Techniques d'Avant Garde

{{Short description|Luxembourg aviation company}} {{Infobox company | name = TAG Group (Holdings) S.A. | logo = TAG logo.svg | logo_size = 200px | caption = | type = [[Privately held company|Private]] | traded_as = | fate = | predecessor = | successor = | foundation = {{Start date and age|1977}} | founder = [[Akram Ojjeh]] | defunct =  | location_city = [[Luxembourg City]] | location_country = Luxembourg | locations = | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = | industry = Aviation, Motorsports, Hospitality | products = | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | assets = | equity = | owner = | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage =  | footnotes = {{Sfn|Business Week|2012}} | intl = }} '''TAG Group (Holdings) S.A.''' is a private [[holding company]] based in [[Luxembourg City]], Luxembourg. The name 'TAG' is an [[acronym]] of '''Techniques d'Avant Garde'''. The company generates revenue through its various subsidiaries that offer products and services in the business aviation, [[motorsports]], [[Hospitality industry|hospitality]], consumer products and [[real estate]] industries.

==History== TAG was formed in 1977 by Syrian businessman [[Akram Ojjeh]] and was, until his death, led by Chief Executive Officer [[Mansour Ojjeh]], the son of the founder.{{Sfn|Business Week|2012}}

One of the first contracts obtained by TAG (Al Mansour, Ets. Akkram Ojjeh, dept. Housing TAG) came from the [[Saudi Government]] (presumably for the [[Royal Saudi Air Force]]) for works on airports in Riyadh, Tabuk and Khamis Musheit (Abha) (IATA: RUH, TUU and ABH) starting in 1977. A lot of works were subcontracted to the Belgian company CFE S.A., located in [[Brussels]], who leased a Boeing 707 from Sabena Airlines (callsign OO-SJH, mixed cargo/pax) to transport personnel and materials to/from [[Saudi Arabia]]. The OO-SJH carried the TAG logo on its tail for some 3 years.

In 1985, TAG Group (Holdings) S.A. purchased Swiss [[watchmaker]] Heuer. TAG Group combined the TAG and Heuer brands to create the [[TAG Heuer]] brand and also gave its newly acquired watchmaking subsidiary the combined TAG Heuer name. Under TAG Group's ownership, TAG Heuer modernized its product line and significantly increased worldwide sales. [[LVMH]] purchased the TAG Heuer subsidiary in 1999 for [[USD|US]] $740 million.{{Sfn|CNN Money|1999}} TAG Group is now primarily a holding company for Ojjeh's shareholdings in TAG Aviation and [[McLaren Group]].

'''TAG Aeronautics''' was the distributor of [[Bombardier Aerospace|Bombardier]] aircraft in the Middle East until January 2016.

Based in [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]], '''TAG Aviation''' is a provider of business aviation services, aircraft management, aircraft charter, maintenance, sales and acquisitions. TAG was a broker for and part owner of the AMI Jet Charter company in San Francisco that holds the FAA air carrier certificate to operate in the US. In late 2007 AMI Jet Charter's air carrier certificate was revoked by the FAA due to alleged operational control violations. However, there is ongoing speculation the FAA had other motives other than operational control.{{cn|date=June 2021}} The company now operates solely as a broker of aircraft. In August 2016, TAG Aviation signed a partnership with [[Stratajet]] to offer its customers TAG's fixed base operator (FBO) services as part of their booking options.

Their fleet comprises around 50 aircraft. Other than the already mentioned Bombardier, they also operate several [[Gulfstream Aerospace|Gulfstream]] models (three [[G650ER]], [[Gulfstream G600|G600]], [[Gulfstream G280|G280]], [[G450]], [[Gulfstream G550|G550]]), [[Dassault Falcon 6X]] and [[Dassault Falcon 7X|7X]], a [[Pilatus PC-24]] and two [[Embraer Phenom 300|Embraer Phenom 300E]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charter Fleet, Jet fleet, Range, Interior, Layout {{!}}The Fleet |url=https://www.tagaviation.com/en/charter/the-fleet |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=www.tagaviation.com |language=en}}</ref> The Embraer aircraft are available for charter flights in Zurich and Geneva.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yao |first=Mia |date=2023-05-31 |title=TAG Aviation Adds Four Aircraft to European Fleet |url=https://www.asianskygroup.com/tag-aviation-adds-four-aircraft-to-european-fleet-284/ |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=Asian Sky Group |language=en-US}}</ref> To facilitate their large fleet, in 2023 they began using Leon Software as their operating software.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Four more aircraft join the TAG Aviation fleet {{!}} Magazine {{!}} Business Air News |url=https://www.businessairnews.com/mag_story.html?ident=27773 |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=www.businessairnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Trautvetter |first=Chad |title=TAG Aviation Adds Aircraft, Partners with Leon Software {{!}} AIN |url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2023-05-30/tag-aviation-adds-aircraft-partners-leon-software |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=Aviation International News |language=en}}</ref>

