{{short description|Species of grasshopper}} {{Speciesbox | image = Stethophyma grossum m1.JPG | image_caption = In Germany | taxon = Stethophyma grossum | authority = (Linnaeus, 1758)<ref>Linnaeus, C. ''Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.'' Editio Decima, Reformata.Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm.</ref> | synonyms = {{Collapsible list | * ''Acridium grossum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Acrydium rubripes''' De Geer, 1773 * ''Euryphymus rubripes'' (De Geer, 1773) * ''Gryllus flavipes'' Gmelin, 1790 * ''Gryllus germanicus'' Stoll, C., 1813 * ''Gryllus grossum'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Mecostethus grossus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Oedipoda grossa'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Stethophyma flavipes'' (Gmelin, 1788) * ''Stethophyma germanicus'' (Stoll, C., 1813) * ''Stethophyma rubripes'' (De Geer, 1773) }} }}
The '''large marsh grasshopper'''<ref name="Ragge"/> (''Stethophyma grossum'') is a species of grasshopper belonging to the family Acrididae.<ref name="COL">{{cite web|title=Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/details/species/id/7668839|author=Roskov Y.|author2= Kunze T.|author3=Orrell T.|author4=Abucay L.|author5=Paglinawan L.|author6=Culham A.|author7=Bailly N.|author8=Kirk P.|author9=Bourgoin T.|author10=Baillargeon G.|author11=Decock W.|author12=De Wever A.|editor=Didžiulis V.|publisher=Species 2000: Reading, UK.|year=2011|accessdate=4 February 2018}}</ref>
==Taxonomy== The large marsh grasshopper was first described in the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', which was written by Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Linnaeus considered all orthopteran insects to be members of the genus ''Gryllus'', and gave the scientific name ''Gryllus grossus'' to this species.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Linné |first=Carl von |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727344 |title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae :secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |publisher=Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii |year=1758 |location=Holmiae |pages=433 |language=La}}</ref> Later authors split the orthopterans into multiple genera, and the large marsh grasshopper would therefore be reclassified. French zoologist Pierre André Latreille moved the species into ''Acrydium'' in 1804, renaming it as ''Acrydium grossum'', while French entomologist Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville assigned it to ''Oedipoda'' in 1839 under the name ''Oedipoda grossa'', and German entomologist Franz Xaver Fieber considered it a member of ''Mecostethus'' which he renamed as ''Mecostethus grossus'' in 1853.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Latreille |first=Pierre André |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/24882662 |title=Histoire naturelle : générale et particulière |publisher=F. Dufart |year=1804 |edition=Nouv. éd. ... / rédigé par C.S. Sonnini. |location=Paris |pages=155}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Audinet-Serville |first=Jean Guillaume |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16013631 |title=Histoire naturelle des insectes |publisher=Librairie encylopédique de Roret |year=1839 |location=Paris |pages=741}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fieber |first=Franz Xaver |date=1853 |title=Synopsis der europäischen Orthopteren mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die in Böhmen vorkommenden Arten |url=https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Lotos_3_0090-0104.pdf |journal=Lotos |language=de |volume=3 |pages=90-104}}</ref> Later that year, German zoologist Leopold Heinrich Fischer published a book reviewing the orthopterans of Europe in which he determines that the large marsh grasshopper cannot be assigned to any existing genus. He therefore established the genus ''Stethophyma'', of which this species was designated as the type species, renaming the large marsh grasshopper as ''Stethophyma grossum''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Fischer |first=Leopold Heinrich |url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JPNFAAAAcAAJ |title=Orthoptera Europaea : accedunt tabulae lapidibus incisae XVIII quarum ultima coloribus partim illustrata |date=1853 |publisher=Lipsiae : sumptibus G. Engelmann; Parisiis : F. Klincksieck; Londini : Williams & Norgate |pages=357–358}}</ref> In 1983, British entomologist Judith Marshall reanalysed the original specimens studied by Linnaeus and designated one kept by the Linnean Society of London as the lectotype specimen, as Linnaeus had studied multiple specimens without designating one as a single type specimen. The chosen lectotype is the body of a female catalogued as "No. 58", which Marshall noted has been partly damaged by beetles and the left antenna is missing.