{{short description|Cannabis cigarette, contains marijuana or hashish}} {{Redirect|Spliff}} {{redirect|Phattie|the planet|Planet Nine|the Family Force 5 member|Phatty}} {{Expand Spanish|Porro (cigarrillo)|date=January 2021}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}} thumb|200px|Woman smoking a joint {{Cannabis sidebar}}
thumb|A joint prior to rolling, with a paper filter at left thumb|A joint after rolling, with a paper filter at left thumb|Rolling a spliff
A '''joint''' is a rolled cannabis cigarette. Unlike commercial tobacco cigarettes, the user ordinarily hand-rolls joints with rolling papers, though in some cases they are machine-rolled.<ref>Rubin, Vera. ''Cannabis and Culture''. Walter de Gruyter, 1975. p. 509.</ref> Rolling papers are the most common rolling medium in industrialized countries; however, brown paper, cigarettes or beedies with the tobacco removed, receipts and paper napkin can also be used, particularly in developing countries.<ref>e.g., in Jamaica: ''The Rastafarians'' by Leonard E. Barrett p. 130.</ref> Modern papers are manufactured in a range of sizes from a wide variety of materials including rice, hemp, and flax, and are also available in liquorice and other flavored varieties.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ryomagazine.com/papers.htm |title=Roll Your Own Magazine – Winter-Spring 2008 |publisher=Ryomagazine.com |access-date=20 April 2011 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721082249/http://www.ryomagazine.com/papers.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
Joint size can vary,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/story/0,22606,20823618-5005962,00.html |title=Dope activist to smoke 1m long joint |publisher=news.com.au |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028053738/http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/story/0%2C22606%2C20823618-5005962%2C00.html |archive-date=28 October 2009 |date=26 November 2006 |access-date=28 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> typically containing between {{convert|0.25|and|1|g|oz|abbr=on|frac=112}} net weight of cannabis. Tobacco is sometimes used in the rolling process.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Cannabis: a health perspective and research agenda |author=World Health Organization: Division of Mental Health and Prevention of Substance Abuse |page=11 |id=WHO/MSA/PSA/97.4 |year=1997 |url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1997/WHO_MSA_PSA_97.4.pdf |access-date=1 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223175544/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1997/WHO_msa_PSA_97.4.pdf |archive-date=23 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pmid=29082319 | pmc=5628568 | doi=10.1089/can.2017.0024 | title=Anatomy of a Joint: Comparing Self-Reported and Actual Dose of Cannabis and Tobacco in a Joint, and How These Are Influenced by Controlled Acute Administration | journal=Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research | date=August 2017 | volume=2 | issue=1 | pages=217–223 | last1=Hindocha | first1=Chandni | last2=Freeman | first2=Tom P. | last3=Curran | first3=H. Valerie }}</ref> Like smoking tobacco, smoking cannabis has been shown to be harmful to the health of the smoker,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2007-07-31 |title=One Marijuana Joint Can Equal Five Cigarettes |url=https://respiratory-therapy.com/public-health/smoking/tobacco/one-marijuana-joint-can-equal-five-cigarettes/ |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=Respiratory Therapy |language=en-US}}</ref> and may also be harmful to others through passive smoking.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Marijuana and Lung Health |url=https://www.lung.org/quit-smoking/smoking-facts/health-effects/marijuana-and-lung-health |access-date=2025-05-23 |website= American Lung Association |language=en}}</ref>
Although joints by definition contain cannabis,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/joint |title=Joint |publisher=Dictionary.reference.com |access-date=20 April 2011 |archive-date=23 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423155232/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/joint |url-status=live }}</ref> regional differences exist.
Special vaporizers, made to look like joints, have also been designed for use with cannabis extract.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/worlds-first-ejoint-given-its-debut-by-dutch-firm-says-its-selling-10000-a-day-9557607.html "World's first e-joint given its debut by Dutch firm, says it's selling 10,000 a day"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925044757/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/worlds-first-ejoint-given-its-debut-by-dutch-firm-says-its-selling-10000-a-day-9557607.html |date=25 September 2015 }}. ''The Independent''. Retrieved 8 December 2014.</ref>
==Spliff== A spliff is a joint rolled with some tobacco.<ref name="merr_Worl">{{Cite web| title = World War IV: Joints Are Better Than Spliffs, But Why Doesn't Europe Agree?| author = Wilder, Zoe| work = merryjane.com| date = 2016-07-01| access-date = 1 December 2018| url = https://merryjane.com/culture/world-war-iv-joints-are-better-than-spliffs-but-why-doesn-t-europe-agree}}</ref> 'Spliff' is a West Indian word of Jamaican English origin which has spread to several western countries, particularly the UK and Europe. Its precise etymology is unknown, but it is attested as early as 1936.
