{{Short description|American theatrical attraction manufacturer}} {{Infobox company | name = The Sudden Impact!<br/>Entertainment Company | logo = 146px|alt=The Sudden Impact! Entertainment Company logo | caption = | type = | genre = | fate = | predecessor = | successor = | foundation = 1991 | founder = Lynton V. Harris | defunct = | location_city = New York City | location_country = United States | location = | locations = | area_served = | key_people = Lynton V. Harris (Chairman & CEO)<br>Dominic McChesney (Assistant Director)<ref name="I am a ghoul teacher"/><ref name="Monster Mania"/><ref name="A place to make you scream"/> | industry = Theatrical attractions and shows | products = | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | aum = | assets = | equity = | owner = | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = {{Official website|http://www.suddenimpactentertainment.com/}} | footnotes = | intl = }}
The '''''Sudden Impact! Entertainment Company''''' is an entertainment company based in New York City, United States. The company has created temporary and permanent scare attractions for amusement parks and traveling carnivals across the globe.
==History== The ''Sudden Impact! Entertainment Company'' was founded in 1991 by Lynton V. Harris.<ref name="Attractions Management" /> Harris was born in Australia and began his career as a DJ at age 15.<ref name="Attractions Management" /><ref name="Laughter is the key"/> From there he worked up the ranks to be marketing director for 10 Australian radio stations.<ref name="Attractions Management" /> In 1991, he travelled to the United States and discovered the money that could be made in entertainment attractions. Harris started the ''Sudden Impact! Entertainment Company'' with an aim of operating attractions at Madison Square Gardens in New York City. In 1996, the company began a four-year season of Madison SCARE Gardens selling approximately 250,000 tickets.<ref name="Attractions Management" /><ref name="Laughter is the key"/>
In the early 2000s, the company was ready to open their attractions in Washington, however, due to the September 11 attacks and the Beltway sniper attacks (in 2001 and 2002 respectively), these plans were shelved costing the company and Harris millions.<ref name="Attractions Management" /><ref name="Haunted houses not always ghoul mines">{{cite news|title=Haunted houses not always ghoul mines|url=https://news.google.com.au/newspapers?id=lPohAAAAIBAJ&sjid=aKMFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1696,3932961&dq=sudden-impact-entertainment&hl=en|access-date=24 November 2010|newspaper=Reading Eagle|date=4 June 2006|author=The Associated Press}}</ref><ref name="Big scares are big business">{{cite news|last=Squires|first=Chase|title=Big scares are big business|url=https://news.google.com.au/newspapers?id=2DEzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0ggGAAAAIBAJ&pg=6616,2334940&dq=sudden-impact-entertainment&hl=en|access-date=24 November 2010|newspaper=The Free Lance-Star|date=8 June 2006}}</ref> Sudden Impact began to focus on attractions in Australia with the opening of several temporary attractions at amusement parks and traveling carnivals.<ref name="Attractions Management"/><ref name=Nightmares /><ref name="Chill with Scaremaster" /><ref name="Parkz Lara"/> In 2009, the company began to deviate from the standard scare attractions with the opening of themed indoor laser skirmish games such as AVPX at Dreamworld.<ref name="AVPX"/><ref name="2010 Royal Adelaide" /><ref name="ParkWorld Terminator X" /><ref name="Sunway Terminator" />
==Attractions== {{Expand list|date=February 2011}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Name !! colspan="2" | Location !! Opened !! Closed !! Notes |- | Angoscia || Dreamworld || Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia || {{start date|2006|12|26}} || {{end date|2007|7|7}} || <ref name="Nightmares">{{Parkz|ride_name=Nightmares|location=Dreamworld|parkz_number=225|accessdate=7 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="Chill with Scaremaster">{{cite news|last=Brook|first=Lucy|title=Chill with Scaremaster|url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/entertainment/chill-with-scaremaster/story-e6freq7f-1111112764790|access-date=24 November 2010|newspaper=Courier Mail|date=1 January 2007}}</ref> |- | AVPX || Dreamworld || Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia || {{Start date|2009|4|10}} || {{end date|2013|3|31}} || <ref name="AVPX">{{Parkz|ride_name=AVPX|location=Dreamworld|parkz_number=1110|accessdate=7 November 2010}}</ref><ref name=AVPXClosed>{{cite web|title=Timeline