Sur (magazine)

{{Other uses|SUR (disambiguation)}} {{Short description|Former literary magazine in Argentina}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}} {{Infobox magazine | logo = | logo_size =  | image_file = Revistasur.jpg | image_size =  | image_alt = | image_caption = Cover of ''Sur'', 1952 | editor =  | editor_title =  | previous_editor = | staff_writer = | photographer = | category = Literary | frequency = | format = Magazine | circulation = | publisher = | founder = | founded = | firstdate = 1931 | finaldate = 1992 | finalnumber = | company = | country = Argentina | based = Buenos Aires | language = Spanish | website =  | issn = | oclc = }} [[File:Victoria Ocampo y Sur.jpg|thumb|190px|Literary critic Victoria Ocampo and a copy of her journal, ''SUR''.]] '''''Sur''''' was a literary magazine published in Buenos Aires between 1931 and 1992.

==History and profile== ''Sur'' was first published in 1931,<ref name="mar">{{cite journal|author=Maria Belén Hernández-González|title=The Construction of the Memory of Italy in Argentina through a Choice of Translated Essays|journal=CALL: Irish Journal for Culture, Arts, Literature and Language|date=2016|volume=1|issue=1|url=http://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=priamls}}</ref><ref name="jking"/> with the assistance of a multidisciplinary team of collaborators. Its founder and main backer was Victoria Ocampo,<ref name="jking">{{cite journal|author=John King |title=Towards a Reading of the Argentine Literary Magazine Sur|journal=Latin American Research Review|date=1981 |volume=16|issue=2|pages=57–78|jstor=2503125}}</ref> and it was supported intellectually by the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset. Many of the earliest editions of ''Sur'' carry the colophon of Ortega's ''Revista de Occidente''. Notable contributors and sometime editors included Jorge Luis Borges, H.A. Murena, José Bianco, Raimundo Lida, Adolfo Bioy Casares and Borges' Spanish brother-in-law Guillermo de Torre.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Latin American and Caribbean Literature, 1900–2003|author1=Daniel Balderston|author2=Mike Gonzalez|publisher=Routledge Books|year=2004|isbn=9781134399604 |page=555}}</ref>

The final issue of the magazine, no. 371, was published in 1992,<ref name="mar"/><ref>{{cite journal|author=Camila Sutherland|title="El pájaro de cuatro notas": the reception of Argentine women writers and artists' work in avant-garde magazines (1920–1930)|journal=Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies|date=2017|volume=23 |issue=3|pages=399–416|doi=10.1080/14701847.2017.1385224|s2cid=165199438}}</ref> several years after Victoria's death in 1979. In the last twenty-six years of its existence, the publication of each issue became increasingly spaced out. Thus, during its peak, between 1931 and 1966, 305 issues of the magazine were published, whereas in the following twenty-six years only 67 issues were published.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&doc_number=001218322&local_base=GENER |title=Sur |website=catalogo.bn.gov.ar |access-date=3 June 2020 |quote=Colección digitalizada en texto completo de la revista Sur (1931–1992)}}</ref>

== Political and philosophical stance == At the time, it had a clear anti-Nazi profile. Its financial problems simultaneously increased due to its large investments in ''Sur'', with a net loss of 85,000 Argentine pesos on the 25th anniversary of the magazine.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ayerza de Castilho |first=Odile Felgine |title=Biografía |publisher=Sudamericana |location=Argentina}}</ref>

José Bianco served as editorial secretary between 1938 and 1961, when Victoria Ocampo decided to remove him from his post following his visit to Cuba, where the Cuban Revolution had triumphed, and his participation as a juror in the Casa de las Américas Prize, to which Ocampo had not been invited. This conception of objectives opposed both the aesthetic and ideological work of Victoria Ocampo.<ref>http://www.utdt.edu/ver_contenido.php?id_contenido=8409&id_item_menu=16362</ref> The magazine rivalled ''Contorno'', by Ismael and David Viñas, which positioned itself against "the establishment of the cultural oligarchy of the magazine Sur".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edant.clarin.com/suplementos/cultura/2005/03/05/u-931982.htm |title=Copia archivada |access-date=15 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104055114/http://edant.clarin.com/suplementos/cultura/2005/03/05/u-931982.htm |archive-date=4 November 2016 }}</ref>

''Sur'' adopted a clearly anti-Peronist stance. The Peronist critic Daniel Santoro expressed this view in 2006: {{quote|"Gauchos, rural labourers, housemaids, Buenos Aires workers and provincial morenos were [supposedly] a mass prone to excesses and to tastes ''not homologated'', a heavy burden of deep America that threatened to invert the direction of the ''Sur vector'', represented on the cover of the magazine, which at the time exercised cultural and good-taste commissariat. The vector in the logo of this magazine pointed south from the north, symbolically showing the accepted direction for influences and homologations. The set of political and cultural innovations brought by Peronism constituted an undesirable aesthetic programme capable of inverting the direction of the vector of influences, which would provoke a contaminating reflux toward the ''active waters of postwar modernity''"<ref>{{cite book |title=Sur: estudio de la revista literaria argentina y de su papel en el desarrollo de una cultura, 1931-1970 |year=1989 |publisher=Fondo de Cultura Económica |location=Mexico |isbn=9789681632571 }}</ref>}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *{{Commons-inline}} *[http://gdc.gale.com/products/sur-1931-1992/ Complete archive of ''Sur'' publications], from Gale Digital Collections *[http://trapalanda.bn.gov.ar/jspui/handle/123456789/11370/ Digitalization of ''Sur'' publications], from Biblioteca National

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sur (Magazine)}} Category:1931 establishments in Argentina Category:1992 disestablishments in Argentina Category:Defunct literary magazines Category:Defunct magazines published in Argentina Category:Jorge Luis Borges Category:Literary magazines published in Argentina Category:Magazines established in 1931 Category:Magazines established in 1992 Category:Magazines published in Buenos Aires Category:Defunct Spanish-language magazines