{{Short description|Dutch public transport company}} {{Infobox company |name = |logo = Keolis Nederland logo.jpg |type = |traded_as = |founded = 1999 |founder = |hq_location_city = [[Deventer]] |hq_location_country = Netherlands |num_locations = |area_served = |key_people = |industry = [[Public transport]] |products = |services = |revenue = €125 million |operating_income = |net_income = |num_employees = 1,750 |divisions = |subsidiaries = |owner = [[Keolis]] |website = [https://www.keolis.nl/ www.keolis.nl/] }} [[File:Syntus Logo.svg|thumb|Logo of Syntus until 2016]] '''Keolis Nederland''' is a [[public transport]] company operating bus and passenger train services in the Netherlands. Originally created as '''Syntus''' and owned by [[Connexxion]], [[Keolis]] and [[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]], since 2012 Keolis Nederland has been a 100% subsidiary of Keolis. Syntus is an acronym for '''Syn'''ergy between '''T'''rain and B'''us'''.<ref name=brand>{{cite web|url=https://www.keolis.nl/over-keolis-nederland/wie-zijn-we|title=Wie zijn we (Who are we)|publisher=Keolis Nederland|access-date=8 February 2018|language=nl}}</ref><ref>[http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/main-line/syntus-in-financial-trouble.html?channel=000 Syntus in financial trouble?] ''[[International Railway Journal]]'' 10 May 2012</ref>
==History== [[File:Syntus 5201-III.JPG|thumb|[[Mercedes-Benz Citaro]] in October 2012]] [[File:Bus 3107.jpg|thumb|Syntus Twente [[VDL Citea]] in December 2013]] [[File:Syntus lint twents.JPG|thumb|Syntus Twente [[Alstom Coradia LINT]] in May 2007]] In 1991 Geldersche Streekvervoer Maatschappij (GSM) and the [[Nederlandse Spoorwegen|Dutch Railways]] started a transport integration project called Integratie Gelderland Oost. Integration between train and bus was the main goal. GSM later merged with Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf Arnhem to form Gelderse Vervoersmaatschappij.
In 1999 Syntus commenced rail operations, [[Connexxion]], [[Keolis]] and [[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]] each owning one-third.<ref>[http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/voith-wins-syntus-train-maintenance-contract.html Voith wins Syntus train maintenance contract] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725222036/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/voith-wins-syntus-train-maintenance-contract.html |date=2017-07-25 }} ''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' 1 September 2009</ref> In 2007 Connexxion's share was purchased by Keolis and Nederlandse Spoorwegen.<ref>[https://www.transdev.nl/data/upload/JV2007_ENG_LOW(1).pdf Annual report for year ended 31 December 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208123855/https://www.transdev.nl/data/upload/JV2007_ENG_LOW(1).pdf |date=8 February 2018 }} Connexxion</ref> In 2012 Keolis purchased Nederlandse Spoorwegen's 50% share.<ref>[http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/keolis-buys-ns-stake-in-syntus.html Keolis buys NS stake in Syntus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708030036/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/keolis-buys-ns-stake-in-syntus.html |date=2017-07-08 }} ''Railway Gazette International'' 6 August 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/financial/keolis-completes-syntus-takeover.html Keolis completes Syntus takeover] ''International Railway Journal'' 6 August 2012</ref>
In October 2017, Syntus was rebranded Keolis Nederland with a new visual identity.<ref name=brand/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ovpro.nl/bus/2017/10/09/naam-syntus-definitief-vervangen-door-keolis-nederland/|title=Naam Syntus definitief vervangen door Keolis Nederland|publisher=OV PRO|access-date=8 February 2018|language=nl}}</ref>
==Visgraatmodel== Syntus propagates synergy, which is based on a so-called 'visgraatmodel' (fish bone model). In this model train service represent the backbones. Bus services represent the spokes that feed train services. After a while other public transport companies like [[Arriva]] and [[Veolia Transport]] copied the model.
