{{Short description|Species of bird}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}} {{Use American English|date=February 2023}}
{{Speciesbox | name = Spot-winged parrotlet | image = UrochromaStictopteraWolf.jpg | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2021 |title=Spot-winged Parrotlet ''Touit stictopterus'' |volume=2021 |article-number=e.T22686066A194988884 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22686066/194988884|access-date=20 February 2023}}</ref> | status2 = CITES_A2 | status2_system = CITES | status2_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=11 February 2023|website=cites.org}}</ref> | genus = Touit | species = stictopterus | authority = (Sclater, PL, 1862) | synonyms = ''Touit stictoptera'' <small>(''lapsus'')</small> | range_map = Touit stictopterus map.svg }}
The '''spot-winged parrotlet''' ('''''Touit stictopterus''''') is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.<ref name=IOC13.1>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/parrots/ |title=Parrots, cockatoos |website=IOC World Bird List |version =v 13.1 |editor-last1=Gill |editor-first1= F. |editor-last2=Donsker|editor-first2=D.|editor-last3=Rasmussen |editor-first3=P. |date=January 2023 |access-date=18 February 2023 }}</ref><ref name=IUCN/>
==Taxonomy and systematics==
The spot-winged parrotlet is monotypic.<ref name=IOC13.1/> A subspecies ''T. s. papilo'' was proposed but it cannot be separated from the rest of the species. A full species ''T. emmae'' was at one time proposed but the description was determined to be based on a female spot-winged parrotlet.<ref name=SWPA-BOW>Collar, N., P. F. D. Boesman, and A. Bonan (2020). Spot-winged Parrotlet (''Touit stictopterus''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.spwpar2.01 retrieved 20 February 2023</ref>
==Description==
The spot-winged parrotlet is {{convert|17|to|18|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and weighs {{convert|71|to|84|g|oz|abbr=on}}. Its head, body, and tail are green, with the body darker above than below. The male's wings are dusky brown with whitish tips on their coverts that give the species its English name; two of the coverts have orange tips. Females have green coverts with black bases.<ref name=SWPA-BOW/>
==Distribution and habitat==
The spot-winged parrotlet has a disjunct distribution from central Colombia south on the eastern slope of the Andes through Ecuador into northern Peru. The species might have previously inhabited the gaps between its present Colombia locations. It mostly inhabits mature humid montane forest but also more open landscapes like savanna and stunted forest on ridge tops. In Peru it is thought to be mostly in forests on poor soil. In elevation it mostly ranges between {{convert|1050|and|1700|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}} but has been recorded as low as {{convert|500|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}} and as high as {{convert|2400|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=SWPA-BOW/><ref name=Ridgely2>{{cite book | last =Ridgely | first =Robert S. | last2 =Greenfield | first2 =Paul J. | title =The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide | publisher =Cornell University Press | volume = II| date =2001 | location =Ithaca | pages =194–195 | isbn =978-0-8014-8721-7 }}</ref><ref name=IUCN/>
==Behavior== ===Movement===
The spot-winged parrotlet is believed to be sedentary.<ref name=SWPA-BOW/>
===Feeding===
The spot-winged parrotlet often forages in small flocks. Its diet is fruit and seeds. It has been reported to raid maize fields and, in Colombia, to feed on termites.<ref name=SWPA-BOW/>
===Breeding===
The spot-winged parrotlet's breeding season in Ecuador apparently includes March, but this conclusion is based on "[v]ery circumstantial evidence". Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<ref name=SWPA-BOW/>
{{birdsong|url=https://xeno-canto.org/species/Touit-stictopterus |species=spot-winged parrotlet}}
===Vocalization===
The spot-winged parrotlet's flight call is "a harsh repeated 'ddreet-ddreet-ddreet-ddreet'."<ref name=Ridgely2/> "[I]ndividuals of groups call simultaneously, resulting in a continuous noisy chattering." It also makes "a rapid chattering 'wi-chi-chi'."<ref name=SWPA-BOW/>
==Status==
The IUCN originally assessed the spot-winged parrotlet as Threatened, then in 1994 as Vulnerable, and since 2021 as Near Threatened. It has a somewhat limited range and its estimated population of between 5000 and 21,000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. "The species is threatened by the continuing loss and degradation of its forest habitat...associated with human encroachment, agriculture and settlement [and] is occurring even within protected areas."<ref name=IUCN/>
==References== {{Reflist}}<!-- Caldasia24:157 -->
{{Taxonbar|from=Q597272}}
Category:Touit Category:Birds described in 1862 Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot