Stutzia

{{Short description|Genus of plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Atriplex suckleyi (7490974898).jpg |image_caption = ''Stutzia dioica'' |taxon = Stutzia |authority = E.H.Zacharias |synonyms = *''Endolepis'' Torr (nom. illeg.) *''Atriplex'' sect. ''Endolepis'' McNeill *''Atriplex'' L. sect. ''Covilleiae'' S. L. Welsh |synonyms_ref = <ref name="Zacharias" /> |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = See text. }}

'''''Stutzia''''' is a plant genus in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae. It was described in 2010, replacing the illegitimate name ''Endolepis''. It comprises two species, that have also been included in the genus ''Atriplex''.<ref>[http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Atriplex+covillei CalFlora Database: ''Atriplex covillei'' (Coville's orach)] . accessed 2.22.2015</ref>

''Stutzia'' species occur in western North America. They are annual plants up to 50 cm tall and broad, growing upright or spreading. The parts of young plants are rarely furfuraceous or farinose, older ones glabrescent. The stem branches almost from the base with ascending or spreading branches, older ones with white bark.

== Description == The species of ''Stutzia'' are annual herbs that are 3–50 cm high and broad, growing erect or spreading. Young plant parts are sparsely furfuraceous or farinose, older ones glabrescent. The stems are branched nearly from base with ascending or spreading branches, the older ones with whitish bark. The numerous green leaves are alternate, petiolated or not. Their succulent leaf blades are 7–50 long and 2–30 mm wide, triangular-hastate, broadly ovate, lanceolate-ovate, lanceolate, or elliptic, with entire margins. The leaf anatomy is of the "normal" (''non-Kranz'') type of C3-plants.<ref name="Zacharias" />

The plants are monoecious. The inflorescences form terminal, dense or interrupted spikes of glomerulate male and often female flowers, and female flowers standing to 1–6 in the axils of midstem leaves. Male flowers (without bracteoles) consist of 5 triangular to subulate perianth lobes, ca. 1–2 mm long, united in the lower half to 3/4, smooth or with a fleshy crest, and 5 exserting stamens inserting on a disc. Female flowers are sitting within 2 opposite bracteoles, they consist of a hyaline perianth of 1–5 distinct, entire or lobed tepals, and an ovary with 2 filiform, slightly exserted stigmas.<ref name="Zacharias" />

In fruit, the bracteoles enclosing the fruit become accrescent, 2–20 × 1–10 mm, connate at least to the middle or to the summit. Their shape can be either ovate and entire or ovate-cordate to lanceolate, and laterally lobed at base, with acute to acuminate apices. Their surface is scurfy, usually without tubercles. The ovate, laterally compressed to subglobose fruit (utricle) greatly surpassing the perianth is not spongy, and does not fall at maturity. The membranous pericarp adheres to the seed. The vertically orientated seed with rostellate apex has a brown to dark reddish-brown, thin, crustaceous seed coat. The subannular, slender embryo surrounds the copious perisperm.<ref name="Zacharias" />

''Stutzia'' is flowering from April to July.<ref name="Zacharias" />

The chromosome numbers are n = 9 (haploid) and 2n = 18 (diploid).<ref name="Zacharias" />

== Systematics == The genus ''Stutzia'' has been first described in 2010 by Elizabeth H. Zacharias (In: ''A Molecular Phylogeny of North American Atripliceae (Chenopodiaceae), with Implications for Floral and Photosynthetic Pathway Evolution''. In: ''Systematic Botany'' 35 (4), p. 839-857). It replaced the illegitimate name ''Endolepis'', that had been described in 1860 by John Torrey (not being aware of the earlier fossil ''Endolepis'' Schleid. from 1846). The type species is ''Stutzia dioica''. ''Stutzia'' species were often included in genus ''Atriplex''.<ref name="FlNAmerica1" /><ref name="FlNAmerica2" /> The genus name ''Stutzia'' was given in honour to the botanist Howard C. Stutz, who had resurrected ''Endolepis'' in 1993.<ref name="Zacharias" />

''Stutzia'' belongs to the tribe Atripliceae in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae.

===Species=== The genus comprises two species:<ref name="Zacharias" /> * ''Stutzia covillei'' (Standl.) E.H.Zacharias - Coville's orach<ref name="FlNAmerica1" /><ref>[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=95111 Jepson eFlora treatment for ''Stutzia covillei''] . accessed 2.22.2015</ref> (Synonyms ''Atriplex covillei'' (Standl.) J.F.Macbr., ''Endolepis covillei'' Standl.) *''Stutzia dioica'' (Nutt.) E.H.Zacharias - Suckley's orach<ref name="FlNAmerica2" /> (Syn. ''Kochia dioica'' Nutt., ''Salsola dioica'' (Nutt.) Spreng., ''Endolepis dioica'' (Nutt.) Standl., ''Atriplex dioica'' (Nutt.) J.F.Macbr., ''Atriplex suckleyi'' (Torrey) Rydberg, ''Endolepis suckleyi'' Torr., ''Endolepis ovata'' Rydb., ''Atriplex ovata'' (Rydb.) Clem. & E.G.Clem.)

== Distribution == The species of ''Stutzia'' are distributed in western North America (Alberta, Saskatchewan, California, Colorado, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and possibly Oregon).<ref name="Zacharias" />

They grow in dry habitats on alkaline or saline substrates, from 400 to 2,200 m. ''Stutzia dioica'' is more widely distributed, and is a pioneer on alkaline or saline, fine-textured soils in badlands. Sometimes it occurs together with ''Atriplex'' species, sagebrush, or grasses. ''Stutzia covillei'' grows on saline soils in saltbush, greasewood, rabbitbrush, warm desert scrub, and salt-grass communities.<ref name="Zacharias" />

== References == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Zacharias">Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Bruce G. Baldwin (2010): ''A Molecular Phylogeny of North American Atripliceae (Chenopodiaceae), with Implications for Floral and Photosynthetic Pathway Evolution''. In: ''Systematic Botany'' '''35'''(4), p.839-857. {{doi|10.1600/036364410X539907}}</ref> <ref name="FlNAmerica1">Stanley L. Welsh (2003): [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415576 ''Atriplex covillei''] in Flora of North America, p.368</ref> <ref name="FlNAmerica2">Stanley L. Welsh (2003): [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415523 ''Atriplex suckleyi''] in Flora of North America, p.345</ref> }}

==External links == {{Commons category|Stutzia}} {{Wikispecies|Stutzia}} * {{GRIN genus|id=29147|name=''Stutzia''}} * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=95036 Jepson Herbarium— Jepson eFlora: ''Stutzia''] * [http://www.tropicos.org/Name/100367361 ''Stutzia''] at Tropicos

Category:Chenopodioideae Category:Eponymous genera Category:Flora of California Category:Amaranthaceae genera Category:Flora without expected TNC conservation status