Subaru EA engine

{{more footnotes|date=June 2009}} {{refimprove|date=June 2009}} {{Infobox automobile engine | image = Subaru EA82 Leone 1989.jpg | name = Subaru EA engine | aka = | manufacturer = [[Subaru]] | configuration = [[Flat-four engine|flat-four]] [[petrol engine]] | production = 1966–1994 | predecessor = | successor = [[Subaru EJ engine]] | bore = | stroke = | displacement = | length = | diameter = | width = | height = | weight = | block = | head = | valvetrain = [[overhead valve|OHV]]/[[Overhead camshaft|SOHC]] | supercharger = | turbocharger = | fuelsystem = | fueltype = [[gasoline|Petrol/gasoline]] | oilsystem = | coolingsystem = water | power = | specpower = | torque = | compression = | fuelcon = | specfuelcon = | oilcon = }}

The '''Subaru EA engine''' is a series of [[automobile]] [[internal combustion engines]] manufactured by [[Subaru]], a division of [[Fuji Heavy Industries]]. All EA series engines are of a [[flat-4]] design, and have always been water cooled. {{TOClimit|3}}

==Design and history== Prior to 1966, Subaru was known for producing [[kei car]]s in Japan; for their first four-passenger model, the firm developed an air-cooled boxer engine for a prototype of the [[Subaru 1500]] in 1960, but Fuji Heavy Industries was unable to continue development due to a shortage of funding. A new prototype front-wheel-drive car was built with a {{cvt|923|cc|cuin|0}} water-cooled boxer engine, which became the basis for the [[Subaru 1000]] and the EA-52 boxer engine. The car began sales to the public starting in 1966.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hemmings.com/stories/2016/05/12/subarus-boxer-engine-celebrates-its-golden-anniversary |title=Subaru's boxer engine celebrates its golden anniversary |author=Ernst, Kurt |date=May 12, 2016 |work=Hemmings |access-date=17 March 2022}}</ref>

The EA series engines have aluminum heads with aluminum blocks. Each cylinder has two valves, one for exhaust and one for intake. They came in either an [[Overhead valve|OHV]] [[pushrod]] or [[SOHC]] configuration. The engine was very short, only about {{cvt|400|mm|in|1}} long overall. The crankshaft had three main bearings.<ref name=Motor717136>{{cite magazine | magazine = [[:ja:モーターマガジン|Motor Magazine]] | date = July 1971 | issue = 7 | volume = 17 | title = 5ポイントチェック: ユーザーのための実用テスト: スハル 1300G スーパーツーリング | trans-title = 5-Point Check: Practical Test for Users: Subaru 1300G Super Touring | language = ja | ref = TK71 | first = Tadao | last = Kikuchi | page = 136 }}</ref>

Subaru produced the EA series from 1966 to 1994, and were found in the [[Subaru FF-1 Star]], the [[Subaru Leone]], the [[Subaru Brat]] (Brumby), the [[Subaru Loyale]], the [[Subaru Omega]] (coupé), the [[Subaru Vortex]], the [[Subaru RX]], and the [[Subaru XT]] (Alcyone).

