{{Short description|Unincorporated community in Virginia, United States}} {{Use American English|date=July 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}} {{Infobox settlement |name = Bremo Bluff |official_name = |settlement_type = Unincorporated community |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = Bremo Bluff, Virginia USGS 1994.jpeg |imagesize = |image_caption = Aerial photo of Bremo Bluff in 1994 |image_flag = |image_seal = |pushpin_map = Virginia#USA |pushpin_label_position = right |pushpin_map_caption = Location within the Commonwealth of Virginia |pushpin_mapsize = |image_map = |map_caption = Location within Fluvanna county |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = | subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Virginia |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Fluvanna |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = Land patent |established_date = March 6, 1636 |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |population_footnotes = <ref name="Neighborhood-23022" /> |population_total = 656 |population_as_of = 2010 |timezone = Eastern (EST) | utc_offset = −5 |timezone_DST = EDT | utc_offset_DST = −4 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_ft = 452 |coordinates = {{coord|37.712|-78.298|region:US-VA_type:city|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 23022 |area_code = 434<ref name="Neighborhood-23022" /> |website = |footnotes = }} '''Bremo Bluff''' is an unincorporated community located on the northern bank of the James River in Fluvanna County, Virginia, United States.<ref name="Neighborhood-23022">{{cite web|url=http://www.neighborhoodlink.com/zip/23022|title=23022 Zip Code Profile|publisher=Neighborhood Link|accessdate=December 1, 2010}}</ref> The locale was established by the Cocke family in 1636.<ref name="WilliamMary-Quarterly-193310">{{cite journal|last=Moore|first=William Cabell|jstor=1919767|title=Gen. John Hartwell Cocke of Bremo 1780–1866: A Brief Biography and Genealogical Review with a Short History of Old Bremo|journal=William and Mary Quarterly|publisher=The College of William & Mary|volume=13|issue=4|pages=207–218|date=October 1933}}</ref> During the American Civil War, the family of General Robert E. Lee sought refuge in the community.<ref name="FluvannaReview-20080626">{{cite journal|last=Holen|first=O.T.|url=http://www.fluvannareview.vivushosting.com/articleDisplay.aspx?NewsID=2352|title=Mrs. Robert E. Lee’s Visit(s) to Bremo Bluff|journal=Fluvanna Review|date=June 26, 2008|accessdate=December 4, 2010}}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It is home to Bremo Power Station, which, at one point, generated 3 percent of the total electricity delivered by utility company Dominion Energy.<ref name="Dominion-Bremo-Station">{{cite web|title=Bremo Power Station|url=http://www.dom.com/about/stations/fossil/bremo-power-station.jsp|publisher=Dominion Resources|year=2008|accessdate=November 30, 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205191452/https://www.dom.com/about/stations/fossil/bremo-power-station.jsp|archivedate=December 5, 2010|df=}}</ref>
==History== [[File:Bremo Plantation (Fluvanna County, Virginia).jpg|thumb|140px|left|Bremo Plantation]] The history of Bremo Bluff can be traced back to the prominent Cocke family of the Tidewater region of Virginia.<ref name="FluvannaReview-20040226">{{cite journal|last=Browning |first=Sally |url=https://www.caarmls.com/CAARReports/media/428112_112602.doc |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708110524/http://www.caarmls.com/CAARReports/media/428112_112602.doc |title=Bremo Bluff: From Beginning to End |journal=Fluvanna Review |date=February 26, 2004 |archivedate=July 8, 2011 |accessdate=December 4, 2010 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Richard Cocke, an English immigrant, was granted a land patent on March 6, 1636, that covered {{convert|3000|acres|km2}} along the James River.<ref name="WilliamMary-Quarterly-193310" /> The Cocke family settlement was named "Bremo" after their ancestral home of Braemore in the United Kingdom.<ref name="FluvannaReview-20040226" />
To retain their claim as descendants, the brothers Benjamin and Richard Cocke cleared and developed the area of Bremo Bluff around 1725. In 1808, John Hartwell Cocke II began building a plantation estate of three houses, which he named Bremo. He invested in the James River and Kanawha Company to develop a series of locks and canals that began operating around 1840 to improve river transportation. A boat wharf was built to accommodate the river traffic that became an important part of the local economy by the 1850s. However, a series of floods and the American Civil War brought an end to this era.<ref name="FluvannaReview-20040226" />