Photos|url=http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151360448103613|publisher=Facebook|access-date=1 April 2013|date=31 March 2013}}</ref> |- | Chamber Live: Serial Killers || Madame Tussauds London || Central London, England || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="Interview - Tussauds Group" /><ref name="Screamie Awards" /> |- | Chamber of Horrors Live || Madame Tussauds London || Central London, England || Early {{start date|2003}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="Interview - Tussauds Group" /> |- | Freakshow 3D || Thorpe Park || Surrey, England || {{start date|2002|10}} || {{end date|2005|08}} || <ref name="Interview - Tussauds Group" /> |- | Freddy's Nightmare maze || Warner Bros. Movie World || Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia || {{start date|2010|10|8}} || {{end date|2010|10|31}} || <ref name="MW 2010"/> |- | rowspan="3" | The Freezer || Dreamworld || Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia || {{start date|2006|12|26}} || {{end date|2007|7|7}} || <ref name="Nightmares"/><ref name="Chill with Scaremaster" /> |- | Thorpe Park || Surrey, England || {{start date|2002|10}} || {{end date|2004|10}} || <ref name="Interview - Tussauds Group">{{cite web|title=Lynton V. Harris: The mazes he designed for the Tussauds Group |url=http://hauntedattractions.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=328&Itemid=74|access-date=7 November 2010}}</ref> |- | Madison Square Garden || New York City, United States || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="ParkWorld Lynton Interview">{{cite web|title=Lynton V Harris - top tips for attractions operators |url=http://parkworld-online.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/1850/Lynton_V_Harris_-_top_tips_for_attractions_operators.html|publisher=Park World Online|access-date=21 November 2010|date=5 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="Parks Haunted By Growth Of Horror Attractions" /> |- | The Fright House || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || United States || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="Interview - Tussauds Group" /> |- | Gotham Underground || Madison Square Garden || New York City, United States || {{start date|1997}} || {{end date|1997}} || <ref name="Madison 2nd year">{{cite web|last=Jaeger|first=Lauren|title=Madison Scare Garden Returns For Second Year With New Thrills |url=http://www.allbusiness.com/services/amusement-recreation-services/4592304-1.html|publisher=All Business|access-date=24 November 2010|date=8 September 1997}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" | Lara Croft Tomb Raider: Enter the Tomb || Dreamworld || Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia || {{start date|2003|12|26}} || {{End date|2004|4|18}} || <ref name="Parkz Lara">{{Parkz|ride_name=Lara Croft Tomb Raider - Enter the Tomb|location=Dreamworld|parkz_number=35|accessdate=7 November 2010}}</ref> |- | Luna Park Melbourne || St. Kilda, Melbourne, Victoria || {{start date|2007}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="All the fun of the fair">{{cite news|last=Stephens|first=Andrew|title=All the fun of the fair|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/arts/all-the-fun-of-the-fair/2007/12/06/1196812925908.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2|access-date=7 November 2010|newspaper=The Age|date=8 December 2007}}</ref><ref name="Jump to it">{{cite news|title=Don't call them, they'll call you - Jump to it|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/dont-call-them-theyll-call-you/2007/09/19/1189881595137.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1|access-date=24 November 2010|newspaper=The Age|date=20 September 2007|author=Carbone, Suzanne|author2=Money, Lawrence}}</ref> |- | Royal Adelaide Show || Adelaide, South Australia, Australia || {{start date|2010|9|3}} || {{end date|2009|9|11}} || <ref name="2010 Royal Adelaide" /> |- | The Mummy Live || Madison Square Garden || New York City, United States || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="ParkWorld Lynton Interview"/> |- | rowspan="2" | The Mummy Returns || Dreamworld || Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia || {{start date|2001|6|23}} || {{end date|2001|7|8}} || <ref name="Attractions Management">{{cite web|title=Attractions Management - Issue 4 - 2009|url=http://www.club-tourismus.org/fileadmin/Dokumente/AtractionsManagement_issue4_2009.pdf|publisher=Attractions Management|access-date=21 November 2010|year=2009}}</ref><ref name="Parks Haunted By Growth Of Horror Attractions">{{cite journal|last=Burnside|first=Mary Wade|title=Parks Haunted By Growth Of Horror Attractions|journal=Amusement