'''TAG Farnborough Airport Ltd.''' is a subsidiary of TAG Aviation which used to own the freehold on [[Farnborough Airfield|Farnborough Airport]] southwest of [[London]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. The freehold was bought from the UK MOD [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] in 2007 following the previous 99 lease agreement signed in 1999. [[Farnborough Airfield|Farnborough Airport]] was then subsequently sold to Macquarie in 2019. In 2018, the CAA's decision to grant TAG's application for large controlled zones in a large swathe of airspace near Farnborough was to be investigated by the [[All-party parliamentary group|All-Party Parliamentary Group]] (APPG) on General Aviation. <ref>[https://www.flyer.co.uk/farnborough-airspace-decision-provokes-parliamentary-inquiry/ Flyer: Farnborough airspace decision provokes parliamentary inquiry]</ref>

===Motorsport=== {{Infobox F1 engine manufacturer | name = TAG | logo = | official_name = | base = | founders = | staff = | debut = [[1983 Dutch Grand Prix]] | final_race = [[1987 Australian Grand Prix]] | races = 68 | chassis = [[McLaren]] | cons_champ = 2 ({{F1|1984}}, {{F1|1985}}){{refn|group=note|All Constructors' Championships achieved by [[Porsche in Formula One|Porsche]]-built engines.}} | drivers_champ = 3 ({{F1|1984}}, {{F1|1985}}, {{F1|1986}}){{refn|group=note|All Drivers' Championships achieved by [[Porsche in Formula One|Porsche]]-built engines.}} | wins = 25{{refn|group=note|All race victories achieved by [[Porsche in Formula One|Porsche]]-built engines.}} | podiums = 54{{refn|group=note|All podiums achieved by [[Porsche in Formula One|Porsche]]-built engines.}} | points = 405.5{{refn|group=note|All points scored by [[Porsche in Formula One|Porsche]]-built engines.}} | poles = 7{{refn|group=note|All pole positions achieved by [[Porsche in Formula One|Porsche]]-built engines.}} | fastest_laps = 18{{refn|group=note|All fastest laps achieved by [[Porsche in Formula One|Porsche]]-built engines.}} }} TAG sponsored [[Formula One]] team [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] during the early 1980s, covering the period when team drivers [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]] and [[Keke Rosberg]] won the {{f1|1980}} and {{f1|1982}} World Championships respectively. During the 1983 season, Mansour Ojjeh had a meeting with [[McLaren]] team boss [[Ron Dennis]], who offered Ojjeh the chance of not just a sponsorship deal but having part ownership of McLaren. Ojjeh agreed and the McLaren relationship continues to this day, with the TAG Group currently owning 14% of [[McLaren Group]] until 2024.<ref name="mclaren-tag-bbc">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/44200260 |title=McLaren: Michael Latifi becomes 10% shareholder with £200m investment |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=2018-05-21 |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=2018-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-22 |title=Bahrain takes full control of supercar brand McLaren |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68639320 |access-date=2024-03-23 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Consequently TAG also has stakes in [[McLaren Group]]'s subsidiaries. McLaren's most famous companies include [[McLaren Racing]] and [[McLaren Automotive]]. From 1983 to 1987 the Porsche engines used in the McLaren F1 car were [[Rebadging|badged]] as TAG engines. During which time they won the 1984 and 1985 constructors' titles and 1984 to 1986 drivers' titles.

===Formula One engine results=== ([[:Template:F1 driver results legend 2|key]]) (results in '''bold''' indicate pole position; results in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap) {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%" |- ! Year ! Entrant ! Chassis ! Engine ! Tyres ! Drivers ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9 ! 10 ! 11 ! 12 ! 13 ! 14 ! 15 ! 16 ! Points ! WCC |- ! rowspan="3"| {{F1|1983}} ! rowspan="3"| [[McLaren|Marlboro McLaren International]] | rowspan="3"| [[McLaren MP4/1|McLaren MP4/1E]] | rowspan="3"| TAG ([[Porsche in motorsport|Porsche]]) TTE PO1 1.5 [[V6 engine|V6]] [[Turbocharger|t]] | rowspan="3"| {{Michelin}} || || [[1983 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]] || [[1983 United States Grand Prix West|USW]] || [[1983 French Grand Prix|FRA]] || [[1983 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]] || [[1983 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] || [[1983 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] || [[1983 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]] || [[1983 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]] || [[1983 British Grand Prix|GBR]] || [[1983 German Grand Prix|GER]] || [[1983 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]] || [[1983 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] || [[1983 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] || [[1983 European Grand Prix|EUR]] || [[1983 South African Grand Prix|RSA]] || !rowspan=3| 0 !rowspan=3| NC |- |style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]] | | | | | | | | | | | | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#cfcfff;"| 11{{sup|†}} | |- |style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]] | | | | | | | | | | | | | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#000; color:#fff;"| DSQ | |- ! rowspan="3"| {{F1|1984}} ! rowspan="3"| [[McLaren|Marlboro McLaren International]] | rowspan="3"| [[McLaren MP4/2]] | rowspan="3"| TAG ([[Porsche in motorsport|Porsche]]) TTE PO1 1.5 [[V6 engine|V6]] [[Turbocharger|t]] | rowspan="3"| {{Michelin}} || || [[1984 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]] || [[1984 South African Grand Prix|RSA]] || [[1984 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] || [[1984 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]] || [[1984 French Grand Prix|FRA]] || [[1984 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] || [[1984 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]] || [[1984 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]] || [[1984 Dallas Grand Prix|DAL]] || [[1984 British Grand Prix|GBR]] || [[1984 German Grand Prix|GER]] || [[1984 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]] || [[1984 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] || [[1984 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] || [[1984 European Grand Prix|EUR]] || [[1984 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]] | rowspan="3" style="background:#ffffbf;"|'''143.5''' | rowspan="3" style="background:#ffffbf;"|'''1st''' |- |style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]] | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#efcfff;"| ''Ret'' | style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''1'' | style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2 | style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''1'' | style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2 | style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''1'' | style="background:#dfffdf;"| 4 | style="background:#dfdfdf;"| ''2'' |- |style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]] | style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''1'' | style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1 | style="background:#cfcfff;"| ''7'' | style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''1'''<sup>‡</sup> | style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3 | style="background:#dfffdf;"| 4 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''''1''''' | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''1''' | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1 | style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1 |- ! rowspan="4"| {{F1|1985}} ! rowspan="4"| [[McLaren|Marlboro McLaren International]] | rowspan="4"| [[McLaren MP4/2|McLaren MP4/2B]] | rowspan="4"| TAG ([[Porsche in motorsport|Porsche]]) TTE PO1 1.5 [[V6 engine|V6]] [[Turbocharger|t]] | rowspan="4"| {{Goodyear}} || || [[1985 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]] || [[1985 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]] || [[1985 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]] || [[1985 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] || [[1985 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]] || [[1985 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]] || [[1985 French Grand Prix|FRA]] || [[1985 British Grand Prix|GBR]] || [[1985 German Grand Prix|GER]] || [[1985 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]] || [[1985 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] || [[1985 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] || [[1985 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] || [[1985 European Grand Prix|EUR]] || [[1985 South African Grand Prix|RSA]] || [[1985 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]] | rowspan="4" style="background:#ffffbf;"|'''90''' | rowspan="4" style="background:#ffffbf;"|'''1st''' |- |style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]] | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#dfffdf;"| 4 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#dfffdf;"| ''5'' | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#fff;"| DNS | | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret |- |style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | style="background:#cfcfff;"| 7 | | |- |style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]] | style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''1'' | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#000; color:#fff;"| DSQ | style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1 | style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3 | style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''1'' | style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2 | style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''''1''''' | style="background:#dfdfdf;"| ''2'' | style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1 | style="background:#ffdf9f;"| '''''3''''' | style="background:#dfffdf;"| 4 | style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret |- ! rowspan="3"| {{F1|1986}} ! rowspan="3"| [[McLaren|Marlboro McLaren International]] | rowspan="3"| [[McLaren MP4/2|McLaren MP4/2C]] | rowspan="3"| TAG ([[Porsche in motorsport|Porsche]]) TTE PO1 1.5 [[V6 engine|V6]] [[Turbocharger|t]] | rowspan="3"| {{Goodyear}} || || [[1986 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]] || [[1986 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]] || [[1986 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]] || [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] || [[1986 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] || [[1986 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]] || [[1986 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]] || [[1986 French Grand Prix|FRA]] || [[1986 British Grand Prix|GBR]] || [[1986 German Grand Prix|GER]] || [[1986 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]] || [[1986 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]] || [[1986 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] || [[1986 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]] || [[1986 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]] || [[1986 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]] | rowspan="3" style="background:#dfdfdf;"|'''96''' | rowspan="3" style="background:#dfdfdf;"|'''2nd''' |- |style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]] | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3 | style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1 | style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''''1''''' | style="background:#dfffdf;"| ''6'' | style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2 | style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3 | style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2 | style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3 | style="background:#dfffdf;"| 6{{sup|†}} | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1 | style="background:#000; color:#fff;"| DSQ | style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2 | style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2 | style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1 |- |style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Keke Rosberg]] | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#dfffdf;"| 4 | style="background:#dfffdf;"| 5{{sup|†}} | style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#dfffdf;"| 4 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#dfffdf;"| 4 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#dfffdf;"| '''5'''{{sup|†}} | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#cfcfff;"| 9{{sup|†}} | style="background:#dfffdf;"| 4 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret |- ! rowspan="3"| {{F1|1987}} ! rowspan="3"| [[McLaren|Marlboro McLaren International]] | rowspan="3"| [[McLaren MP4/3]] | rowspan="3"| TAG ([[Porsche in motorsport|Porsche]]) TTE PO1 1.5 [[V6 engine|V6]] [[Turbocharger|t]] | rowspan="3"| {{Goodyear}} || || [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]] || [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]] || [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] || [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] || [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]] || [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]] || [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]] || [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]] || [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]] || [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]] || [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] || [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]] || [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]] || [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]] || [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]] || [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]] | rowspan="3" style="background:#dfdfdf;"|'''76''' | rowspan="3" style="background:#dfdfdf;"|'''2nd''' |- |style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]] | style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''1'' | style="background:#cfcfff;"| 9{{sup|†}} | style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3 | style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#cfcfff;"| 7{{sup|†}} | style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3 | style="background:#dfffdf;"| 6 | style="background:#cfcfff;"| 15 | style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1 | style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#cfcfff;"| ''7'' | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret |- |style="text-align:left"| {{nowrap|{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Johansson]]}} | style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3 | style="background:#dfffdf;"| 4 | style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#cfcfff;"| 7 | style="background:#cfcfff;"| 8 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#cfcfff;"| 7 | style="background:#dfffdf;"| 6 | style="background:#dfffdf;"| 5 | style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret | style="background:#ffdf9f;"| 3 | style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret |- |}

