Stars and Stripes (newspaper)

{{Short description|American military newspaper}} {{Use American English|date=January 2026}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2012}} {{Infobox newspaper | name = Stars and Stripes | logo = Stars and sripes logo.svg | logo_size = | logo_alt = | image = Image:Stars and Stripes front page.jpg | image_size = 225px | image_border = yes | image_alt = | caption = The July 27, 2005 front page of<br />''Stars and Stripes'' (Middle East Edition) | motto = | type = Daily newspaper | format = Tabloid | school = | owner = Defense Media Activity  | founder =  | publisher = Max D. Lederer Jr.{{r|StaffDirectory20220329}} | president = | general_manager = Laura Law (chief operating officer) | chief_editor = {{ubl|Robert Reid{{r|StaffDirectory20220329}}|{{small|Editorial director}}}} | editor = | deputy_editor = | associate_editor = | managing_editor = {{ubl|Ann Pinson{{r|StaffDirectory20220329}}|{{small|Digital managing editor}}}} | news_editor = | campus_editor = | campus_chief = | metro_editor = | metro_chief = | opinion_editor = | photo_editor = | staff_writers = | custom_label = Ombudsman | custom_data = | founded = {{start date and age|1861}}  | political_position = | language = English | ceased_publication =  | relaunched = | headquarters = {{ubl|633 3rd St. NW, Suite 500{{r|StaffDirectory20220329}}|Washington, DC 20001-3050}} | publishing_city = | publishing_country = {{hlist|United States{{r|StaffDirectory20220329}}|Mideast{{r|StaffDirectory20220329}}|Europe{{r|StaffDirectory20220329}}|Pacific{{r|StaffDirectory20220329}}}} | circulation = | circulation_date = | circulation_ref = | readership = | sister_newspapers = | ISSN = 0894-8542 | eISSN = | oclc = 8777119 | RNI =  | website = {{URL|https://www.stripes.com/|stripes.com}} | free = }}

'''''Stars and Stripes''''' is a daily American military newspaper reporting on matters concerning the members of the United States Armed Forces and their communities, with an emphasis on those serving outside the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-14 |title=Stars and Stripes job applicants are asked if they back Trump policies |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2026/01/14/stars-and-stripes-trump-loyalty-test/ |access-date=2026-01-15 |work=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> It operates from inside the Department of Defense, but is editorially separate from it, and its First Amendment protection is safeguarded by the United States Congress to whom an independent ombudsman, who serves the readers' interests, regularly reports.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stars and Stripes (newspaper) / 1.0 / encyclopedic |url=https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/stars-and-stripes-newspaper/ |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=1914-1918-Online (WW1) Encyclopedia |language=en-US}}</ref> As well as a website, ''Stars and Stripes'' publishes a global daily print edition for U.S. military service members serving overseas Monday through Friday.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-23 |title=Stars and Stripes Media Organization |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/04/23/2024-08527/stars-and-stripes-media-organization |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=Federal Register |language=en}}</ref> This global edition is also available as a free download in electronic format.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stars and Stripes Debut Daily E-papers, Subscriptions |url=https://www.dvidshub.net/news/532099/stars-and-stripes-debut-daily-e-papers-subscriptions |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=DVIDS |language=en}}</ref> The newspaper's headquarters is in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-10-12 |title=Contact Us |url=http://www.stripes.com/customer-service/contact-us |website=Stars and Stripes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929120113/http://www.stripes.com/customer-service/contact-us |archive-date=September 29, 2010 |quote=529 14th Street NW, Suite 350, Washington, D.C. 20045-1301}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Creation === On November 9, 1861, during the Civil War, soldiers of the 11th, 18th, and 29th Illinois Regiments set up camp in the Missouri city of Bloomfield. Finding the local newspaper's office empty, they decided to print a newspaper about their activities. They called it the ''Stars and Stripes''. Tradition holds this as the origin story for the newspaper, and the Stars and Stripes Museum/Library Association is located in Bloomfield.<ref name="SEM 2020-09-02">{{Cite web |title=The National Stars and Stripes Museum and Library |url=http://www.starsandstripesmuseumlibrary.org/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000817053620/http://www.starsandstripesmuseumlibrary.org/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=August 17, 2000 |access-date=2013-02-27 |publisher=The National Stars and Stripes Museum and Library}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Matthews |first=Ben |date=2020-09-02 |title=Words During Wars: Bloomfield Stars and Stripes Museum expands |language=en |work=Southeast Missourian |url=https://www.semissourian.com/story/2832113.html |access-date=2020-09-06}}</ref>

