Stumpffia

{{Short description|Genus of amphibians}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Stumpffia sp., Marojejy, Madagascar (4023091420).jpg | image_caption = Unidentified ''Stumpffia'' in Marojejy | taxon = Stumpffia | authority = Boettger, 1881 | type_species = ''Stumpffia psologlossa'' | type_species_authority = Boettger, 1881 | diversity_link = #Species | diversity = 41 species }}

'''''Stumpffia''''' is a genus of microhylid frogs that are endemic to Madagascar.<ref name=frost>{{BioRef|ASW6|title=''Stumpffia'' Boettger, 1881 |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Microhylidae/Cophylinae/Stumpffia |year=2022|access-date=29 June 2022}}</ref> They are mostly brown frogs that typically live among leaf litter. ''S. contumelia'' has a snout–vent length of about {{cvt|8-9|mm|in}}, making it one of the world's smallest frogs, and several others in the genus are only slightly larger.<ref name="Rakoto17"/><ref name=gonefroggin2017>{{cite web | title=10 Smallest Frogs and Toads in the World | url=https://gonefroggin.com/2017/12/18/10-smallest-frogs-in-the-world/ | date=18 December 2017 | publisher=gonefroggin.com | access-date=28 January 2020 }}</ref> The largest species is no more than {{cvt|28|mm|in}}.<ref name="Rakoto17"/>

The majority of the species have only been described since 2010. Each species has a small range and many are seriously threatened.<ref name="Rakoto17"/><ref name=IUCNgenus>{{cite web | title=Stumpffia | url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=Stumpffia | date=28 January 2020 | publisher=IUCN Redlist | access-date=28 January 2020 }}</ref>

== Taxonomy == ''Stumpffia'' was first described from the single species ''Stumpffia psologlossa'' Boettger, 1881, based on a single specimen collected on Nosy Be, a large island off the northwest coast of Madagascar, by Antonio Stumpff.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Boettger|first=Oskar|date=1881|title=Diagnoses Reptilium et Batrachiorum novorum ab ill. Antonio Stumpff in insula Nossi Bé Madagascariensi lectorum|journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger|volume=4|pages=358–362}}</ref> By 2017, 15 species were recognised. In late 2017, a major revision of the genus was published.<ref name="Rakoto17">{{cite journal|last1=Rakotoarison|first1=A.|last2=Scherz|first2=M.D.|last3=Glaw|first3=F.|last4=Köhler|first4=J|last5=Andreone|first5=F.|last6=Franzen|first6=M.|last7=Glos|first7=J.|last8=Hawlitschek|first8=O.|last9=Jono|first9=T.|last10=Mori|first10=A.|last11=Ndriantsoa|first11=S.H.|last12=Raminosoa Rasoamampionona|first12=N.|last13=Riemann|first13=J.C.|last14=Rödel|first14=M.-O.|last15=Rosa|first15=G.M.|last16=Vieites|first16=D.R.|last17=Crottini|first17=A.|last18=Vences|first18=M.|title=Describing the smaller majority: Integrative fast-track taxonomy reveals twenty-six new species of tiny microhylid frogs (genus ''Stumpffia'') from Madagascar|journal=Vertebrate Zoology|date=2017|volume=67|issue=3|pages=271–398}}</ref> This study used integrative taxonomy, i.e. the combination of multiple different datasets, to delimit and describe new species: it combined morphological, morphometric, chromatic (color), bioacoustic (voice), and genetic data to provide new data on the 15 described species of ''Stumpffia'', and describe a further 26 new species.<ref name="Rakoto17" />

== Debate on synonymy with ''Rhombophryne'' == The genus ''Stumpffia'' was proposed to be a junior synonym of ''Rhombophryne'' in 2016,<ref name="Pel16">{{cite journal|last1=Peloso|first1=P. L. V.|last2=Frost|first2=D. R.|last3=Richards|first3=S. J.|last4=Rodrigues|first4=M. T.|last5=Donnellan|first5=S.|last6=Matsui|first6=M.|last7=Raxworhty|first7=C. J.|last8=Biju|first8=S. D.|last9=Lemmon|first9=E. M.|last10=Lemmon|first10=A. R.|last11=Wheeler|first11=W. C.|title=The impact of anchored phylogenomics and taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference in narrow-mouthed frogs (Anura, Microhylidae)|journal=Cladistics|date=2016|volume=32|issue=2|pages=113–140|doi=10.1111/cla.12118|pmid=34732021 |s2cid=84925667|doi-access=free}}</ref> but this proposal was disputed and reversed by authors of a subsequent study, on the basis of their reciprocal monophyly and consistent morphological differences between the two genera that allow them to be distinguished.<ref name="Scherz16">{{cite journal|last1=Scherz|first1=Mark D.|last2=Vences|first2=Miguel|last3=Rakotoarison|first3=Andolalao|last4=Andreone|first4=Franco|last5=Köhler|first5=Jörn|last6=Glaw|first6=Frank|last7=Crottini|first7=Angelica|title=Reconciling molecular phylogeny, morphological divergence and classification of Madagascan narrow-mouthed frogs (Amphibia: Microhylidae)|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|date=2016|volume=100|pages=372–381|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.019|pmid=27085671}}</ref> The latter study established a new genus, ''Anilany'' for "''Stumpffia''" ''helenae'', a species that would otherwise have rendered ''Stumpffia'' paraphyletic, and which is morphologically and genetically highly distinct from any species of ''Rhombophryne'' or ''Stumpffia.''<ref name="Scherz16" />