Business|date=5 March 2001|volume=113|issue=9|page=21}}</ref> |- | Universal Studios Hollywood || Los Angeles County, California, United States || {{start date|2002}} || {{end date|2004}} || <ref name="Parks Haunted By Growth Of Horror Attractions" /><ref name="Meet Lynton V. Harris" /> |- | rowspan="2" | The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor Live || Dreamworld || Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia || {{start date|2008|9|8}} || {{end date|2009|1}} || <ref>{{cite news|last=Renee|first=Redmond|title=Mummy's Tomb opens quietly at Dreamworld|url=http://www.goldcoast.com.au/article/2008/09/08/15987_more-gold-coast-movies.html|access-date=7 November 2010|newspaper=Gold Coast Bulletin|date=8 September 2008}}</ref> |- | La Ronde || Montreal, Quebec, Canada || {{start date|2009|6|19}} || {{end date|2009|9|7}} || <ref name="Meet Lynton V. Harris">{{cite web|title=Terminator X - The ultimate laser battle - Meet Lynton V. Harris|url=http://laronde.com/terminatorx/en/entrevue.html|publisher=La Ronde|access-date=7 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=La Ronde announces Mummy walk-through attraction, for 2009 season only|url=http://coasterbuzz.com/news/10594/la-ronde-announces-mummy-walk-through-attraction-for-2009-season-only.aspx|publisher=Coaster Buzz|access-date=7 November 2010|author=greatwhitenorth|date=24 November 2008}}</ref><ref name="CNW">{{cite web|title=By Saturday, La Ronde hosts The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor, The Experience! - Le créateur de La Momie, Lynton V. - The creator of The Mummy, Lynton V. Harris, entend vous faire la peur de votre vie! Harris intends to make you fear for your life!|url=http://www.newswire.ca/fr/releases/archive/June2009/18/c8168.html|publisher=CNW|access-date=24 November 2010|date=18 June 2009}}</ref><ref name="Brunswick"/><ref name="Cyberpresse"/><ref name="La Ronde begins its season">{{cite web|last=Bouliane|first=Martine|title=La Ronde begins its season|url=http://www.cyberpresse.ca/voyage/destinations/quebec/200905/21/01-858462-la-ronde-commence-sa-saison.php|publisher=Cyberpresse|access-date=24 November 2010|date=21 May 2009}}</ref> |- | Night at the Museum Live || Sunway Lagoon || Petaling Jaya, Malaysia || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|Still open}} || <ref name="Monster Mania"/><ref name="Meet Lynton V. Harris" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Night at the Museum|url=http://www.sunwaylagoon.com/natm/|publisher=Sunway Lagoon|access-date=21 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="Creep show">{{cite news|title=Creep show|url=http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2010/5/31/lifefocus/6344094&sec=lifefocus|access-date=24 November 2010|newspaper=The Star|date=31 May 2010}}</ref> |- | Pirate Jack's Halloween Adventure || Chessington World of Adventures || London, England || {{start date|2002|10}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="Interview - Tussauds Group" /> |- | rowspan="4" | Prison Break Live || Luna Park Melbourne || St. Kilda, Melbourne, Victoria || {{start date|2006}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="All the fun of the fair" /> |- | Luna Park Sydney || Sydney, New South Wales, Australia || {{start date|2008}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref>{{cite web|title=Sydney Weekender 22 March|url=http://www.ebroadcast.com.au/enews/seven/Sydney-Weekender-22-March-170308.html|publisher=eBroadcast|access-date=7 November 2010}}</ref> |- | Royal Adelaide Show || Adelaide, South Australia, Australia || {{start date|2009|9|5}} || {{end date|2009|9|13}} || <ref name="TT clip">{{cite web|title=Terminator X|url=http://www.suddenimpactentertainment.com/terminatorx2009/|publisher=Sudden Impact Entertainment|access-date=24 November 2010|author=Today Tonight|year=2009}}</ref> |- | Sunway Lagoon || Petaling Jaya, Malaysia || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="A place to make you scream">{{cite news|last=Sharmugam|first=Ista Kyra|title=A place to make you scream|url=http://thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=/2008/4/1/central/20772653&sec=central|access-date=24 November 2010|newspaper=The Star|date=1 April 2008}}</ref> |- | Psycho 3D maze || Warner Bros. Movie World || Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia || {{start date|2010|10|8}} || 2010 (seasonal) || <ref name="MW 2010"/><ref name="MW 2011"/> |- | Rumah Hantu 3D || Sunway Lagoon || Petaling Jaya, Malaysia || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="A place to make you scream"/> |- | rowspan="3" | SAW maze || Warner Bros. Movie World || Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia || {{start date|2010|10|8}} || {{end date|2011|10}} || <ref name="MW 2010">{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Maria|title=Ghosts, ghouls, spectres|newspaper=Gold Coast Bulletin|date=23 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="MW 2011"/> |-