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |+Summary of specifications |- ! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Model ! rowspan=2 | Years ! colspan=3 | Size ! rowspan=2 | Compression ratio ! rowspan=2 | Valvetrain ! colspan=2 | Output |- ! Displacement !! Bore !! Stroke ! Power !! Torque |- ! colspan=2 | EA-52 | 1966–1970 | rowspan=2 | {{cvt|977.2|cc|cuin|0|disp=br}} | rowspan=2 | {{cvt|72|mm|disp=br}} | rowspan=15| {{cvt|60|mm|disp=br}} | 9.0:1 || [[Overhead valve|OHV]] [[Pushrod]] | {{cvt|55|PS|kW hp|0|disp=br}} at 6000 | {{cvt|57|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 3200 |- ! colspan=2 | EA-53 | 1967–1968 | 10.0:1 || [[Overhead valve|OHV]] [[Pushrod]], twin carburetor | {{cvt|67|PS|kW hp|0|disp=br}} at 6600 | {{cvt|8.2|kgm|lbft Nm|0|disp=br|order=flip}} at 4600 |- ! colspan=2 | EA-61 | 1969–1972 | {{cvt|1088|cc|cuin|0|disp=br}} | {{cvt|76|mm|disp=br}} | 8.5:1 || [[Overhead valve|OHV]] [[Pushrod]] | {{cvt|62|PS|kW hp|0|disp=br}} at 5600 | {{cvt|65|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 4000 |- ! rowspan=2 | EA-62 |(regular) | 1971–1972 | rowspan=2 | {{cvt|1267.5|cc|cuin|0|disp=br}} | rowspan=2 | {{cvt|82|mm|disp=br}} | 9.0:1 || [[Overhead valve|OHV]] [[Pushrod]] | {{cvt|80|PS|kW hp|0|disp=br}} at 6400 | {{cvt|73|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 4000 |- |EA-62S | 1969–1972 | 10.0:1 || [[Overhead valve|OHV]] [[Pushrod]], twin carburetor | {{cvt|93|PS|kW hp|0|disp=br}} at 7000 | {{cvt|76|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 5000 |- ! rowspan=2 | EA-63 |(JDM)<ref name="Leone53.6">{{citation | title = 新型Subaru Leone (catalog) |trans-title=New Subaru Leone |date=June 1978 | publisher = Fuji Heavy Industries | language = Japanese }}</ref> | 1973–1979 | rowspan=2 | {{cvt|1361|cc|cuin|0|disp=br}} | rowspan=2 | {{cvt|85|mm|disp=br}} | rowspan=2 | 8.5:1 || rowspan=2 | [[Overhead valve|OHV]] [[Pushrod]] | {{cvt|71|–|77|hp|kW PS|0|disp=br}} at 6000 | {{cvt|74|–|76|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 3600–4000 |- |(US) | 1973–1976 | {{cvt|58|hp|kW PS|0|disp=br}} at 5600 | {{cvt|68|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 2400 |- ! colspan=2 | EA-64 | 1973–1979 | {{cvt|1176|cc|cuin|0|disp=br}} | {{cvt|79|mm|disp=br}} | rowspan=3 | 9.0:1 || rowspan=3 | [[Overhead valve|OHV]] [[Pushrod]] | {{cvt|68|hp|kW PS|0|disp=br}} at 6000 | {{cvt|69|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 3600 |- !! rowspan=2 | EA-65 | (JDM) | 1979–1984 | rowspan=2 | {{cvt|1298|cc|cuin|0|disp=br}} | rowspan=2 | {{cvt|83|mm|disp=br}} | {{cvt|72|PS|kW hp|0|disp=br}} at 5600 | {{cvt|10|kgm|Nm lbft|0|disp=br|order=out}} at 3200 |- | ? | 1979–1994 | {{cvt|65|hp|kW PS|0|disp=br}} at 5600 | {{cvt|85|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 3200 |- ! rowspan=4 | EA-71 |(JDM) | 1976–1994 | rowspan=5 | {{cvt|1595|cc|cuin|0|disp=br}} | rowspan="14" | {{cvt|92|mm|disp=br}} | rowspan=4 | 9.0:1 || [[Overhead valve|OHV]] [[Pushrod]] chain drive | {{cvt|82|–|87|PS|kW hp|0|disp=br}} at 5600 | {{cvt|87|–|89|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 3600 |- |EA-71S (JDM) | 1976–1994 | [[Overhead valve|OHV]] [[Pushrod]] chain drive, twin carb | {{cvt|94|hp|kW PS|0|disp=br}} at 6400 | {{cvt|89|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 4000 |- |(US) | 1976–1979 | [[Overhead valve|OHV]] [[Pushrod]] chain drive | {{cvt|67|hp|kW PS|0|disp=br}} at 5200 | {{cvt|81|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 2400 |- |(US) | 1980–1987 | [[Overhead valve|OHV]] [[Pushrod]] | {{cvt|68|hp|kW PS|0|disp=br}} at 4800 | {{cvt|84|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 2800 |- ! colspan=2 | EA-72 | never released | 8.7:1 || SOHC | colspan=2 | not published |- ! rowspan=3 | EA-81 |(US) | rowspan=2 | 1980–1994 | rowspan="9" | {{cvt|1781|cc|cuin|0|disp=br}} | rowspan="9" | {{cvt|67|mm|disp=br}} | rowspan=2 | 8.7:1 || rowspan=2 | [[Overhead valve|OHV]] [[Pushrod]] | {{cvt|73|hp|kW PS|0|disp=br}} at 4800 | {{cvt|94|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 2400 |- |(EU) | {{cvt|79|–|81|hp|kW PS|0|disp=br}} at 6000 | {{cvt|132|Nm|lbft|0|disp=br|order=flip}} at 2400 |- |EA-81T (turbo) | 1983–1984 | 7.7:1 || [[Overhead valve|OHV]] [[Pushrod]] | {{cvt|95|hp|kW PS|0|disp=br}} at 4200 | {{cvt|123|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 2800 |- ! rowspan="5" | EA-82 |(carb) | rowspan=3 | 1984–1994 | 8.7/9.0:1 || SOHC, carburetor | {{cvt|84|hp|kW PS|0|disp=br}} at 5200 | {{cvt|101|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 3200 |- |(SPFI) | 9.0:1 || SOHC, SPFI | {{cvt|90|hp|kW PS|0|disp=br}} at 5600 | {{cvt|101|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 3200 |- |(MPFI) | 9.5:1 || SOHC, MPFI | {{cvt|97|hp|kW PS|0|disp=br}} at 5200 | {{cvt|103|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 3200 |- |EA-82T (turbo) USA |1984–1990 |7.7:1 |SOHC, MPFI |{{cvt|111|–|115|hp|kW PS|0|disp=br}} at 5200 |{{cvt|134|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 2800 |- |EA-82T (turbo) Europe/Japan | 1984–1990 | 7.7:1 || SOHC, MPFI | {{cvt|134|–|136|PS|kW hp|0|disp=br}} at 5200 | {{cvt|145|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 2800 |- ! |EA82T (turbo) Works Group A/B |1984–1988 |7.5:1 |SOHC, MPFI |{{cvt|180|–|190|hp|kW PS|0|disp=br}} at 6450 |{{cvt|170|lbft|Nm|0|disp=br}} at 5200 |}