This debate was continued in 2017, with one group of authors continuing to advocate for synonymy of these two genera plus ''Anilany'',<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Peloso|first1=Pedro L.V.|last2=Raxworthy|first2=Christopher J.|last3=Wheeler|first3=Ward C.|last4=Frost|first4=Darrel R.|title=Nomenclatural stability does not justify recognition of paraphyletic taxa: A response to Scherz et al. (2016)|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=111|pages=56–64|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2017.03.016|year=2017|pmid=28336422|doi-access=free}}</ref> while the other group of authors continued to advocate for separate treatment of these genera based on their monophyly and morphological distinction allowing them to be distinguished with comparative ease.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Scherz|first1=Mark D.|last2=Vences|first2=Miguel|last3=Rakotoarison|first3=Andolalao|last4=Andreone|first4=Franco|last5=Köhler|first5=Jörn|last6=Glaw|first6=Frank|last7=Crottini|first7=Angelica|date=2017|title=Lumping or splitting in the Cophylinae (Anura: Microhylidae) and the need for a parsimony of taxonomic changes: a response to Peloso et al. (2017)|journal=Salamandra|volume=53|issue=3|pages=479–483}}</ref> There was a temporary impasse, wherein the [http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Microhylidae/Cophylinae/Rhombophryne Amphibian Species of the World] database continued to adopt the single-genus taxonomy, and as a result, so too did the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species and other online databases (e.g. iNaturalist) that draw from that resource. Meanwhile, [http://www.amphibiaweb.org AmphibiaWeb] continued to use the three-genus taxonomy, as did the taxonomists working on cophyline systematics,<ref name="Rakoto17" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lambert|first1=Shea M.|last2=Hutter|first2=Carl R.|last3=Scherz|first3=Mark D.|date=2017-02-24|title=Diamond in the rough: a new species of fossorial diamond frog (Rhombophryne) from Ranomafana National Park, southeastern Madagascar|journal=Zoosystematics and Evolution|language=en|volume=93|issue=1|pages=143–155|doi=10.3897/zse.93.10188|issn=1860-0743|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Scherz|first1=Mark D.|last2=Hawlitschek|first2=Oliver|last3=Andreone|first3=Franco|last4=Rakotoarison|first4=Andolalao|last5=Vences|first5=Miguel|last6=Glaw|first6=Frank|date=2017-06-06|title=A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists|journal=Zootaxa|language=en|volume=4273|issue=3|pages=301–340|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4273.3.1|issn=1175-5334|pmid=28610237}}</ref> and other groups working more broadly on frog evolution and taxonomy.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Feng|first1=Yan-Jie|last2=Blackburn|first2=David C.|last3=Liang|first3=Dan|last4=Hillis|first4=David M.|last5=Wake|first5=David B.|last6=Cannatella|first6=David C.|last7=Zhang|first7=Peng|date=2017-07-18|title=Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=114|issue=29|pages=E5864–E5870|doi=10.1073/pnas.1704632114|pmid=28673970|pmc=5530686|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Tu|first1=Na|last2=Yang|first2=MengHua|last3=Liang|first3=Dan|last4=Zhang|first4=Peng|date=September 2018|title=A large-scale phylogeny of Microhylidae inferred from a combined dataset of 121 genes and 427 taxa|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=126|pages=85–91|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.036|pmid=29649581|s2cid=5023319 |issn=1055-7903}}</ref>

