{{Short description|South African activist and bishop (born 1933)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}} {{Infobox officeholder | module = {{Infobox Christian leader | embed = yes | church = Methodist Church of Southern Africa }} | party = Pan Africanist Congress | office1 = Member of the National Assembly | term_start1 = 1997 | term_end1 = February 2004 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1933|03|29|df=yes}} | birth_name = Mmutlanyane Stanley Mogoba | birth_place = Polokwane, Northern Transvaal<br />Union of South Africa | office2 = President of the Pan Africanist Congress | term_start2 = December 1996 | term_end2 = June 2003 | alma_mater = University of South Africa | predecessor2 = Clarence Makwetu | deputy2 = Motsoko Pheko | successor2 = Motsoko Pheko }}
'''Mmutlanyane Stanley Mogoba''' (born 29 March 1933) is a retired South African politician and Methodist minister. He was the president of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) from 1996 to 2003 and represented the party in the National Assembly from 1997 to 2004. A former anti-apartheid activist and alumnus of Robben Island, he was presiding bishop of the Methodist Church of Southern Africa from 1988 until 1996.
== Early life and activism == Mogoba was born on 29 March 1933 in Polokwane in the former Northern Transvaal.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=17 February 2011 |title=Bishop Mmutlanyane Stanley Mogoba |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/bishop-mmutlanyane-stanley-mogoba |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=South African History Online}}</ref> He was the youngest of six siblings, born to a father who was a teacher and Methodist lay preacher. Influenced by Flag Boshielo of the Communist Party of South Africa, he joined the African National Congress (ANC) Youth League while at high school.<ref name=":0" /> He completed a bachelor's degree at the University of South Africa in 1954 and qualified as a teacher. He was active in the Transvaal United African Teachers Association and used his position as a high school teacher to further his students' political education.<ref name=":0" />
In 1959, Mogoba attended a public meeting addressed by Robert Sobukwe, who impressed him. After Sobukwe broke away from the ANC to form the PAC, Mogoba became closely associated with the latter grouping, even after it was banned by the apartheid government in 1960.<ref name=":0" /> In early 1963, he was arrested at his home in Mamelodi and convicted of furthering the aims of the outlawed PAC, for which he spent three years in prison, primarily on Robben Island. While serving his sentence, he felt a religious calling and began studying theology.<ref name=":0" />
Upon his release in 1966, Mogoba was served with a banning order, in terms of which he was banished to Phokwane and barred from working as a teacher. He worked as an administrative clerk instead. In January 1969, he began his career as a minister on probation in the Methodist church, and the following year he began a three-year course of study at John Wesley College's campus in Alice. He was ordained upon the completion of his course.<ref name=":0" /> In 1988, he was elected as the presiding bishop of the Methodist Church of Southern Africa. He served a record eight years in the office, gaining re-election twice.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=1996-12-20 |title=A preacher, a Pied Piper and the PAC |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1996-12-20-a-preacher-a-pied-piper-and-the-pac/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
== Post-apartheid political career ==
=== Election as PAC president: 1996 === At the PAC's fifth annual conference in Thohoyandou in December 1996, Mogoba was elected unopposed as president of the party. His primary competition for the position had been the incumbent, Clarence Makwetu, who was persuaded to withdraw from the race and accept another position as PAC chairperson.<ref name=":2" /> Mogoba had resigned from the church earlier that month in order to be available for the presidency, and he said that he was not worried about unifying the PAC, given the political diversity of the members of his church.<ref name=":2" />
In his capacity as PAC president, Mogoba presided over the official disbanding of the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA), the PAC's armed wing during apartheid.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1999-03-16 |title=APLA march to the end |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1999-03-16-apla-march-to-the-end/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> He also led the party through its campaign ahead of the 1999 general election, and during that period controversially called for criminals to be punished by amputation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1999-02-09 |title='Off with their ears' |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1999-02-09-off-with-their-ears/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> In addition, after his election,<ref name=":0" /> he was nominated to fill a PAC seat in the National Assembly.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=1998-06-03 |title=Members of the National Assembly |url=http://www.parliament.gov.za/mps/mps.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980628034746/http://www.parliament.gov.za/mps/mps.html |archive-date=1998-06-28 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref>