| Six Flags Great America || Gurnee, Illinois, United States || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="ParkWorld Lynton Interview Mag">{{cite web|title=Lynton V. Harris - Creating Attractions with Impact!|url=http://content.yudu.com/A1prlc/PWNov10|publisher=Park World Online|access-date=21 November 2010|pages=38–40|date=November 2010}}</ref> |- | The Scorpion King Live || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="Meet Lynton V. Harris" /> |- | rowspan="2" | Scream || Madame Tussauds Shanghai || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="Interview - Tussauds Group" /> |- | Amsterdam || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="Screamie Awards"/> |- | Terminator Alive || Sunway Lagoon || Petaling Jaya, Malaysia || {{start date|2010|5}} || {{N/A|Still open}} || <ref name="ParkWorld Terminator X"/><ref name="Sunway Terminator"/><ref name="Creep show" /> |- | rowspan="5" | Terminator X: A Laser Battle for Salvation || Adventure World || Perth, Western Australia, Australia || {{start date|2009|12|26}} || {{end date|2010|1|31}} || <ref>{{cite web|last=Nash|first=Tim|title=New attractions for 2010 for Adventure World |url=http://www.attractionsmanagement.com/detail1.cfm?pagetype=detail&subject=news&codeID=169273&site=AM&dom=N|publisher=Attractions Management|access-date=21 November 2010|date=19 January 2010}}</ref> |- | La Ronde || Montreal, Quebec, Canada || {{start date|2010}} || {{N/A|Still open}} || <ref name="Meet Lynton V. Harris" /><ref name="Brunswick">{{cite news|title=La Ronde présente une nouvelle attraction inspirée de la série "Terminator" La Ronde has a new attraction inspired by the series "Terminator" |url=http://www.jminforme.ca/article/979354|access-date=24 November 2010|newspaper=Brunswick News|date=10 March 2010|author=The Canadian Press}}</ref><ref name="Cyberpresse">{{cite web|last=Simard|first=Valérie|title=A laser battle at La Ronde|url=http://www.cyberpresse.ca/voyage/destinations/quebec/201003/18/01-4261810-une-bataille-laser-a-la-ronde.php|publisher=Cyberpresse|access-date=24 November 2010|date=18 March 2010}}</ref> |- | Royal Adelaide Show || Adelaide, South Australia, Australia || {{start date|2009|9|4}} || {{end date|2009|9|12}} || <ref name="TT clip"/> |- | Six Flags Mexico || Mexico City, Mexico || {{start date|2011}} || {{N/A|Still open}} || <ref>{{cite web|title=Six Flags Entertainment Corporation Investor Meeting Presentation|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9MzQ0MjQ3NXxDaGlsZElEPTQwMjU2MHxUeXBlPTI=&t=1|publisher=Six Flags|access-date=6 November 2010|date=4 November 2010}}</ref> |- | Sunway Lagoon || Petaling Jaya, Malaysia || {{start date|2010|5}} || 2012 || <ref name="ParkWorld Terminator X">{{cite web|title=Laser tag – the next generation |url=http://parkworld-online.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/1712/Laser_tag__96_the_next_generation.html|publisher=Park World Online|access-date=21 November 2010|date=7 June 2010}}</ref><ref name="Sunway Terminator">{{cite web|title=Terminator attractions launched at Sunway Lagoon|url=http://thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=/2010/5/26/central/6321836&sec=central|work=The Star Online|access-date=21 November 2010|date=26 May 2010}}</ref> |- | Terror in the Towers || Alton Towers || Staffordshire, England || {{start date|2002|10}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="Interview - Tussauds Group" /> |- | Terror Tunnel || Sunway Lagoon || Petaling Jaya, Malaysia || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="A place to make you scream"/> |- | Tomb Raider Legend Live || Adventure World || Perth, Western Australia, Australia || {{start date|2006|12|26}} || {{end date|2007|1|29}} || <ref>{{cite web|title=TOMB RAIDER LEGEND LIVE RIDE TO OPEN|url=http://www.tombraiderchronicles.com/headlines3091.html|publisher=Tomb Raider Chronicles|access-date=7 November 2010|date=19 December 2006}}</ref> |- | Trolls Village || Dreamworld || Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia || 2018 || 2019 || |- | Universal Studios Monsters Alive || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || Las Vegas, United States || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || {{N/A|''Unknown''}} || <ref name="Meet Lynton V. Harris" /> |-