[[File:Mary Anna Custis Lee cropped.jpg|thumb|140px|left|Mary Anna Custis Lee]] Mary Anna Custis Lee, the wife of the Confederate general Robert E. Lee, stayed in the Fluvanna County area on several occasions as a safe haven from the Civil War.<ref name="FluvannaReview-20080626" /> She spent time at the Bremo Plantation,<ref name="MountVernon-20060822-religion">{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Mary V.|url=http://www.mountvernon.org/files/Religion-Appendix_4.pdf|title=Statements by Washington/Custis Family Members Concerning Religion, God, Life, Death, Charity, and Morality|publisher=The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association|date=August 22, 2006|accessdate=December 6, 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804213338/http://www.mountvernon.org/files/Religion-Appendix_4.pdf|archivedate=August 4, 2010|df=}}</ref> where her family friend and owner, Dr. Cary Charles Cocke, had a special bed built to accommodate her needs because of rheumatoid arthritis. She was usually accompanied by her son Rob and daughters Agnes and Mildred. Despite the risk of prosecution, Mary Anna Custis Lee and Dr. Cocke taught slaves to read, which was illegal at that time in the Confederate States of America, as they were opposed to slavery.<ref name="FluvannaReview-20080626" />
In November 1865 after the war, the Lee family departed for Lexington, Virginia, where Robert E. Lee had become the president of Washington College. A few months before the death of her husband in 1870, Mary Anna Custis Lee returned to visit the area once again.<ref name="FluvannaReview-20080626" />
===Industrial development=== The remnants of the local canal route were acquired by the Richmond and Allegheny Railroad in 1880 to build a new railway. Bremo Bluff soon became one of the five busiest stops for passenger and freight traffic. By 1918, four trains each day were stopping at the town.<ref name="FluvannaReview-20040226" />
In 1931, the Virginia Electric & Power Company constructed a 30-megawatt coal-fired power station along the path of the James River Line at Bremo Bluff.<ref name="Dominion-Bremo-Station" /><ref name="Dominion-History">{{cite web|title=Dominion History|url=http://www.dom.com/about/dominion-history.jsp|publisher=Dominion Resources|year=2008|accessdate=November 30, 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205185243/https://www.dom.com/about/dominion-history.jsp|archivedate=December 5, 2010|df=}}</ref> The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway's Strathmore Yard, located nearby to the west, was once a junction to the Virginia Air Line Railway, but was later abandoned. The railway along the James River is now owned by CSX Transportation and is connected by the Buckingham Branch Railroad to Dillwyn, Virginia, which provides the coal to feed the power station.<ref name="TrainWeb-Buckingham">{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Paul A.|url=http://www.trainweb.org/varail/bb.html|title=Buckingham Branch Railroad|publisher=TrainWeb|date=February 18, 1998|accessdate=December 1, 2010}}</ref>
Bremo Power Station was operated most recently by Dominion Energy. An 80-megawatt generator entered service in 1950, followed by a 170-megawatt unit in 1958. After the original 30-megawatt system was shut down in 1972, total capacity has remained over 240 megawatts, delivered over a {{convert|30000|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} area.<ref name="Dominion-Bremo-Station" /> On June 25, 2008, the Virginia Air Pollution Control Board voted to require Dominion Resources to adapt the plant to utilize natural gas.<ref name="VirginiaBusiness-20080701">{{cite web|last=Kranz|first=Garry|author2=Squires, Paula C.|url=http://www.virginiabusiness.com/index.php/news/article/keeping-the-lights-on-in-a-low-carbon-world/1090/|title=Keeping the lights on in a low-carbon world|publisher=Virginia Business|date=July 1, 2008|accessdate=December 4, 2010}}</ref> The power station is scheduled to be completely demolished by the end of 2022.<ref name="FluvannaReview-20220615">{{cite web|last=Michon|first=Heather|url=https://fluvannareview.com/2022/06/demolition-of-bremo-power-station-to-be-completed-by-years-end/|title=Demolition of Bremo Power Station to be completed by year’s end|publisher=Fluvanna Review|date=June 15, 2022|accessdate=September 22, 2022}}</ref>
==Landmarks== [[File:Bremo slave chapel.jpg|thumb|140px|Bremo Slave Chapel]] Bremo Bluff can be accessed from U.S. Route 15 and lies across the James River from Buckingham County to the south. The historic area of the village, called "Bachelor's Quarters", is located along Route 657.<ref name="FluvannaReview-20040226" />