=== Sell-out rumours: 1997 === In September 1997, while Mogoba was serving in Parliament, questions about his integrity emerged after media reports claimed that President Nelson Mandela had advised him not to seek a seat on the Portfolio Committee on Intelligence in order to avoid the "indignity" of a security clearance check. The PAC interpreted the reports as an attempt to portray Mogoba as a security risk and sell-out.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=1997-10-17 |title=PAC moves against 'smear campaign' |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1997-10-17-pac-moves-against-smear-campaign/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Sources told the media that Mogoba was unsuitable for security clearance because he had turned state witness during the 1988 trial of Enoch Zulu, a former APLA commander who was convicted of terrorism by the apartheid state. Mogoba conceded that he had testified during the trial, but said that he had done so on the advice of the PAC after he was subpoenaed. He also said that his testimony had not incriminated Zulu beyond his admission that he had harboured Zulu at his house in Durban.<ref name=":3" /> At a PAC press conference in October, Mogoba's account was confirmed by PAC stalwart Johnson Mlambo – who said that Zulu had in fact incriminated Mogoba, by confessing to the police that Mogoba had aided him – and by Zulu himself.<ref name=":3" />
However, later the same week, Zulu changed his story and told press that Mogoba had betrayed him.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=1997-10-23 |title=PAC battles to clear Mogoba |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1997-10-23-pac-battles-to-clear-mogoba/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=1997-10-23 |title=PAC's De Lille names 'spies' |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1997-10-23-pacs-de-lille-names-spies/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> The lawyer who had represented him at the trial, Dikgang Moseneke, labelled his claims as "nonsense", saying that Mogoba was "the real hero" for having harboured APLA commanders at his house.<ref name=":4" /> Nonetheless, the PAC reacted furiously, claiming that Zulu was undertaking a character assassination exercise because he supported former PAC president Clarence Makwetu, whom Mogoba had ousted.<ref name=":4" /> In addition, PAC MP Patricia de Lille claimed in a parliamentary debate that the ANC was aware that several of its own members had been spies for the apartheid state. She said that the ANC possessed a list of such spies, and she named several serving politicians – including cabinet ministers Joe Modise, Stella Sigcau, and Penuell Maduna – as being on the list.<ref name=":5" />
=== Second parliamentary term: 1999–2003 === The PAC's performance in the 1999 election was extremely poor and Mogoba offered to resign from his party office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1999-06-06 |title=Pace of results slows |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1999-06-06-pace-of-results-slows/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> He was nonetheless nominated to one of the party's three remaining seats in the National Assembly, where he served alongside Patricia de Lille and his deputy, Motsoko Pheko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1999-06-17 |title=PAC leadership erosion begins |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1999-06-17-pac-leadership-erosion-begins/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> During his time in Parliament, he was critical of President Thabo Mbeki's HIV/AIDS policy and favoured higher taxation to eradicate poverty.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-04-14 |title=SA's rich should 'ease poverty burden' |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2001-04-14-sas-rich-should-ease-poverty-burden/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
Although the PAC did not accept Mogoba's 1999 offer to resign from the party presidency, over the next few years he faced continuous internal pressure for leadership change.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-11-25 |title=Mogoba 'safe for now' |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2002-11-26-mogoba-safe-for-now/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-12-03 |title=Challenge to PAC leadership |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2002-12-03-challenge-to-pac-leadership/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> The pressure came to a head in the run-up to the party's 2003 elective congress. Although Mogoba initially said he intended to stand for re-election,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-06-05 |title=Another twist in PAC's tale |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2003-06-05-another-twist-in-pacs-tale/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> he announced in June 2003 that he would step down.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-06-27 |title=More strife for the PAC |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2003-06-27-more-strife-for-the-pac/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> His former deputy, Motsoko Pheko, succeeded him as PAC president. In February 2004, he also resigned from the National Assembly, ceding his seat to Pheko's new deputy, Themba Godi.<ref name=":0" /> In later years, as the PAC was divided by factionalism, Mogoba was aligned to the faction supported by Pheko, as opposed to the one led by Pheko's successor, Letlapa Mphahlele.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-07-10 |title=PAC to split again over 'power-grab' |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2008-07-11-pac-to-split-again-over-powergrab/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
== Personal life == Mogoba's first wife died in the late 1960s. In 1969, he remarried to Johanna Mamongae Mahlare, with whom he has three children.<ref name=":0" />
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mogoba, Stanley}} Category:Living people Category:Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 1994–1999 Category:Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 1999–2004 Category:South African Methodists Category:South African Methodist ministers Category:20th-century Methodist bishops Category:South African anti-apartheid activists Category:Inmates of Robben Island Category:University of South Africa alumni Category:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania politicians Category:People from Polokwane Category:1933 births Category:20th-century South African politicians