{{Short description|Soviet Mars spacecraft}} {{hatnote|"Sputnik 24" redirects here. For the spacecraft identified as Sputnik 24 before the USNSC revised its naming of Soviet spacecraft, see Venera 2MV-1 No.2}} {{Infobox spaceflight | name = 2MV-3 No.1 | image = | image_caption =
| mission_type = Mars lander | operator = | Harvard_designation = 1962 Beta Xi 1 | SATCAT = | mission_duration =
| spacecraft_type = 2MV-3 | manufacturer = OKB-1 | dry_mass = | launch_mass = {{convert|890|kg}} | power =
| launch_date = {{start-date|4 November 1962, 15:35:15|timezone=yes}} UTC | launch_rocket = Molniya 8K78 {{nowrap|s/n T103-17}} | launch_site = Baikonur 1/5 | launch_contractor = | decay_date = {{end-date|25 November 1962}}
| orbit_epoch = | orbit_reference = Geocentric | orbit_regime = Low Earth (achieved)<br/>Heliocentric (intended) | orbit_periapsis = | orbit_apoapsis = | orbit_inclination = | orbit_period = | apsis = gee
| programme = '''Mars program''' | previous_mission = Mars 1 | next_mission = ''Mars 1969A'' }}
'''Mars 2MV-3 No.1'''<ref name="LL"/><ref name="GSP"/> also known as '''Sputnik 24''' in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the Mars program, and was intended to land on the surface of Mars.<ref name="RSW">{{cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_planetary_mars.html |title=Russia's unmanned missions to Mars |last=Zak |first=Anatoly |publisher=RussianSpaceWeb |access-date=29 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100720011556/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_planetary_mars.html |archive-date=20 July 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/mars2mv3.htm|title=Mars 2MV-3|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=29 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130021213/http://astronautix.com/craft/mars2mv3.htm|archive-date=30 November 2010}}</ref> Due to a problem with the rocket which launched it, it did not depart low Earth orbit,<ref name="EA">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/project/mars.htm|title=Mars|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=29 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208124224/http://www.astronautix.com/project/mars.htm|archive-date=8 December 2010}}</ref> and it decayed several days later. It was the only Mars 2MV-3 spacecraft to be launched.<ref name="GSP">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mars-2mv-3.htm|title=Mars (2a) (2MV-3 #1)|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=29 July 2010}}</ref>
== Launch == The spacecraft was launched at 15:35:15 UTC on 4 November 1962, atop a Molniya 8K78 carrier rocket flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.<ref name="LL">{{cite web |url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt |title=Launch Log |last=McDowell |first=Jonathan |publisher=Jonathan's Space Page |access-date=29 July 2010}}</ref> About 260 seconds into the flight, the oxidiser pressurisation system malfunctioned, resulting in cavitation within the feed lines and turbopump. The same problem developed in the propellant feed lines thirty-two seconds later.<ref name="EA-R7">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/soyuz.htm |title=Soyuz |last=Wade |first=Mark |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |access-date=29 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107163113/http://astronautix.com/lvs/soyuz.htm |archive-date=7 January 2010 }}</ref> Although the lower stages of the rocket were still able to place the upper stage and payload into a low Earth orbit, vibrations caused by either the cavitation problem, or a separate problem with the next stage, caused a fuse to become dislodged in the electrical system controlling the upper stage engine. This prevented the Blok L upper stage igniting, leaving the spacecraft in its parking orbit. It decayed from orbit the next day. However, some debris remained in orbit until 27 December, and the upper stage ullage motor platform remained in orbit until 19 January 1963.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|title=Satellite Catalog|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|access-date=29 July 2010}}</ref>
== Designation == The designations Sputnik 31, and later Sputnik 24, were used by the United States Naval Space Command to identify the spacecraft in its Satellite Situation Summary documents, since the Soviet Union did not release the internal designations of its spacecraft at that time, and had not assigned it an official name due to its failure to depart geocentric orbit.<ref name="RSW"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/stu/advanced/20th_soviet_mars.html |title=Soviet Craft - Mars |last=Mihos |first=Chris |date=11 January 2006 |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |access-date=29 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013211415/http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/stu/advanced/20th_soviet_mars.html |archive-date=13 October 2013 }}</ref>
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==See also== {{Portal|Spaceflight|Solar System}} * List of missions to Mars
==References== {{reflist}} {{Mars programme}} {{Orbital launches in 1962}} {{Mars spacecraft}}
Category:Spacecraft launched in 1962 Category:1962 in the Soviet Union Category:Mars program Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 1962 Category:2MV Category:Soviet missions to Mars