=== World War I === thumb|alt=Front page of a newspaper| The last issue of the WWI ''Stars and Stripes'' on June 13, 1919 [[File:1918-July 18 -- Stars and Stripes - illustration by Cyrus LeRoyBaldridge.jpg|thumb|July 19, 1918 – a ''Stars and Stripes'' illustration by Cyrus Leroy Baldridge]] During World War I, the staff, roving reporters, and illustrators of the ''Stars and Stripes'' were veteran reporters or young soldiers who would later become such in the post-war years. It was published by the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) from February 8, 1918, to June 13, 1919.<ref name="Library of Congress p. ">{{harvnb|Library of Congress|2018|p=}}</ref> Harold Ross, editor of the ''Stars and Stripes'', returned home to found ''The New Yorker'' magazine.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lipsky |first=Seth |date=2020-09-07 |title=Opinion {{!}} I Hope American Soldiers Read Stars and Stripes Forever |language=en-US |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/i-hope-american-soldiers-read-stars-and-stripes-forever-11599517781 |access-date=2020-09-08 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref> Cyrus Baldridge, its art director and principal illustrator, became a major illustrator of books and magazines, as well as a writer, print maker and stage designer. Sports page editor Grantland Rice had a long career in journalism and founded a motion picture studio called Grantland Rice Sportlight.<ref>{{Citation |title=1918-1919: A Talented Editorial Staff |url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/stars-and-stripes/articles-and-essays/behind-the-scenes/a-talented-editorial-staff/ |work=The Stars and Stripes |access-date=April 25, 2017 |publisher=Library of Congress Serial and Government Publications Division.}}</ref> Drama critic Alexander Woollcott's essays for ''Stars and Stripes'' were collected in his 1919 book, ''The Command Is Forward''.

The ''Stars and Stripes'' was then an eight-page weekly which reached a peak of 526,000 readers, relying on the improvisational efforts of its staff to get it printed in France and distributed to U.S. troops.  

=== World War II === [[File:Stars & Stripes & Hitler Dead2.jpg|thumb|upright|On May 2, 1945, ''Stars and Stripes'' announced Hitler's death.]]

During World War II, the newspaper was printed in dozens of editions in several operating theaters. Again, both newspapermen in uniform and young soldiers, some of whom would later become important journalists, filled the staffs. Some of the editions were assembled and printed very close to the front in order to get the latest information to the most troops. Also, during the war, the newspaper published the 53-book series ''G.I. Stories''. The Rome edition closed in 1945 and its printing press was transferred to the new ''Rome Daily American'' in an arrangement facilitated by the CIA.<ref>David Downie, ''Shadows of Rome'' (Seine, Tiber & Bay, 2025) chapteers 24-25</ref>

After Bill Mauldin did his popular "Up Front" cartoons for the World War II ''Stars and Stripes'', he returned home to a successful career as an editorial cartoonist and two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. Pulitzer Prize-winning American journalist and war correspondent Ernie Pyle was regularly published in the ''Stars and Stripes''<ref name="Maksel_20111101">{{Cite magazine |last=Maksel |first=Rebecca |date=2011-11-01 |title=Byline: Ernie Pyle |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/byline-ernie-pyle-76396157/ |url-status=live |magazine=Air & Space/Smithsonian |language=en-US |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |issn=0886-2257 |lccn=87654385 |oclc=1054386888 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211070910/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/byline-ernie-pyle-76396157/ |archive-date=2022-02-11 |access-date=2022-03-29 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=At War With The Stars And Stripes |url=https://www.americanheritage.com/war-stars-and-stripes |access-date=2022-02-11 |website=AMERICAN HERITAGE |language=en}}</ref> before he was killed by a Japanese machine-gunner on Iejima during the Battle of Okinawa.

The magazine frequently posted photographs of a young Marilyn Monroe, then known as Norma Jeane Dougherty, which later led her as being named "Miss Cheesecake 1952" by ''Stars and Stripes''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Banner |first=Lois |url=https://archive.org/details/marilynpassionpa0000bann_b1n1 |title=Marilyn: The Passion and the Paradox |year=2012 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=9781608195312 |url-access=registration}}</ref>