==Models== ===EA-52=== The Subaru '''EA-52''' engine was produced from 1966 until 1970.

====Found on==== * [[Subaru 1000]] * [[Subaru FF-1 Star]]

====EA-53==== The Subaru '''EA-53''' was used in the 1967 Subaru 1000 Sports Sedan, sold in Japan. It used twin carburetors. This engine was used in the September 1968 Japan Alpine Rally which the car won in the 1000cc engine class.

===EA-61=== [[File:Subaruff-1 1100DX 03.jpg|thumb|right|Subaru EA61 1.1L]] The Subaru '''EA-61''' engine was produced from 1969 to 1972. The Japanese-spec Subaru FF-1 Sport Sedan and the FF-1 Super Touring sedan used twin carburetors, with the engine designation EA-61S. It was sold in the United States only for the 1971 model year.<ref name="scimp">{{Cite book | title = Standard Catalog of Imported Cars, 1946–1990 | first = James M. | last = Flammang | publisher = Krause Publications, Inc. | location = Iola, WI | page = 588 | year = 1994 | isbn = 0-87341-158-7 }}</ref> It was also briefly available in the first Leone, only in 1100 Van specification.

====Found on==== * [[Subaru 1000#FF-1|Subaru FF-1 1100/Star]] * 1972–197? [[Subaru Leone]] A21 Van

==={{anchor|EA62}}EA-62=== The Subaru '''EA-62''' engine was produced from 1971 to 1972. It is the only EA-series engine with rear-facing exhaust ports.

====Found on==== * [[Subaru 1000#1300G|Subaru FF-1 1300 G]] * [[Subaru G]] (1300G in United States)

====EA-62S==== This engine used twin carburetors from Zenith-Stromberg.

=====Found on===== * [[Subaru 1000#1300G|Subaru FF-1 1300G]] Sports Sedan and Super Touring (Japan)

===EA-63=== The Subaru '''EA-63''' engine was produced from 1973 to 1979, although it stopped being used in US-market cars in 1976.

====Found on==== * 1973–1979 [[Subaru Leone]]

===EA-64=== The Subaru '''EA-64''' engine was produced from 1973 to 1979. The engine disappeared from the sedan catalogs in September 1975, as the new emissions regulations would simply make the car too slow. As commercial vehicles didn't have to meet the new stricter regulations, it continued to be available in the Van 1200 Standard until the end of production of the first generation Leone in 1979.