;Notes: *{{sup|†}} – Driver did not finish the Grand Prix, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance. *{{sup|‡}} – Half points awarded as less than 75% of the race distance was completed.

===Other=== Other areas of business include advanced technology, real estate and consumer products.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}

==Footnotes== {{Reflist|group=note}}

==References== {{Reflist|30em}}

{{Refbegin}} *{{cite web |url = http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=8161409 |title = Company Overview of TAG Group (Holdings) S.A. |year = 2012 |work = investing.businessweek.com |publisher = Bloomberg L.P |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130602112946/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=8161409 |archive-date = 2013-06-02 |access-date = 2012-05-22 |quote = TAG Group (Holdings) S.A. was founded in 1977 and is based in Luxembourg, Luxembourg. |ref = {{SfnRef|Business Week|2012}} |url-status = dead }} *{{cite web |url = https://money.cnn.com/1999/09/13/europe/lvmh/ |title = TAG accepts LVMH bid |date = 1999-09-13 |work = money.cnn.com |publisher = Cable News Network |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120206172915/http://money.cnn.com/1999/09/13/europe/lvmh/ |archive-date = 2012-02-06 |access-date = 2012-05-22 |quote = ...TAG Heuer...said it would recommend a $740 million cash offer for all its shares by the French luxury goods company LVMH Moet Hennessy. |ref = {{SfnRef|CNN Money|1999}} |url-status = dead }} {{Refend}}

== External links == *[http://www.tagaviation.com/ TAG Aviation]

[[Category:Investment companies of Luxembourg]] [[Category:Companies based in Luxembourg City]] [[Category:Formula One engine manufacturers]]