=== Modern era === thumb|left|''Stars and Stripes '' being delivered to US troops, 2003 Funding and relevance in the digital age have threatened the paper's budget. In 2013, the paper faced job cuts, printing-schedule changes, a pay-raise freeze and travel limitations for staff under the Federal budget sequestration.<ref name="MT 2017-08-08">{{Cite news |last=Oprihory |first=Jennifer-Leigh |date=2017-08-08 |title=Pentagon funding cuts may silence Stars and Stripes |language=en-US |work=Military Times |url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2016/04/26/pentagon-funding-cuts-may-silence-stars-and-stripes/ |access-date=2020-09-08}}</ref> The print newspapers provide the news back home to service members who are forward-deployed in areas lacking reliable internet access. Coverage of pay and benefits is of direct concern to service members and their families along with life on base and in the field.{{r|WP 2020/06/18}} The paper helps them be better-informed citizens about global geopolitics.{{r|MT 2017-08-08}} Budget cuts by the Pentagon were again considered in 2016.{{r|CNN 2020-2-10}}

The ''Wall Street Journal'' reported in February 2020, that a draft budget would reduce the newspaper's federal support in 2021 under a $5 billion shift to higher priorities in the defense budget.{{r|CNN 2020-2-10}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lubold |first=Gordon |date=February 14, 2020 |title=Military newspaper Stars and Stripes set to lose half its funding as Pentagon shifts budget priorities |language=en-US |work=MarketWatch |agency=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/military-newspaper-stars-and-stripes-set-to-lose-half-its-funding-as-pentagon-shifts-budget-priorities-2020-02-14 |access-date=2020-09-08}}</ref> Deputy Under Secretary of Defense Elaine McCusker indicated its funding would be cut and said: "We have essentially decided that, you know, kind of coming into the modern age that newspaper is probably not the best way that we communicate any longer."{{r|CNN 2020-2-10}} The subsidy is more than $15 million a year, which represents approximately half the publication's budget and roughly 0.002 percent of the Department of Defense budget, which was $721.5 billion in 2020. It was described by the ''Stars and Stripes'' ombudsman as "a fatal cut".<ref name="WP 2020/06/18">{{Cite news |last=Vyse |first=Graham |date=June 22, 2020 |title=The Stars and Stripes newspaper has long supported the troops. Now it needs Congress's support. |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/the-stars-and-stripes-newspaper-has-long-supported-the-troops-now-it-needs-congresss-support/2020/06/18/10046b92-8982-11ea-8ac1-bfb250876b7a_story.html |access-date=September 4, 2020}}</ref> In September, Defense Secretary Mark Esper justified the decision to discontinue publication of the paper as a result of his department-wide budget review.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 4, 2020 |title=Pentagon orders shutdown of Stars and Stripes newspaper |language=en |work=Politico |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/09/04/pentagon-halts-stars-and-stripes-newspaper-408945 |access-date=2020-09-08}}</ref> An order for the newspaper to shutter was issued, specifically by presenting a plan for it to dissolve by September 15,''' '''including "specific timeline for vacating government owned/leased space worldwide" and to end publication by September 30, 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kiely |first=Kathy |title=The Pentagon has ordered Stars and Stripes to shut down for no good reason |language=en-US |work=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/09/04/trump-and-stars-and-stripes-attacking-american-icon-column/5706859002/ |access-date=2020-09-04}}</ref> Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) led a bipartisan group opposed to the move, including Tammy Duckworth (D-IL), a veteran, and Susan Collins (R-ME).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wise |first=Justin |date=2 September 2020 |title=Senators call on Pentagon to reinstate funding for Stars and Stripes newspaper |language=en |work=The Hill |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/514851-senators-call-on-pentagon-to-reinstate-funding-for-independent-stars-and |access-date=September 4, 2020}}</ref> On September 4, US president Donald Trump appeared to reverse this position by tweeting that funding would not be cut.{{r|TG 2020-09-04}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 11, 2020 |title=Pentagon rescinding order to shutter Stars and Stripes newspaper |language=en-US |work=CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pentagon-rescinding-order-to-shutter-stars-and-stripes-newspaper/ |access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> On September 30 the order to close was rescinded.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Regan Mertz |date=20 November 2020 |title=After 159 years, Stars and Stripes is fighting for its future |work=Global Journalist |url=https://globaljournalist.org/2020/11/stars_stripes_future/}}</ref>

