parliament.

'''Votes and seats won by the TULF by electoral district''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" |- ! Electoral District !! valign=bottom|Votes !! valign=bottom|% !! valign=bottom|Seats !! valign=bottom|Turnout !! valign=bottom|TULF MPs |- | align=left|Jaffna || 5,156 || 1.82% || 0 || 47.38% || |- | align=left|'''Total''' || '''5,156''' || '''0.06%''' || '''0''' || '''75.96%''' || |- |align=left colspan=6|Source:{{cite web |title=Parliamentary General Election 2004, Final District Results |url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/District2004/district2004.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107100926/http://www.slelections.gov.lk/District2004/district2004.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 January 2009 |publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka }} |}

==2010 Parliamentary General Election== In the 2010 Sri Lankan parliamentary election, in which the United People's Freedom Alliance, led by Mahinda Rajapaksa, retained power, the TULF led, by V. Anandasangaree, won 0.11% of the popular vote and no seats in the Sri Lankan parliament.

'''Votes and seats won by the TULF by electoral district''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" |- ! Electoral District !! valign=bottom|Votes !! valign=bottom|% !! valign=bottom|Seats !! valign=bottom|Turnout !! valign=bottom|TULF MPs |- | align=left|Batticaloa || 4,424 || 2.45% || 0 || 58.56% || |- | align=left|Colombo || 834 || 0.09% || 0 || 65.03% || |- | align=left|Jaffna || 2,892 || 1.95% || 0 || 23.33% || |- | align=left|Vanni || 1,073 || 1.00% || 0 || 43.89% || |- | align=left|'''Total''' || '''9,223''' || '''0.11%''' || '''0''' || '''61.26%''' || |- |align=left colspan=6|Source:{{cite web|title=Parliamentary General Election – 2010|url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/parliamentary_elections/province.html|publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414123543/http://www.slelections.gov.lk/parliamentary_elections/province.html|archive-date=14 April 2010}} |}

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== * {{official|tulf.org}} * {{cite magazine|title=Separatist movement in Sri Lanka spearheaded by TULF takes a serious turn|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/neighbours/story/19790831-separatist-movement-in-sri-lanka-spearheaded-by-tulf-takes-a-serious-turn-822597-2014-02-26|date=31 August 1979|magazine=India Today}}

{{Sri Lankan political parties}} {{Sri Lankan Tamil people}} Category:Tamil United Liberation Front Category:1972 establishments in Sri Lanka Category:Political parties established in 1972 Category:Secessionist organizations in Asia Category:Tamil Eelam Category:Sri Lankan Tamil nationalist parties Category:Political parties of minorities in Sri Lanka