====Found on==== * 1973–1975 [[Subaru Leone]] (sedan) * 1973–1977 [[Subaru Leone]] (van) A25 * 1973–1979 [[Subaru Leone]] (van) A65<ref name="Leone53.6"/>

===EA-65=== The Subaru '''EA-65''' engine was produced from 1975 to 1985

====Found on==== * 1975–1985 [[Subaru Leone]] for Japanese domestic market, Europe, Africa Asia and Latin America. * The only first sedan with a similar box body shape with same shape as the nissan model. * Equipped with an internal temperature control Ac different from the current compressor pump. * Had the two wheel drive for fuel efficiency the 1298 cc with options of 4wd. * In African market became the family car for major house hold nick named ("Mama Yao") meaning the mother of Subaru due to its unique speed and pick performance . * The very first edition with a speed clock of 220km/h display. *The Leone EA65 became an icon in the safari rally and hence was considered the best sedan model for off-road.

===EA-71=== The Subaru '''EA-71''' engine was produced in two different designs; from 1976 to 1994, originally the first design was a redesign of the '''EA-63''' block, known as the "Narrow Case EA71" then Subaru completely redesigned it to make the newer version known as "Fat Case EA71" which also led to a stroked version known as the EA81. The availability in USA for the EA71 ended in 1990 on the hatchback models. It came with a [[carburetor]] and the last editions for JDM featured throttle-body injection, found on the "Maia" editions of the third generation Subaru Leone. The engine came either with solid lifters or hydraulic lifters. [[File:Subaruea71engine.jpg|thumb|right|Subaru EA-71 Engine]]

====Found on==== * 1976–1994 [[Subaru Leone]] * 1978–1980 [[Subaru BRAT]] * 1980–1990 [[Subaru Hatchback]]

====EA-71S==== This engine used twin Hitachi carburetors. This engine also dominated the Japanese {{ill|FJ1600|ja}} open-seat racing class for decades (similar to [[Formula Ford]] in Europe and elsewhere), making it the ''de facto'' standard engine.

=====Found on===== * 1979–1981 [[Subaru Hatchback]] * 1979–1980 [[Subaru Brat]]

===EA-72 Concept Engine===

There was an unreleased EA-72 [[concept]] [[engine]] [[Subaru]] developed for use in the Japanese Market in 1989. It was essentially an EA-82 with an EA-71 [[crankshaft]]. This [[engine]] never came about as the Subaru EJ15 and EJ16 were already in development for this purpose.

====Specifications==== * '''Displacement:''' 1,595 cc * '''Bore:''' 92 mm * '''Stroke:''' 60 mm * '''Compression Ratio:''' 8.7:1 * '''Valvetrain:''' [[SOHC]] * '''Horsepower:''' unreleased * '''Torque:''' unreleased

===EA-81===

The Subaru '''EA-81''' engine was produced from 1980 to 1994 and is a [[Stroke (engine)|stroked]] version of the "Fat Case" '''EA-71''' it came either with Solid Lifters or Hydraulic Lifters.

====Found on==== * 1980–1989 [[Subaru Leone]] * 1981–1994 [[Subaru BRAT]], [[Subaru Brumby]] * 1980–1990 [[Subaru Hatchback]]

====EA-81S==== This engine used twin Hitachi carburetors on a single intake manifold, and the late version for the 1983 Safari Rally, featured two downdraft Weber Carburetors, each one mounted directly over each head. The Heads and Valvetrain on the EA81S engines are different from the regular counterparts, featuring different positions for the intake and exhaust valves on the Heads, feature known usually as Reverse Valves.

=====Found on=====

* 1980–1982 second gen [[Subaru Leone]] (Twin Hitachi Carbs) * 1980–1982 Second Gen [[Subaru Brat]], [[Subaru Brumby]] (Twin Hitachi Carbs). * 1983 [[Subaru RX]] (Safari Rally Edition — Twin Weber Carbs)

====EA-81T====

The '''EA-81T''' is not an official engine designation from Subaru. The "T" is used informally to refer to the factory turbocharged version of '''EA-81''' engines that are equipped with a [[turbocharger]] and multi port [[fuel injection]]. Boost pressure was {{cvt|7|psi|bar|2}}.

