{{Short description|Russian revolutionary (1857–1882)}} {{Family name hatnote|Nikolayevich|Khalturin|lang=Eastern Slavic}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}} {{Infobox person | name = Stepan Khalturin | image = Stepan Khalturin.jpg | caption = Stepan Khalturin | birth_date = {{birth date|1857|01|02|df=yes}} | birth_place = Khalevinskaya, Vyatka Governorate, Russian Empire | death_date = {{death date and age|1882|04|03|1857|01|02|df=yes}} | death_place = Odessa, Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine) }} '''Stepan Nikolayevich Khalturin''' ({{langx|ru|Степан Николаевич Халтурин}}; 2 January [<nowiki/>O.S. 21 December] 1857<ref name="birth">{{cite book |last1=Полевой |first1=Юзя Зейликович |title=Степан Халтурин: К 100-летию "Сев. союза рус. рабочих" |date=1979 |publisher=Nauka |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RoBbAAAAIAAJ&q=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD+2+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+1857+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0 |access-date=22 February 2024 |language=ru}}</ref> – 3 April [O.S. 22 March] 1882<ref>{{cite book |title=Kalendar' kolkhoznika |date=1957 |publisher=Goz. izd-vo sel'khoz. lit-ry. |page=19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x0RCAQAAIAAJ&q=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD+%223+%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F+1882+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%22 |access-date=22 February 2024 |language=ru}}</ref>) was a Russian revolutionary, member of Narodnaya Volya, and responsible for an attempted assassination of Alexander II of Russia.

==Early life== Khalturin was born in 1857 in Khalevinskaya, Vyatka Governorate, Russian Empire.<ref name="birth" /> The son of a peasant,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Александрович |first1=Пелевин Юрий |title=Степан Халтурин, «Народная воля» и покушение на Александра II в Зимнем дворце |journal=Новый исторический вестник |date=2011 |issue=27 |pages=73–89 |url=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/stepan-halturin-narodnaya-volya-i-pokushenie-na-aleksandra-ii-v-zimnem-dvortse |access-date=22 February 2024 |issn=2072-9286}}</ref> he became a carpenter, employed in several factories in St. Petersburg.

==Revolutionary life==

Khalturin became involved in revolutionary politics, joining The People's Will. In 1880, he got a job as a carpenter at the Winter Palace, allowing him to sleep on the premises; this allowed him to bring in packets of dynamite each day, concealing them in his room, within his bedding. thumb|left|The explosion at the Winter Palace Under the orders of the Narodnaya Volya, Khalturin constructed a mine on 17 February 1880, in the basement of the building under the dining-room. The mine was set to go off at the time which Narodnaya Volya had calculated the Tsar to be having dinner. Unfortunately for the assassins, Alexander II's guest Prince Alexander of Battenberg arrived late, delaying dinner, so the dining-room was empty. The Tsar was thus able to escape assassination unharmed, though 11 Imperial Guards were killed and 46 more people were badly injured by the explosion.

After the failed assassination, Khalturin escaped to Moscow and then to Odessa. On 18 March 1882, he participated in the assassination of police general Strelnikov who was sent to Odessa in order to eradicate the revolutionary movement. Khalturin's accomplice Zhelvakov shot Strelnikov in the head, killing him instantly.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Андреевна |first1=Барабанова Мария |title=ТЕРРОР КАК ТАКТИКА В ГОДЫ КРИЗИСА "НАРОДНОЙ ВОЛИ": УБИЙСТВО ГЕНЕРАЛА В. С. СТРЕЛЬНИКОВА |journal=Вестник Православного Свято-Тихоновского гуманитарного университета. Серия 2: История. История Русской Православной Церкви |date=2022 |issue=109 |pages=65–83 |url=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/terror-kak-taktika-v-gody-krizisa-narodnoy-voli-ubiystvo-generala-v-s-strelnikova |access-date=22 February 2024 |issn=1991-6434}}</ref> Khalturin, disguised as a cabman, was supposed to help Zhelvakov flee, but both were overpowered by the crowd and arrested. Both men gave the police fake names. Under an order by Alexander III, they were swiftly court-martialed and hanged. Khalturin was executed without being known to be the bomber of the Winter Palace.

== Memory == {{multiple image|image1=Monument to Stepan Khalturin.JPG|caption1=Monument of Stepan Khalturin in Kirov|image2=Bust to Stepan Khalturin.JPG|caption2=Bust of Stepan Khalturin in Kirov}} Khalturin was portrayed in Soviet historiography as a hero of the Russian workers' movement. Dozens of streets and enterprises throughout Russia and other Soviet Republics were named after him, many of them still bear his name. Vladimir Lenin's office in the Kremlin was decorated with two haut-reliefs, one of Karl Marx and the other of Khalturin. Four different monuments of Khalturin were built in his birth place in the Kirov Oblast.

His biographical film ''Stepan Khalturin'' was directed by Aleksandr Ivanovsky.<ref>{{cite book |title=Большая советская энциклопедия |date=1949 |publisher=Изд-во Большая советская энциклопедия |page=292 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xLYqAQAAMAAJ&q=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9 |access-date=22 February 2024 |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Троицкий |first1=Николай Алексеевич |title=Крестоносцы социализма |date=2002 |publisher=Изд-во Саратовского университета |isbn=978-5-292-02815-4 |page=61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AtxoAAAAMAAJ&q=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD |access-date=22 February 2024 |language=ru}}</ref>

== References == {{reflist}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Khalturin, Stepan}} Category:1857 births Category:1882 deaths Category:Failed regicides Category:People executed by the Russian Empire by hanging Category:Revolutionaries from the Russian Empire Category:Executed people from the Russian Empire Category:19th-century criminals from the Russian Empire Category:19th-century executions by the Russian Empire Category:People from Kirov Oblast Category:People from Orlovsky Uyezd (Vyatka Governorate) Category:Narodnaya Volya