{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}} {{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}} {{Infobox royalty | reign = 3rd century BC }} '''Sophagasenos''', also spelt '''Sophagasenus''' or '''Sophagasenas'''<ref name="Garg, Gaṅgā Rām 1992 510">{{cite book | author= Garg, Gaṅgā Rām |title= Encyclopaedia of the Hindu world, Volume 2 |publisher= Concept Publishing Company |year=1992 |page=510 |isbn= 9788170223757}}</ref> (Sanskrit: '''Subhagasena'''), was a local Indian king ruling in Kabul and Kapisa valley (Paropamisadae of the classical writings) during the last decades of 3rd century BCE. Sophagasenus finds reference only in "The Histories" of Polybius.

==Names== Sophagasenus is probably derived from the name Subhāgasena.{{sfn|Kosmin|2014|p=36}}

==Polybius on Sophagasenus== Polybius ({{circa|204|122 BCE}}), the Greek historian, makes reference to Sophagasenus in context with Antiochus III's expedition across the Caucasus Indicus (Hindu Kush) in around 206 BCE. Having crossed the Caucasus Mountains, Antiochus moved up to Kabul and met Sophagasenus the Indian king with whom he renewed league and friendship he had made previously.<ref>Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 322, Dr H. C. Raychaudhury, Dr B. N. Mukerjee</ref> and received more elephants until he had one hundred and fifty of them all together. He then returned home via Arachosia, Drangiana and Karmania.<ref>Ref: Polybius, XI.34.11-12</ref>{{#tag:ref|Read actual Trans of Polybius 11.34: ''"He (Antiochus) crossed the Caucasus Indicus (Paropamisus) and descended into India; renewed his friendship with Sophagasenus the king of the Indians; received more elephants, until he had a hundred and fifty all together; and having once more provisioned his troops, set out again personally with his army: leaving Androsthenes of Cyzicus the duty of taking home the treasure which this king had agreed to hand over to him.{{sfn|Kosmin|2014|pp=35–36}} Having traversed Arachosia and crossed the river Enymanthus, he came through Drangene to Carmania; and as it was now winter, he put his men into winter quarters there."''<ref>The Histories of Polybius, Book 11, 1889, p 78, by Friedrich Otto Hultsch, Evelyn Shirley Shuckburgh</ref>|group=Note}} No other source except Polybius makes any reference to Sophagasenus.

==See also== * Kamboja Kingdom *Apraca dynasty *Bajaur casket

==Notes== {{reflist|group=Note}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==Sources== * {{citation |last=Kosmin |first=Paul J. |authorlink=Paul J. Kosmin |title=The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, Territory, and Ideology in Seleucid Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UWdAwAAQBAJ |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=2014 |isbn=978-0-674-72882-0 }}

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Category:Indian warriors Category:3rd-century BC Indian monarchs Category:Afghan monarchs