In March 2019, a new genus, ''Mini'', was described for the miniaturised frogs previously confused with ''Stumpffia'' that are more closely related to ''Plethodontohyla.''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Scherz|first1=Mark D.|last2=Hutter|first2=Carl R.|last3=Rakotoarison|first3=Andolalao|last4=Riemann|first4=Jana C.|last5=Rödel|first5=Mark-Oliver|last6=Ndriantsoa|first6=Serge H.|last7=Glos|first7=Julian|last8=Hyde Roberts|first8=Sam|last9=Crottini|first9=Angelica|date=2019-03-27|editor-last=Crowther|editor-first=Mathew S.|title=Morphological and ecological convergence at the lower size limit for vertebrates highlighted by five new miniaturised microhylid frog species from three different Madagascan genera|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=14|issue=3|article-number=e0213314|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0213314|pmid=30917162|issn=1932-6203|pmc=6436692|bibcode=2019PLoSO..1413314S|doi-access=free}}</ref> Evidence in this study, as well as that presented in a paper by Na Tu et al. in 2018,<ref name=":0" /> helped to clarify the taxonomic situation, and the [http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Microhylidae/Cophylinae/Rhombophryne Amphibian Species of the World] database reverted to treating ''Rhombophryne'', ''Anilany'', and ''Stumpffia'' as valid genera.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Microhylidae/Cophylinae/Rhombophryne|title=Rhombophryne Botteger, 1880|last=American Museum of Natural History|website=Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an online reference|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402154429/http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Microhylidae/Cophylinae/Rhombophryne|archive-date=2019-04-02|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref>

==Species== There are over 40 currently recognised species:<ref name=frost/><ref name="Rakoto17" /><ref name=Glaw2015>{{Cite journal |author1=Glaw, F. |author2=D. Vallan |author3=F. Andreone |author4=D. Edmonds |author5=R. Dolch |author6=M. Vences | year = 2015 | title = Beautiful bright belly: A distinctive new microhylid frog (Amphibia: ''Stumpffia'') from eastern Madagascar | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3925 | issue = 1 | pages = 120–128 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3925.1.8| pmid = 25781734 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3925.1.8| url-access = subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Crottini|first1=Angelica|last2=Rosa|first2=Gonçalo M.|last3=Penny|first3=Samuel G.|last4=Cocca|first4=Walter|last5=Holderied|first5=Marc W.|last6=Rakotozafy|first6=Lovasoa M. S.|last7=Andreone|first7=Franco|date=2020-05-18|title=A new stump-toed frog from the transitional forests of NW Madagascar (Anura, Microhylidae, Cophylinae, Stumpffia)|url=https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/47619/|journal=ZooKeys|issue=933|pages=139–164|doi=10.3897/zookeys.933.47619|pmid=32547290|pmc=7285848|issn=1313-2970|doi-access=free}}</ref> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| * ''Stumpffia achillei'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia analamaina'' Klages ''et al''., 2013 * ''Stumpffia analanjirofo'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia angeluci'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia be'' Köhler, Vences, D'Cruze, and Glaw, 2010 * ''Stumpffia betampona'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia bishopi'' Rakotoarison, Glaw, Rasolonjatovo, Razafindraibe, Vences, and Scherz, 2022 * ''Stumpffia contumelia'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia davidattenboroughi'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017, named after David Attenborough * ''Stumpffia diutissima'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia dolchi'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia edmondsi'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia froschaueri'' Crottini ''et al''., 2020, named after Christoph Froschauer * ''Stumpffia fusca'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia garraffoi'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia gimmeli'' Glaw and Vences, 1992 * ''Stumpffia grandis'' Guibé, 1974 * ''Stumpffia hara'' Köhler, Vences, D'Cruze, and Glaw, 2010 * ''Stumpffia huwei'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia iharana'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia jeannoeli'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia kibomena'' Glaw ''et al''., 2015<ref name=Glaw2015/> * ''Stumpffia larinki'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia lynnae'' Mullin, Rakotomanga, Dawson, Glaw, Rakotoarison, Orozco-terWengel, and Scherz, 2022 * ''Stumpffia madagascariensis'' Mocquard, 1895 * ''Stumpffia makira'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia maledicta'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia mamitika'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia megsoni'' Köhler, Vences, D'Cruze, and Glaw, 2010 * ''Stumpffia meikeae'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia miery'' Ndriantsoa ''et al''., 2013 * ''Stumpffia miovaova'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia nigrorubra'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia obscoena'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia pardus'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia psologlossa'' Boettger, 1881 * ''Stumpffia pygmaea'' Vences and Glaw, 1991 * ''Stumpffia roseifemoralis'' Guibé, 1974 * ''Stumpffia sorata'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia spandei'' Rakotoarison, ''et al''., 2017 * ''Stumpffia staffordi'' Köhler, Vences, D'Cruze, and Glaw, 2010 * ''Stumpffia tetradactyla'' Vences and Glaw, 1991 * ''Stumpffia tridactyla'' Guibé, 1975 * ''Stumpffia yanniki'' Rakotoarison ''et al''., 2017 }} The taxon ''Stumpffia helenae'''' Vallan, 2000 was transferred to ''Anilany''<ref name="Scherz16" /> and therefore does not appear on this list.

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Stumpffia Category:Cophylinae Category:Endemic frogs of Madagascar Category:Amphibian genera Category:Taxa named by Oskar Boettger