In January 2026, ''The Washington Post'' reported that job applicants to the newspaper were being asked to answer partisan questions under directives issued by the Office of Personnel Management.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Scott |first1=Liam |title=Stars and Stripes job applicants are asked if they back Trump policies |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2026/01/14/stars-and-stripes-trump-loyalty-test/ |access-date=15 January 2026 |work=The Washington Post |date=14 January 2026}}</ref> The next day, the Pentagon announced an overhaul of the newspaper's editorial policies. Pentagon spokesman Sean Parnell said that ''Stars and Stripes'' content would be refocused "away from woke distractions that syphon morale."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dickstein |first1=Corey |title=Pentagon says it will ‘refocus’ Stars and Stripes content |url=https://www.stripes.com/theaters/us/2026-01-15/pentagon-refocus-stars-and-stripes-content-20415816.html |access-date=15 January 2026 |work=Stars and Stripes |language=en}}</ref> The Daily Wire, a conservative publication, reported that the goal is for the publication's content to be written by active-duty service members rather than civilian staff members. Half of the website's content will be composed of Defense Department-generated materials, including images captured by combat cameras.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pentagon Refocuses ‘Stars & Stripes’ On ‘Reporting For Our Warfighters’ |url=https://www.dailywire.com/news/pentagon-refocuses-stars-stripes-on-reporting-for-our-warfighters |access-date=15 January 2026 |work=www.dailywire.com |date=15 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

Jacqueline Smith, the newspaper's ombudsman, called the plans "contrary to the news organization's mission."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Scott |first1=Liam |last2=Nover |first2=Scott |title=Pentagon to overhaul independent military newspaper, calling it ‘woke’ |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2026/01/15/stars-and-stripes-pentagon-editorial-independence/ |access-date=15 January 2026 |work=The Washington Post |date=15 January 2026}}</ref> The Pentagon fired Smith in April 2026 without explanation. Smith surmised it had to do with her criticism of the administration's plans.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Scott |first1=Liam |last2=Nover |first2=Scott |title=Pentagon fires ombudsman overseeing military newspaper after calling it ‘woke’ |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2026/04/23/stars-stripes-ombudsman-fired-pentagon/ |work=The Washington Post |date=23 April 2026}}</ref>

In March 2026, the Pentagon issued a memo ordering Stars & Stripes to stop publishing certain types of content to adhere to interim military policies, including most stories from wire services like the Associated Press and Reuters. The memo states content must be "consistent with good order and discipline," a phrase found in the Uniform Code of Military Justice.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mordowanec |first1=Nick |title=Pentagon Restricts 'Stars & Stripes' Content in New 'Modernization Plan' |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2026/03/14/pentagon-restricts-stars-stripes-content-new-modernization-plan.html |access-date=15 March 2026 |work=Military.com |date=14 March 2026 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Aspan |first1=Maria |title=Pentagon tightens controls over Stars and Stripes after calling it "woke" |url=https://www.npr.org/2026/03/14/nx-s1-5748020/pentagon-tightens-controls-over-stars-and-stripes-after-calling-it-woke |access-date=15 March 2026 |work=NPR |date=14 March 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

==Operations== ''Stars and Stripes'' is authorized by Congress and the U.S. Department of Defense to produce independent daily military news and information distributed at U.S. military installations in Europe and Mideast and East Asia. A weekly derivative product is distributed within the United States by its commercial publishing partners. ''Stars and Stripes'' newspaper averages 32 pages each day and is published in tabloid format and online at www.stripes.com/epaper. With the website, a social media presence and a couple of podcasts, it is a modern multimedia operation.{{r|WP 2020/06/18}} ''Stars and Stripes'' employs civilian reporters, and U.S. military senior non-commissioned officers as reporters, at a number of locations around the world, and on any given day has an audience just shy of 1.0 million. ''Stars and Stripes'' also serves independent military news and information to an online audience of about 2.0 million unique visitors per month, 60 to 70 percent of whom are located in the United States.

''Stars and Stripes'' is a non-appropriated fund (NAF) organization, only partially subsidized by the Department of Defense.<ref name="CNN 2020-2-10">{{Cite news |last=Darcy |first=Oliver |date=2020-02-10 |title=Defense Department proposes cutting funding to Stars and Stripes |work=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/10/media/stars-and-stripes-newspaper-defense-department-funding/index.html |access-date=2020-09-04}}</ref> A large portion of its operating costs is earned through the sale of advertising and subscriptions but it relies on government funding to back overseas reporting and distribution. Unique among the many military publications, ''Stars and Stripes'' operates as a First Amendment newspaper and is part of the Defense Media Activity, formed in 2005.<ref name="TG 2020-09-04">{{Cite news |last=Pengelly |first=Martin |date=2020-09-04 |title=Trump says he will not cut funding to Stars and Stripes newspaper |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/04/pentagon-stars-and-stripes-newspaper-trump |access-date=2020-09-04 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The other entities encompassed by the Defense Media Activity (the DoD News Channel and Armed Forces Radio and Television Service, for example), are command publications of the Department of Defense; only ''Stars and Stripes'' maintains complete editorial independence.