Nearby to the west, the Bremo Historic District includes the Cocke family plantation and is a National Historic Landmark. Based on the Palladian architecture of Thomas Jefferson, the plantation mansion was designed by John Hartwell Cocke with master builder John Neilson, who had worked with Jefferson on Monticello. The estate once included the Bremo Slave Chapel, which has since been moved to the center of the Blemo Bluff village and is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.<ref name="Virginia-Landmarks-Register-1999">{{cite journal|last=Loth|first=Calder|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJa_64aH1iMC&pg=PA172&dq=bremo+bluff|title=Fluvanna County|journal=The Virginia Landmarks Register|publisher=University of Virginia Press|page=172|year=1999|accessdate=December 3, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Americas-Religious-Architecture-1997">{{cite journal|last=Chiat|first=Marilyn Joyce Segal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I0GviYfRKOsC&pg=PA237&dq=bremo+bluff|title=Bremo Slave Chapel|journal=America's Religious Architecture: Sacred Places for Every Community|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York City|page=237|year=1997|accessdate=December 3, 2010}}</ref>
Also listed on the National Register of Historic Places are Glen Arvon and Rivanna Farm.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
==Demographics== Bremo Bluff is part of the Charlottesville metropolitan area. The local zip code of 23022 was populated by 328 men and 328 women in 2010. The median ages of the men and women were 40.8 and 41.8, respectively. The average home value was $56,000 and the average annual household income was $54,396. 129 people were employed across 14 local businesses, generating a total annual payroll of $6,243,000 as of 2010.<ref name="Neighborhood-23022" />
==Geology== The "Big Sandstone" vein of quartzite was discovered at Bremo Bluff by the Tellurium Mine,<ref name="Bulletin-Virginia-1913">{{cite journal|last=Taber|first=Stephen|url=https://archive.org/details/geologyofgoldbel00tabe|quote=bremo bluff.|title=Geology of the Gold Belt in the James River Basin|journal=Bulletin, Virginia Division of Mineral Resources, Virginia Geological Survey, Virginia Division of Geology|publisher=University of Virginia|location=Charlottesville|pages=[https://archive.org/details/geologyofgoldbel00tabe/page/16 16]–19|year=1913|accessdate=December 2, 2010}}</ref> which also had been a source of various precious metals since 1832.<ref name="Mindat-Tellurium">{{cite web|url=http://www.mindat.org/loc-19819.html|title=Tellurium Mine|publisher=Mindat.org|accessdate=December 1, 2010}}</ref>
==Climate== The climate of Bremo Bluff is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa" (Humid temperate hot summer).<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=399044&cityname=Bremo+Bluff%2C+Virginia%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Bremo Bluff, Virginia]</ref> {{Weather box |location = Bremo Bluff, Virginia(1991-2020 Normals) |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan high F = 48.9 |Feb high F = 52.8 |Mar high F = 61.4 |Apr high F = 72.6 |May high F = 80.1 |Jun high F = 87.6 |Jul high F = 91.7 |Aug high F = 90.1 |Sep high F = 83.5 |Oct high F = 72.9 |Nov high F = 61.7 |Dec high F = 52.2 |year high F = |Jan low F = 22.1 |Feb low F = 23.9 |Mar low F = 30.3 |Apr low F = 39.8 |May low F = 49.9 |Jun low F = 58.5 |Jul low F = 63.3 |Aug low F = 61.9 |Sep low F = 54.4 |Oct low F = 41.3 |Nov low F = 30.6 |Dec low F = 25.2 |year low F = |Jan precipitation inch = 3.30 |Feb precipitation inch = 2.79 |Mar precipitation inch = 4.01 |Apr precipitation inch = 3.28 |May precipitation inch = 4.86 |Jun precipitation inch = 4.28 |Jul precipitation inch = 5.13 |Aug precipitation inch = 3.81 |Sep precipitation inch = 4.15 |Oct precipitation inch = 3.99 |Nov precipitation inch = 3.63 |Dec precipitation inch = 3.62 |year precipitation inch = |source 1 = NOAA <ref name=NOAA> {{cite web |url =https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=akq |publisher=NOAA |title=weather.gov |year=2023 }} Retrieved on August 23, 2023. </ref> |date=August 2023 }}
==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==Further reading== *{{cite journal|last=Taylor|first=James Y.|title=Bremo Bluff, A River Village|journal=Bulletin of the Fluvanna County Historical Society|volume=68–69|date=1999–2000}}
==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110207230223/http://bremobluff.com/ Historic Bremo Bluff, Virginia] *[http://virginia.hometownlocator.com/va/fluvanna/bremo-bluff.cfm Bremo Bluff, Virginia community profile] at HomeTownLocator
<!--{{Coord|37|42|45|N|78|17|51|W|type:city_region:US-VA|display=title}}--> {{Fluvanna County, Virginia}}
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Category:Unincorporated communities in Fluvanna County, Virginia Category:Populated places established in 1636 Category:Populated places on the James River (Virginia) Bremo Bluff Category:1636 establishments in the Colony of Virginia