=====Found on===== * 1983–1984 [[Subaru Leone]] * 1983–1984 [[Subaru BRAT]]

===EA-82=== [[File:SubaruEA82 inverted.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Subaru EA-82 Engine (displayed upside-down)]] The Subaru '''EA-82''' engine was originally intended to be a 2.0 L engine as its prototypes were, but Subaru destroked it to 1.8 L for production. The EA82 was produced from 1984 to 1994. It came either with [[carburetor]], single point [[fuel injection]], or multi port [[fuel injection]] and hydraulic lifters. Most of the technical advancements introduced to the EA82 were utilized in the next generation [[Subaru EJ engine]], specifically, the [[SOHC]] valvetrain, and multi-point fuel injection.

====Found on==== * 1984–1994 Third generation of [[Subaru Leone]], [[Subaru Loyale]], [[Subaru Omega]] * 1985–1991 [[Subaru XT|Subaru XT / Alcyone / Vortex]]

====EA-82T====

The '''EA-82T''' engine was introduced in 1984 for the Third generation of Subaru Leone in the GL-10 and RX Turbo trim models plus the XT (Vortex), and later on the Subaru Leone RX Coupe models. It is a turbocharged version of the MPFI EA-82 with modified cylinder heads, lower compression pistons, and boost pressure of {{cvt|7|psi|bar|2}}.

A revised intake known as the "Spider" manifold was available and is seen as an early version of the EJ style intake manifold.

===ER27=== {{main|Subaru six-cylinder engines#ER27}} {{Infobox automobile engine | image = | name = Subaru ER engine | aka = | manufacturer = [[Subaru]] | configuration = [[flat-6]] [[petrol engine]] | production = 1988–1991 | predecessor = | successor = [[Subaru EG engine]] | bore = 92 mm | stroke = 67 mm | displacement = 2.7 L (2672 cc) | length = | diameter = | width = | height = | weight = | block = aluminium | head = aluminium | valvetrain = [[SOHC]] | supercharger = | turbocharger = | fuelsystem = | fueltype = [[gasoline|Petrol/gasoline]] | oilsystem = | coolingsystem = | power = 112 kW (150 hp) | specpower = | torque = | compression = | fuelcon = | specfuelcon = | oilcon = }}

The ER series is a [[flat-6]] [[internal combustion engines|engine]] with a displacement of 2.7 L manufactured by [[Subaru]], a division of [[Fuji Heavy Industries]]. The ER series has aluminium engine blocks and aluminium cylinder heads. It is found on the 1988–1991 [[Subaru Alcyone]] VX (XT-6 in the United States).

Created as a refined luxury engine with improved power over the EA82T, Subaru introduced the ER series engine in 1988 exclusively to be featured in the [[Subaru Alcyone]] VX. Like the EA series engines, the ER series engine featured 2-valve cylinder heads with hydraulic lash adjusters and the block shared the same bore and stroke. While recognised as bearing many similarities to the Subaru EA82 engine, there are numerous differences in design between the two engines and a large portion of parts are unique to the ER27. The oil and water pumps are unique to the ER27, sharing similar bolt patterns and design to the EA82, but being of a higher flow in both cases.<ref name="defactoleader">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ausubaru.com/forum/showthread.php?t=16108 |title=Oil Pump & Water Pump differences EA82->ER27 |date=March 16, 2010 |accessdate=2011-05-06 }}</ref> The intake manifold uses a two-piece design with a lower section bolting to the heads containing the coolant bridge, injectors and various vacuum lines. The upper intake manifold then bolts to the lower section and is unlike the EA82 or [[Subaru EJ engine|EJ22]] "spider" manifold designs in that there is no central plenum chamber. The valve timing system is belt-drive using two individual timing belts, curiously one belt uses a spring tensioner (like the EA82) whilst the other uses a hydraulic tensioner (like the [[Subaru EJ engine|EJ22]]). Both JDM and USDM versions of the ER27 used multi-point electronic fuel injection. The ER27 designation was the first time Subaru incorporated the engine's displacement into the series name and all future engines have retained this nomenclature.

==References== {{reflist}} * 1977 Subaru Factory Service Manual * 1983 Subaru Factory Service Manual * 1984 Subaru Factory Service Manual * 1987/1988 Subaru Factory Service Manual * [http://www.drive.subaru.com Subaru Drive Magazine]

[[Category:Subaru engines]] [[Category:Boxer engines]] [[Category:Gasoline engines by model]] [[Category:Four-cylinder engines]] [[Category:1960s automobile engines]]