{{Infobox deity | type = Hindu | name = Surapadma | image = Muruga defeats Surapadman.jpg | caption = Murugan defeats Surapadman. | texts = Skanda Purana | parents = Kashyapa (father), Maya (mother) | spouse = Padmakomalai | children = Banukopan, Iraniyan, various other sons | siblings = Tarakasura }}{{Short description|Asura in Hinduism}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''Surapadma''' ({{Langx|sa|शूरपद्मा}}), '''Surapadman''' ({{langx|ta|சூரபத்மன்}}) is an asura featured in Hindu literature. He is the son of the sage Kashyapa and a shakti named Maya.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Handelman |first=Don |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bWJTAQAAQBAJ&dq=surapadman+murugan&pg=PA36 |title=One God, Two Goddesses, Three Studies of South Indian Cosmology |date=2013-09-25 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-25739-9 |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref> He wages war against the devas by invading Devaloka with a massive army.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mani |first=Vettam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mvXsDwAAQBAJ&dq=Surapadma+surasa&pg=PA767 |title=Puranic Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive Work with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature |date=2015-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0597-2 |pages=767 |language=en}}</ref> He is defeated by Murugan, and according to Tamil tradition, turned into his vahana, the peacock. He is the brother of Tarakasura.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6F0ZIBIL2ZAC|title=Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas|first=Swami|last=Parmeshwaranand|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=8176252263|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6F0ZIBIL2ZAC/page/n44 38]|year=2001}}</ref> His eldest son is Banukopan.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kmVZBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT644|title=Kingdom of Shiva|author=Sivkishen|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd|year=2015|page=644|isbn=9788128830280}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AevljBmCRQC&pg=PA170|title=The Many Faces of Murukan̲: The History and Meaning of a South Indian God|publisher=Walter De Gruyter|first=Fred|last=W. Clothey|isbn=9789027976321|page=170|year=1978}}</ref>
==Legend== The Skanda Puranam, the Tamil iteration of the Skanda Purana, describes the legend of Surapadma. He is said to have engaged in intense austerities to propitiate the deity Shiva, who appeared to grant the asura a boon. He asked for the boon of living for 108 yugas, and reign over the 1008 worlds. He marries Padmakomalai, with whom he sired several sons, the eldest of whom is Banukopan. Establishing his capital at a city named Viramakendiram located at the eastern sea, he ruled the world. An enemy of the devas, he started to harass them, and attacked a number of Indra's sons. He also desired Indrani, the wife of Indra. When Indra and his wife fled to the earth, Murugan sent his messenger named Viravakutevar to urge Surapadma to cease his activities, but to no avail. Murugan declared war on Surapadma, and in the ensuing battle, all of the latter's sons except Iraniyan were slain. Unwilling to concede his defeat, Surapadma retreated to the sea, assuming the form of a mango tree. Murugan sliced the tree in twain, from which emerged a cock and a peacock. The deity started to employ the cock as his battle standard, and the peacock as his mount.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&dq=surapadman+asura&pg=PT1190 |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |date=2014-04-18 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-277-9 |pages=1190 |language=en}}</ref>
Tiruchendur is identified by adherents as the site Surapadma is slain by Murugan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lD_2J7W_2hQC&dq=surapadman+murugan&pg=PA821 |title=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations |date=2011-09-13 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-206-7 |pages=821 |language=en}}</ref>
In Tamil tradition, Surapadma is conceived with the same origin as Tarakasura, the asura who necessitates the birth of a son of Shiva, Murugan. The slaying of Surapadma by Murugan is also described to mark the onset of the Kali Yuga.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Belle |first=Carl Vadivella |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kB1qDwAAQBAJ&dq=surapadman+murugan&pg=PT189 |title=Thaipusam in Malaysia |date=2018-02-14 |publisher=Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. |isbn=978-981-4786-66-9 |pages=189 |language=en}}</ref> The downfall of Surapadma is the legend behind the occasion of the festival of Thaipusam.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Juergensmeyer |first1=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B105DQAAQBAJ&dq=surapadman+murugan&pg=PA1267 |title=Encyclopedia of Global Religion |last2=Roof |first2=Wade Clark |date=2012 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-0-7619-2729-7 |pages=1267 |language=en}}</ref>
==See also==
* Tarakasura * Jalandhara * Banasura
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *http://www.murugan.org/gallery/kanda_puranam/html/kp_12.htm *http://murugan.org/gallery/kanda_puranam/html/kp_17.htm *http://tiruchendur.org/das-article.htm
{{HinduMythology}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Surapadma}} Category:Asura Category:Kartikeya