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Judith A. |date=1983 |title=The orthopteroid insects described by Linnaeus, with notes on the Linnaean collection |url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb02266.x |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |language=en |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=375–396 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb02266.x|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Several authors have established new species based on grasshopper specimens before these were later realized to be large marsh grasshoppers. Swedish entomologist Charles De Geer established a species which he named ''Acrydium rubripes'' in 1773, and naturalist Caspar Stoll gave the name ''Gryllus (Locusta) germanicus'' in 1813 to a grasshopper species he established.<ref>{{Cite book |last=de Geer |first=Charles |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k971521 |title=Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes |publisher=Pierre Hesselberg |year=1773 |volume=3 |location=Stockholm |pages=477 |language=EN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stoll |first=Caspar. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/59933080 |title=Natuurlijke en naar het leven nauwkeurige gekleurde afbeeldingen en beschrijvingen der spoken, wandelende bladen, zabelspringhanen, krekels, trekspringhanen en kakkerlakken : in alle vier deelen der wereld, Europa, Asia, Afrika, en Amerika, huishoudende |publisher=J.C. Sepp |year=1813 |location=Amsterdam |pages=41 |language=Nl}}</ref> The type specimens of both these species were collected in Europe and are now probably lost.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Storozhenko |first=S. |last2=Otte |first2=D. |date=1994 |title=Review of the Genus ''Stethophyma'' Fischer (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Acridinae: Parapleurini) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3503611 |journal=Journal of Orthoptera Research |issue=2 |pages=61–64 |doi=10.2307/3503611 |issn=1082-6467|url-access=subscription }}</ref> When establishing the genus ''Stethophyma'' in 1853, Fischer declared that neither of these supposed species were significantly different from the large marsh grasshopper and therefore should be considered junior synonyms of ''S. grossum''.<ref name=":0" /> In addition, German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin erected a species named ''Gryllus flavipes'' in 1789, which was synonymized with ''S. grossum'' by British entomologist William Forsell Kirby in 1910.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gmelin |first=Johann Friedrich |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52747688 |title=Caroli a Linné ... Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |publisher=apud J.B. Delamolliere |year=1789 |edition=Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. / cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin. |location=Lugduni |pages=2088 |language=La}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kirby |first=William Forsell |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6195453 |title=A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera |publisher=Printed by order of the Trustees [by Taylor and Francis] |year=1904 |volume=3 |location=London |pages=167–168}}</ref>
==Description== The large marsh grasshopper is a large insect, with females reaching a body length of {{convert|25.9|–|39.1|mm|abbr=on}}, though males are smaller and only grow {{convert|11.8|–|25|mm|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=":1" /> In the United Kingdom, this size makes it the largest of the native grasshopper species.<ref>Harvey, M.C., and Brock, P.D. (2017). [https://www.hlsnewforest.org.uk/app/uploads/sites/3/2018/03/Large_Marsh_Grasshopper_New_Forest.pdf New Forest Large Marsh Grasshopper (''Stethophyma grossum'') 2017 Survey Report]. Higher Level Stewardship Agreement The Verderers of the New Forest AG00300016.</ref>
==Distribution and habitat== ''S. grossum'' is found throughout Europe, with a few records from western Asia. In the British Isles it is restricted to the New Forest, Dorset, and Somerset Wells and Ireland. It is the largest species of grasshopper to be found in the British Isles.
The habitat is typically wet meadow and marsh throughout its range.<ref>Heiko Bellmann: Der Kosmos Heuschreckenführer. Die Arten Mitteleuropas sicher bestimmen. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2006, {{ISBN|3-440-10447-8}}</ref> In southern England, the species is most often found in "quaking" sphagnum moss bogs.<ref name="Ragge">{{cite book|title=Grasshoppers, Crickets & Cockroaches of the British Isles |author=Ragge DR|year=1965|publisher=F Warne & Co, London|pages=299}}</ref> {{Commons category}} center|thumb|Close-Up of a Stethophyma grossum
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2165826}}
Category:Caelifera Category:Orthoptera of Europe Category:Oedipodinae Category:Insects described in 1758 Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus