Swartzia

{{Short description|Genus of legumes}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Swartzia langsdorffii - Jardim Botânico de São Paulo - IMG 0378.jpg |image_caption = ''Swartzia langsdorffii'' |taxon = Swartzia |authority = Schreb. (1791), nom. cons. |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = See text |synonyms = * ''Gynanthistrophe'' {{small|Poit. ex DC. (1825)}} * ''Hoelzelia'' {{small|Neck. (1790), opus utique oppr.}} * ''Huertia'' {{small|Mutis (1957)}} * ''Possira'' Aubl. (1775) * ''Possura'' {{small|Aubl. ex Steud. (1841), not validly publ.}} * ''Rittera'' Schreb. (1789) * ''Riveria'' Kunth (1825) * ''Tounatea'' Aubl. (1775), nom. rej. * ''Tunatea'' {{small|Kuntze (1891), orth. var.}} | synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325973-2 ''Swartzia'' Schreb.] ''Plants of the World Online''. Retrieved 21 September 2023.</ref> }}

'''''Swartzia''''' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, where it occurs primarily in lowland rainforests, but also in savannas, pre-montane forests, and tropical dry forests. While it can be found throughout the wet lowlands from Mexico and the Caribbean islands to southern Brazil and Bolivia, ''Swartzia'' is most abundant and species-rich in Amazonia, where 10–20 species may co-occur at a single site. The species of ''Swartzia'' are mostly trees, ranging from small understory treelets to large canopy emergents. Some species, especially in savannas, are mult-stemmed shrubs.

==Fossil record== Many ''Swartzia'' fossils from the middle Eocene epoch are known from the United States. 5 fossil dehiscent seed pods and 50 fossil leaflets have been described from the Warman and Lawrence clay pits in Weakley and the Henry Counties, Tennessee. In addition 6 leaflets have been described from the New Lawrence and Miller clay pits in Henry County, Tennessee.<ref>The Fossil History of Leguminosae from the Eocene of Southeastern North America by Patrick S. Herendeen, Advances in Legume Systematics: Part 4, The Fossil Record, Ed. P.S. Herendeen & Dilcher, 1992, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, {{ISBN|0 947643 40 0}}</ref>

