{{Short description|Polish ornithologist (1854–1928)}} {{Infobox person | name = Jan Sztolcman | image = Jan Sztolcman 1.png | caption = Picture of Sztolcman from the 1920s | birth_date = {{birth date|1854|11|19}} | birth_place = Warsaw, Congress Poland | death_date = {{death date and age|1928|4|29|1854|11|19}} | death_place = Warsaw, Poland | occupation = Zoologist, explorer and ornithologist | education = University of Warsaw | known for = | awards = }} '''Jan Stanisław Sztolcman''' (sometimes referred to as '''Jean Stanislaus Stolzmann''') (19 November 1854, Warsaw – 28 April 1928, Warsaw) was a Polish zoologist, ornithologist and collector naturalist who travelled extensively in South America. He was also a promoter of conservation and worked to prevent the European bison from going extinct.
==Biography== [[File:Jan Sztolcman, Józef Siemiradzki and dog.jpg|thumb|Jan Sztolcman, Józef Siemiradzki and dog in Ecuador in 1883|left]] Sztolcman was born in Warsaw and went to the 3rd Gymnasium. At an early age he was influenced by the travel writings of Gustave Aymard, Thomas Mayne Reid and the fiction of Jules Verne. Beginning in 1872, Sztolcman studied zoology at the Imperial University of Warsaw. He worked on the cabinet of Władysław Taczanowski and from 1875 to 1882, he joined Konstanty Jelski to collect zoological specimens in South America, primarily in Peru, and from 1882 to 1884, he lived and worked in Ecuador. He collected several hundred species of birds from South America, with some of the specimens being little known or entirely unknown to European ornithologists. In 1884, he returned to Warsaw, where in 1887 he was appointed director of the newly founded Branicki zoological museum.<ref>[http://histmag.org/Jan-Sztolcman-mysliwy-ktory-uratowal-zubra-9425 ''Jan Sztolcman: myśliwy, który uratował żubra'' - Histmag.org.] (biography). (in Polish).</ref> He also held the position of professor of geology and paleontology. In 1899 he founded the periodical ''Łowiec Polski'' that he edited until his death. In 1901 he went to Sudan with Jozef Potocki. From 1924 he lectured on hunting at the Warsaw University of Life Sciences and at the Forestry school in Łowicz. At the International Congress for Nature Conservation in 1923 he proposed a Polish project to save the European bison which was based on the American Bison Society and its work.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |author=Domaniewski, Janusz |url=https://bc.radom.pl/dlibra/publication/45001/edition/43642/content |title=Jan Sztolcman |publisher=Nakładem Państwowego Muzeum Zoologicznego |year=1929 |place=Warszawa |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mierzwa-Szymkowiak |first1=D. |last2=Breure |first2=A. S. H. |date=2017 |title=Inside and outside the Neotropics: three Polish naturalists during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries |url=https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/10.3366/anh.2017.0423 |journal=Archives of Natural History |language=en |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=151–158 |doi=10.3366/anh.2017.0423 |issn=0260-9541|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==Eponyms== Sztolcman described a number of bird taxa but many other specimens he collected in other groups were named by specialists in his honour with the specific epithet of ''stolzmanni''.<ref>Jobling, James A. (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-RfSBAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Jan+Sztolcman%22+1854&pg=PA366 ''Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names''.] London: Christopher Helm. 431 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4081-2501-4}}. ("''stolzmanni'' ", p. 366).</ref> For example, two species of lizard are named in his honor: ''Liolaemus stolzmanni'' and ''Microlophus stolzmanni''.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Stolzmann", p. 255).</ref> Other taxa include ''Chlorothraupis stolzmanni,'' ''Catharus dryas sztolcmani'', ''Oreotrochilus stolzmanni'', ''Papilio glaucolaus sztolcmani'', ''Mustela stolzmanni'', ''Hydrometra sztolcmani'', ''Nenia sztolcmani'', and ''Campylaea sztolcmani''.<ref name=":0" />
==Written works== Among Sztolcman's written works is a 1926 treatise on the European bison, titled ''[https://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/publication/286973/edition/236472 Żubr, jego historia, obyczaje i przyszłość]'' (The wisent, its history, behavior and future). He was the founding editor of the magazine Łowiec Polski. Other significant works by Sztolcman are: *''[https://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/publication/257203/edition/212990?language=en Ornitologia łowiecka]'' (1905) – Ornithological hunting. *''Wspomnienia z podróży'' (volumes 1, 2); (1912) – Memoirs of the journey. *''[https://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/publication/257204/edition/212991 Szkice ornitologiczne]'' (1916) – Ornithological sketches.<ref>"List of published works copied from an equivalent article at the Polish Wikipedia".</ref>
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://www.wbc.poznan.pl//dlibra/metadatasearch?action=AdvancedSearchAction&type=-3&val1=Creator:%22Sztolcman+Jan+%5C(1854%E2%80%931928%5C)%22 Works by Sztolcman] * [https://muzeauczelniane.pl/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Memorabilia-NS-3.pdf Sztolcman's correspondence] * [https://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/results?q=Sztolcman+Jan+&action=SimpleSearchAction&type=-6&p=0 Polish digital library] ** [https://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/publication/81576 Łowiec Polski]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sztolcman, Jan}} Category:1854 births Category:1928 deaths Category:Scientists from Warsaw Category:Polish ornithologists Category:Ornithologists from the Russian Empire Category:Scientists from Congress Poland Category:19th-century Polish zoologists Category:University of Warsaw alumni Category:20th-century Polish zoologists