==Operations== In 2005, Syntus briefly operated a cross border service into Germany from [[Arnhem Centraal railway station|Arnhem]] to [[Emmerich station|Emmerich]].<ref>[http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/main-line/abellio-launches-new-arnhem-dusseldorf-service.html Abellio launches new Arnham - Dusseldorf service] ''International Railway Journal'' 10 April 2017</ref>
From December 2006 until December 2013, Syntus operated the [[Almelo railway station|Almelo]] to [[Mariënberg railway station|Mariënberg]] rail concession under sub-contract to [[Connexxion]].<ref>[http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/protos-emu-order.html Protos EMU order] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105202758/https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/protos-emu-order.html |date=2018-11-05 }} ''Railway Gazette International'' 1 April 2006</ref><ref>[https://www.transdev.nl/data/upload/JV2008_ENG.pdf Annual Report for year ended 31 December 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105160422/https://www.transdev.nl/data/upload/JV2008_ENG.pdf |date=5 November 2018 }} Connexxions</ref><ref>[http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/europe/veolia-transdev-to-sell-dutch-subsidiary.html Veolia Transdev to sell Dutch subsidiary] ''International Railway Journal'' 18 February 2013</ref>
In August 2010, Syntus commenced an eight-year contract to operate services in [[Overijssel]]. In December 2010, it commenced a 10-year contract to operate services in [[Gelderland]]. In December 2016, it commenced a seven-year contract to operate services in [[Utrecht]].<ref name=Keolis270916>[http://www.keolis.com/sites/default/files/atoms/files/press_release_-_netherlands_almere.pdf Syntus Keolis Group wins third contract in a row] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924033640/https://www.keolis.com/sites/default/files/atoms/files/press_release_-_netherlands_almere.pdf |date=2018-09-24 }} Keolis 27 September 2016</ref>
In December 2017, Keolis Nederland has commenced a ten-year contract to operate bus services in [[Almere]].<ref name=Keolis270916/> In the same month, it has commenced a 15-year contract to operate rail services in the province of [[Overijssel]] from [[Zwolle railway station|Zwolle]] to [[Enschede railway station|Enschede]] and Zwolle to [[Kampen railway station|Kampen]].<ref>[http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/syntus-wins-zwolle-operating-contract.html Syntus wins Zwolle operating contract] ''Railway Gazette International'' 17 June 2015</ref><ref>[https://www.europeanrailwayreview.com/24122/rail-industry-news/dutch-operator-syntus-awarded-zwolle-rail-contract/ Dutch operator Syntus awarded Zwolle rail contract] ''European Railway Review'' 22 June 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/main-line/ns-withdraws-appeal-against-zwolle-enschede-contract-award.html NS withdraws appeal against Zwolle - Enschede contract award] ''International Railway Journal'' 1 October 2015</ref> These will be operated by 16 [[Stadler Flirt]]s.<ref>[http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/syntus-orders-flirts-for-zwolle-services.html Syntus orders Flirts for Zwolle services] ''Railway Gazette International'' 2 March 2016</ref>
==Branding== Syntus' corporate identity consisted of the colors yellow, white and blue. Every region has its own identity incorporated in the corporate identity. The Syntus brand was retired in 2017 and replaced by the Keolis brand.<ref>[http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/rolling-stock/stadler-emus-enter-service-with-dutch-operators.html Stadler EMUs enter service with Dutch operators] ''International Railway Journal'' 14 December 2016</ref><ref name=brand/>
==References== {{Reflist|2}}
==External links== {{commons category-inline}}
{{Keolis}} {{Transdev}}
[[Category:Deventer]] [[Category:Keolis]] [[Category:Nederlandse Spoorwegen]] [[Category:Companies based in Overijssel]] [[Category:Railway companies of the Netherlands]] [[Category:Transdev]] [[Category:Transport companies established in 1999]] [[Category:Transport in the Netherlands]] [[Category:1999 establishments in the Netherlands]]