''Stars and Stripes'' is in the process of digitizing its World War II editions. Newspaper microfilm from 1949 to 1999 is now in searchable format through a partnership with Heritage Microfilm and has been integrated into an archives website. Newspaper Archive has also more recently{{when|date=April 2024}} made the England, Ireland and Mediterranean editions from World War II available.

==Former staffers== The newspaper has been published continuously in Europe since 1942 and in the Pacific since 1945.

Notable former ''Stars and Stripes'' staffers include: CBS ''60 Minutes''{{'}} Andy Rooney and Steve Kroft; songwriter and author Shel Silverstein; comic book illustrator Tom Sutton; authors Gustav Hasford and Ralph G. Martin; cartoonist Bill Mauldin; painter and cartoonist Paul Fontaine; author and television news correspondent Tony Zappone; cartoonist Vernon Grant (''A Monster Is Loose in Tokyo''); Hollywood photographer Phil Stern; New Hampshire politician Daniel M. Burnham and stock market reporter and host of public television's ''Wall Street Week'', Louis Rukeyser, and the only Black reporter in WWII, Allan Morrison.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Allan Morrison: Barrier breaker, civil rights hero |url=https://www.stripes.com/allan-morrison-barrier-breaker-civil-rights-hero-1.462072}}</ref> Patricia Collins Hughes was a former WASP and advocate for WASP veteran status.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hughes |first=Patricia Collins |date=1977-12-01 |title=[Clipping: Hallelujah! WASPs Are Veterans at Last!] |url=https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1010478/m1/1/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |website="Hallelujah! WASPs Are Veterans at Last!," The Stars and Stripes-The National Tribune, Washington D.C., December 1, 1977. |language=English}}</ref>

Dan Stoneking was the editor of ''Stars and Stripes'' during the Vietnam War while based in Tokyo.<ref>{{cite news|title=Award Bronze Star To Rock Islander|date=November 17, 1967|newspaper=The Rock Island Argus|page=1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-rock-island-argus-stoneking-1967/183935069/}}; {{cite news|title=RI Soldier Receives Bronze Star|date=November 18, 1967|newspaper=Quad-City Times|location=Davenport, Iowa|page=16|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/quad-city-times-stoneking-1967/183934993/}}</ref>

==In popular culture== {{unreferenced section|date=August 2017}} A photograph in ''Stars and Stripes'' loosely inspired the exploits of PFC Jack Agnew in the 1965 novel and its 1967 film adaptation, ''The Dirty Dozen''.

American comic strips have been presented in a 15-page section, ''Stripes' Sunday Comics''.[[File:Stars and Stripes Museum.JPG|thumb|right|The Stars and Stripes Museum at Bloomfield, Stoddard County, Missouri]]Sergeant J.T. "Joker" Davis and Private First Class "Rafterman" are a war correspondent and combat photographer, respectively, stationed in Da Nang for ''Stars and Stripes'' in Stanley Kubrick's 1987 film ''Full Metal Jacket''.

==See also== {{Portal|Journalism}} * Ensley Llewellyn * List of newspapers in Washington, D.C. * ''Yank, the Army Weekly''

==References== {{Reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="StaffDirectory20220329">{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=Stars And Stripes {{!}} Staff Directory |url=https://ww2.stripes.com/contact/directory |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317014748/https://ww2.stripes.com/contact/directory |archive-date=2022-03-17 |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=Stars and Stripes |language=en-US |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

}}

==Further reading== *{{Cite web |last=Library of Congress |author-link=Library of Congress |date=2018 |title=Stars and Stripes: The American Soldiers' Newspaper of World War I, 1918 to 1919 |url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/stars-and-stripes/about-this-collection/ |access-date=February 7, 2018 |publisher=Library of Congress}}

== External links == {{Commons category|Stars and Stripes (newspaper)}} *{{Official website|https://www.stripes.com/}} **[https://www.stripes.com/epaper ''Stars and Stripes'' digital editions] *{{Newseum front page|SSM|Stars and Stripes Mideast Edition}} *[http://www.stripes.com/multimedia.asp ''Stars and Stripes'' multimedia gallery] *[https://www.loc.gov/collections/stars-and-stripes/about-this-collection/ Stars and Stripes: The American Soldiers' Newspaper of World War I, 1918 to 1919] * {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.dod.dimoc.30125|name=The Story of Stars and Stripes}} * {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.2569909|name=Big Picture: All the World to All the Troops}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stars And Stripes (newspaper)}} Category:Mass media of the military of the United States Category:Newspapers published in Washington, D.C. Category:1861 establishments in Missouri Category:Newspapers established in 1861