==List of species== More than 200 species have been described:<ref name = powo/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&genus~Swartzia&species~ | title = ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for ''Swartzia'' | author =  | website = International Legume Database & Information Service | publisher = Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics | access-date = 30 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?11740 | title = GRIN species records of ''Swartzia'' | author = USDA | author-link = USDA | author2 = ARS | author2-link = Agricultural Research Service | author3 = National Genetic Resources Program | date = | website = Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database] | publisher = National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland | access-date = 30 January 2014 }}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=300px}} * ''Swartzia acreana'' R. S. Cowan * ''Swartzia acuminata'' {{small|Willd. ex Vogel}} * ''Swartzia acutifolia'' Vogel   * ''Swartzia alatosericea'' Barneby * ''Swartzia alternifoliolata'' Mansano * ''Swartzia amabale'' {{small|Torke, L.K.Ruíz & Mansano}} * ''Swartzia amazonica'' S.Moore * ''Swartzia amplifolia'' Harms * ''Swartzia amshoffiana'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia angustifolia'' Schery * ''Swartzia anomala'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia apetala'' Raddi ** var. ''apetala'' Raddi ** var. ''glabra'' (Vogel) R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia apiculata'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia aptera'' DC. * ''Swartzia arborescens'' (Aubl.) Pittier  * ''Swartzia arenophila'' {{small|R.B.Pinto, Torke & Mansano}} * ''Swartzia argentea'' Spruce ex Benth.  * ''Swartzia auriculata'' Poepp. * ''Swartzia aymardii'' Barneby * ''Swartzia bahiensis'' R. S. Cowan * ''Swartzia bannia'' Sandwith * ''Swartzia barnebyana'' Cuello * ''Swartzia benthamiana'' Miq.   * ''Swartzia bombycina'' R. S. Cowan * ''Swartzia brachyrachis'' Harms     * ''Swartzia buntingii'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia cabrerae'' R.S.Cowan  * ''Swartzia calva'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia canescens'' Torke<ref name="Torke1">{{cite journal | author = Torke BM | year = 2007 | title = Three new species of ''Swartzia'' (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) from northern South America | journal = Bot J Linn Soc | volume = 153 | issue = 3 | pages = 343–355 | doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00587.x | doi-access = free }}</ref> * ''Swartzia capixabensis'' {{small|Mansano}} * ''Swartzia capparioides'' Klotzsch (unplaced) * ''Swartzia cardiosperma'' Spruce ex Benth. * ''Swartzia caribaea'' Griseb. * ''Swartzia caudata'' R. S. Cowan    * ''Swartzia colombiana'' (R. S. Cowan) Torke<ref name="Torke2">{{cite journal | author = Torke BM | year = 2007 | title = New Combinations and Species-level Synonyms in ''Swartzia'' (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) | journal = Novon | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 110–119 | doi = 10.3417/1055-3177(2007)17[110:NCASSI]2.0.CO;2 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/17533 }}</ref> * ''Swartzia conferta'' Spruce ex Benth.  * ''Swartzia coriaceifolia'' {{small|Torke}} * ''Swartzia corrugata'' Benth. * ''Swartzia costata'' (Rusby) R. S. Cowan * ''Swartzia cowanii'' Steyerm.  * ''Swartzia cubensis'' (Britton & P. Wilson) Standl.—''katalox''<ref name="Aguirre-BravoVilla-Salas1996">{{cite book |vauthors=Aguirre-Bravo C, Villa-Salas AB | title = Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management: Fifth Mexico–U. S. Biennial Symposium | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jE-C3C8ekSsC&pg=PA58 | access-date = 16 April 2011 | date = June 1996 | publisher = DIANE Publishing | isbn = 978-0-7881-2978-0 | pages = 58–68 }}</ref> * ''Swartzia cupavenensis'' R. S. Cowan * ''Swartzia curranii'' R. S. Cowan * ''Swartzia cuspidata'' Spruce ex Benth.  * ''Swartzia davisii'' Sandwith * ''Swartzia decidua'' {{small|Torke & Á.J.Pérez}}   * ''Swartzia dipetala'' Willd. ex Vogel * ''Swartzia discocarpa'' Ducke    * ''Swartzia duckei'' Huber  * ''Swartzia emarginata'' (Ducke) Torke<ref name="Torke2" /> * ''Swartzia eriocarpa'' Benth.  * ''Swartzia euxylophora'' Rizzini & A.Mattos * ''Swartzia fanshawei'' R. S. Cowan * ''Swartzia fimbriata'' Ducke  * ''Swartzia flaemingii'' Raddi  * ''Swartzia flavescens'' {{small|Suess.}} * ''Swartzia floribunda'' Benth. * ''Swartzia foliolosa'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia fraterna'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia froesii'' R.S.Cowan  * ''Swartzia gigantea'' R.S.Cowan  * ''Swartzia glabrata'' (R.S.Cowan) Torke<ref name="Torke2" /> * ''Swartzia glazioviana'' (Taub.) Glaz. ex R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia gracilis'' Pipoly & A.Rudas Lleras  * ''Swartzia grandifolia'' Bong. ex Benth.  * ''Swartzia guatemalensis'' (Donn.Sm.) Pittier * ''Swartzia guianensis'' (Aubl.) Urb. * ''Swartzia haughtii'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia hilairiana'' {{small|Mansano & Torke}} * ''Swartzia hostmannii'' Benth.  * ''Swartzia humboldtiana'' Cuello * ''Swartzia ingens'' {{small|Barneby}} * ''Swartzia ingifolia'' Ducke * ''Swartzia iniridensis'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia invenusta'' Barneby * ''Swartzia jenmanii'' Sandwith * ''Swartzia jimenezii'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia jororii'' Harms * ''Swartzia juruana'' Torke * ''Swartzia kaieteurensis'' (R.S.Cowan) Torke<ref name="Torke2" /> * ''Swartzia katawa'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia klugii'' (R.S.Cowan) Torke<ref name="Torke2" /> * ''Swartzia krukovii'' R.S.Cowan  * ''Swartzia laevicarpa'' Amshoff * ''Swartzia lamellata'' Ducke * ''Swartzia langsdorffii'' Raddi * ''Swartzia latifolia'' Benth. * ''Swartzia laurifolia'' Benth. * ''Swartzia laxiflora'' Bong. ex Benth.  * ''Swartzia leiocalycina'' Benth. * ''Swartzia leiogyne'' (Sandwith) Cowan * ''Swartzia leptopetala'' Benth. * ''Swartzia linharensis'' Mansano * ''Swartzia littlei'' R. S. Cowan  * ''Swartzia longicarpa'' Amshoff  * ''Swartzia longipedicellata'' Sandwith * ''Swartzia longistipitata'' Ducke * ''Swartzia lucida'' R. S. Cowan  * ''Swartzia macrocarpa'' Benth. * ''Swartzia macrophylla'' Vogel * ''Swartzia macrosema'' Harms  * ''Swartzia macrostachya'' Benth.  * ''Swartzia magdalenae'' Britton & Killip * ''Swartzia maguirei'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia manausensis'' Torke<ref name="Torke1" /> * ''Swartzia mangabalensis'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia maquenqueana'' N.Zamora & D.Solano * ''Swartzia martii'' Eichler   * ''Swartzia mazaganensis'' Ledoux   * ''Swartzia mexicana'' M. Sousa & R. Grether * ''Swartzia micrantha'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia microcarpa'' Benth. * ''Swartzia microstylis'' {{small|Benth.}}   * ''Swartzia monachiana'' R.S.Cowan  * ''Swartzia mucronifera'' R. S. Cowan * ''Swartzia multijuga'' Vogel * ''Swartzia multijuga'' {{small|Vogel}} * ''Swartzia mutisii'' {{small|Britton & Killip}} * ''Swartzia myrtifolia'' Sm. ** var. ''elegans'' (Schott) R. S. Cowan ** var. ''myrtifolia'' Sm. * ''Swartzia nicaraguensis'' {{small|(Britton & Rose) Standl.}} * ''Swartzia nuda'' Schery * ''Swartzia oblanceolata'' Sandwith * ''Swartzia oblata'' R. S. Cowan * ''Swartzia oblonga'' Benth. * ''Swartzia obscura'' Huber  * ''Swartzia oedipus'' Barneby  * ''Swartzia oraria'' R. S. Cowan * ''Swartzia oriximinaensis'' R. S. Cowan * ''Swartzia oscarpintoana'' Pipoly & Rudas * ''Swartzia pachyphylla'' Harms * ''Swartzia palustris'' Barneby * ''Swartzia panacoco'' (Aubl.) R.S.Cowan   * ''Swartzia parvifolia'' Schery * ''Swartzia parvipetala'' (R.S.Cowan) Mansano * ''Swartzia pendula'' Benth.  * ''Swartzia pernitida'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia peruviana'' (R.S.Cowan) Torke<ref name="Torke2" /> * ''Swartzia phaneroptera'' Standl. * ''Swartzia piarensis'' R. S. Cowan * ''Swartzia pickelii'' Ducke * ''Swartzia picramnioides'' Standl. & L.O.Williams ex Torke & N.Zamora * ''Swartzia picta'' Benth. * ''Swartzia pilulifera'' Benth. * ''Swartzia pinheiroana'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia pinnata'' (Vahl) Willd. * ''Swartzia pittieri'' Schery  * ''Swartzia polita'' (R.S.Cowan) Torke<ref name="Torke2" />   * ''Swartzia polyphylla'' DC. * ''Swartzia prancei'' Torke & Mansano * ''Swartzia prolata'' R.S.Cowan  * ''Swartzia psilonema'' {{small|Harms}}  * ''Swartzia racemosa'' Benth.  * ''Swartzia radiale'' {{small|Torke, L.K.Ruíz & Mansano}} * ''Swartzia ramiflora'' Torke<ref name="Torke1" />  * ''Swartzia recurva'' Poepp. * ''Swartzia rediviva'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia remigera'' Amshoff * ''Swartzia reticulata'' Ducke * ''Swartzia riedelii'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia robiniifolia'' Vogel * ''Swartzia roraimae'' Sandwith * ''Swartzia rosea'' Mart. ex Benth.<ref name="Torke2" />  * ''Swartzia rugosa'' {{small|Torke & Mansano}} * ''Swartzia santanderensis'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia schomburgkii'' Benth. ** var. ''rigida'' R. S. Cowan ** var. ''schomburgkii'' Benth. * ''Swartzia schultesii'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia schunkei'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia sericea'' Vogel  * ''Swartzia simplex'' (Sw.) Spreng. ** var. ''grandiflora'' (Raddi) Cowan ** var. ''ochnaceae'' (DC.) R. S. Cowan ** var. ''simplex'' (Sw.) Spreng.   * ''Swartzia sprucei'' Benth. * ''Swartzia standleyi'' {{small|(Britton & Rose) Standl.}} * ''Swartzia steyermarkii'' R.S.Cowan   * ''Swartzia submarginata'' (Benth.) Mansano * ''Swartzia submontana'' {{small|R.B.Pinto, Torke & Mansano}} * ''Swartzia subspicata'' Klotzsch (unplaced) * ''Swartzia sumorum'' Ant.Molina * ''Swartzia surinamensis'' Klotzsch (unplaced)  * ''Swartzia tessmannii'' Harms  * ''Swartzia thomasii'' {{small|R.B.Pinto, Torke & Mansano}} * ''Swartzia tillettii'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia tomentifera'' (Ducke) Ducke * ''Swartzia trianae'' Benth.  * ''Swartzia trinitensis'' Urb.   * ''Swartzia triptera'' Barneby * ''Swartzia ulei'' Harms  * ''Swartzia vaupesiana'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia velutina'' Spruce ex Benth. * ''Swartzia versicolor'' {{small|Torke, L.K.Ruíz & Mansano}}   * ''Swartzia wurdackii'' R.S.Cowan * ''Swartzia xanthopetala'' Sandwith * ''Swartzia yasuniensis'' {{small|Torke & Á.J.Pérez}} * ''Swartzia zeledonensis'' Torke & N. Zamora {{div col end}}

Recent phylogenetic analyses have revealed several well-supported clades within ''Swartzia'' that roughly correspond to previously-erected sections and series in the genus.<ref name="Torke3">{{cite journal |vauthors=Torke BM, Schaal BA | year = 2008 | title = Molecular phylogenetics of the species-rich neotropical genus ''Swartzia'' (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) and related genera of the swartzioid clade | journal = Am J Bot | volume = 95 | issue = 2 | pages = 215–228 | doi=10.3732/ajb.95.2.215| pmid = 21632346 }}</ref>

===''Nomina dubia''=== The following species may or may not be valid:<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Leguminosae/Swartzia/ | title = The Plant List entry for ''Swartzia'' | author =  | date = | website = The Plant List | publisher = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden | access-date = 31 January 2014 }}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=300px}} * ''Swartzia arenarium'' Ducke * ''Swartzia flabellipetala'' Pittier * ''Swartzia microcalyx'' Ducke * ''Swartzia shnilis'' Benoist {{div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * {{Commons category-inline}} * [https://archive.today/20130415163922/http://sweetgum.nybg.org/legumes/swartzia/index.php The ''Swartzia'' Pages]

Category:Swartzia Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Category:Fabaceae genera Category:Flora of the Neotropical realm