|- | Van Helsing || Universal Studios Hollywood || Los Angeles County, California, United States || {{start date|2004}} || {{end date|2007}} || <ref name="Meet Lynton V. Harris" /> |- | Warwick Ghosts Alive || Warwick Castle || Warwickshire, England || {{start date|2002}} || {{end date|2008}} || <ref name="Interview - Tussauds Group" /><ref name="Screamie Awards">{{cite web|title=The Screamie Awards - Previous Winners of the Screamie Awards|url=http://www.screamieawards.co.uk/winners.html|publisher=Screamie Awards|access-date=21 November 2010|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718180957/http://www.screamieawards.co.uk/winners.html|archive-date=18 July 2010}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | Zombie Apocalypse maze || Warner Bros. Movie World || Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia || {{Start date|2011|10|1}} || {{End date|2011|10}} || <ref name="MW 2011">{{cite news|last=Lacey|first=Michelle|title=Fright Night a bloody success|url=http://www.goldcoast.com.au/article/2011/10/02/354031_gold-coast-news.html|access-date=29 October 2011|newspaper=Gold Coast Bulletin|date=2 October 2011}}</ref> |- | Wet'n'Wild Hawaii || Kapolei, Hawaii, United States || {{Start date|2010}} || {{End date|2010}} || |- | Zombie Evilution || Dreamworld || Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia || {{Start date|2013|9|13}} || March 2018 || <ref name="Evilution cover photo">{{cite web|title=Cover photos|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151584218638613&set=a.10150587527483613.384569.30639128612&type=1|publisher=Facebook|access-date=14 August 2013|author=Dreamworld|date=14 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="Join The Evilution">{{cite web|title=Join The Evilution|url=http://www.dreamworld.com.au/Attractions/Evilution/Join-The-Evilution.aspx|publisher=Dreamworld|access-date=14 August 2013|year=2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017190008/http://www.dreamworld.com.au/Attractions/Evilution/Join-The-Evilution.aspx|archive-date=17 October 2013}}</ref> |}
==Shows== {{Expand list|date=February 2011}} * Ice Age on Ice<ref name="2010 Royal Adelaide">{{cite news|last=Emmerson|first=Russell|title=Latin attraction at the Royal Show|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/business/sa-business-journal/latin-attraction-at-the-royal-show/story-e6fredel-1225912492355|access-date=21 November 2010|newspaper=Adelaide Now|date=31 August 2010}}</ref>
==Scare School== {{External media|float = right|video1 = "[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-03-30/scaremaster-lynton-harris/6360262 Inside the dark mind of scaremaster Lynton Harris]", ''ABC Lateline'' (March 2015)|width = 210px}}Almost all of ''Sudden Impact! Entertainment Company'''s attractions feature live trained actors, commonly known as "scare actors". To be hired in this position, scare actors must complete the Scare School program. The Scare School is a 40-hour program where actors are trained to become the best "scarers" they can be. The Scare School has travelled the globe and has been featured in its own television series. The majority of the training is done in broad daylight with very little done indoors or at night-time.<ref name="I am a ghoul teacher">{{cite news|last=Prophet|first=Sheila|title=I am a ghoul teacher|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/advice/jobs/2006/10/26/i-am-a-ghoul-teacher-115875-17993474/|access-date=24 November 2010|newspaper=Mirror|date=26 November 2006}}</ref><ref name="Monster Mania">{{cite news|last=Lim|first=Louisa|title=Monster Mania|url=http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2009/6/20/lifefocus/4092838&sec=lifefocus|access-date=24 November 2010|newspaper=The Star|date=20 June 2009}}</ref><ref name="Attractions Management"/><ref name="Laughter is the key">{{cite news|last=Yoon|first=Chin Mui|title=Laughter is the key|url=http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2010/5/31/lifefocus/6361791&sec=lifefocus|access-date=24 November 2010|newspaper=The Star|date=31 May 2010}}</ref><ref name="Chill with Scaremaster" /><ref name="ParkWorld Lynton Interview" /><ref name="CNW"/><ref name="ParkWorld Lynton Interview Mag" /><ref name="Harris - Biography">{{cite web|title=Lynton V. Harris - Biography|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1834447/bio?mode=desktop|publisher=IMDb|access-date=24 November 2010}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist|2}}
==External links== * {{Official website|http://www.suddenimpactentertainment.com}} {{Amusement rides}} Category:Amusement ride manufacturers Category:Manufacturing companies based in New York (state) Category:American companies established in 1991