The term "spliff" is sometimes used to distinguish a joint prepared with both cannabis and tobacco,<ref>Australian Government Department of Health: [http://www.groups.psychology.org.au/Assets/Files/National_Cannabis_Strategy_Consultation_Paper.pdf National Cannabis Strategy Consultation Paper] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227051735/http://www.groups.psychology.org.au/Assets/Files/National_Cannabis_Strategy_Consultation_Paper.pdf |date=27 February 2011 }}, page 4. "Cannabis has been described as a 'Trojan Horse' for nicotine addiction, given the usual method of mixing cannabis with tobacco when preparing marijuana for administration."</ref> as is commonly done in European countries, where joints containing only cannabis are uncommon. This type of cannabis has a play dough consistency and is therefore either made to be smoked in a pipe or to be mixed with tobacco if rolled into a joint. A hashish joint would be physically impossible to actually smoke without tobacco. In the West Indies where this term originated (especially Jamaica), a ''spliff'' is simply a marijuana cigarette, normally containing no tobacco.<ref>{{cite book |title=Dictionary of Jamaican English |date=2009 |publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=9780521118408 |pages=420 |edition=2., digitally printed version}}</ref>
In Europe, in certain Commonwealth nations, and more recently in North America, joints, or spliffs,<ref name="etymonline.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=spliff |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher=Etymonline.com |access-date=20 April 2011 |archive-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111163013/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=spliff |url-status=live }}</ref> typically include a cigarette filter or a bit of rolled thin cardboard in one end to serve as a mouthpiece, commonly referred to as the ''crutch'', ''filter'', or ''roach''.
==Roach clips== Small metal clips to facilitate the smoking of a "roach" are called "roach clips".<ref>{{cite web|title=The Free Dictionary|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/roach+clip|website=Thefreedictionary.com|access-date=29 March 2016|archive-date=13 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313123000/http://www.thefreedictionary.com/roach+clip|url-status=live}}</ref> In the UK the term roach is commonly used to describe the cardboard mouthpiece. Roach clips cover a wide variety of paraphernalia including custom-made roach clip jewelry from brass brazing rod, alligator clips, forceps, needle nose pliers, hemostats, ceramic pieces with holes through them, and tweezers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lookah.com/blog/how-to-consume-marijuana-smoking-eating-and-drinking/|title=Roach Clip|website=lookah.com|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126171702/https://www.lookah.com/blog/how-to-consume-marijuana-smoking-eating-and-drinking/|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Etymology== The word ''joint'' ultimately originated from French, where it is an adjective meaning 'joined' (past participle of the verb ''joindre''), derived in turn from Latin ''iunctus'', past participle of ''iungere'' ('join'/'bind'/'yoke'). By 1821, 'joint' had become an Anglo-Irish term for an annexe, or a side-room 'joined' to a main room. By 1877, this had developed into U.S. slang for a 'place, building, establishment,' and especially to an opium den. Its first usage in the sense of 'marijuana cigarette' is dated to 1938.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?l=j&p=3 |title=Online Etymological Dictionary |publisher=Etymonline.com |access-date=20 April 2011 |archive-date=14 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514084434/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?l=j&p=3 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Many slang terms are synonymous with the word ''joint''. There is also a myth that, because it is smoked within a joint circle of friends, it is known as a 'joint'. 'J' or 'jay' can be used as an abbreviation for a generic joint. Another frequently used term is 'doobie.'<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/spliff |title=Spliff |publisher=Dictionary.reference.com |access-date=20 April 2011 |archive-date=29 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429050908/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/spliff |url-status=live }}</ref> The end or butt of a mostly smoked joint is referred to as a "roach" in U.S. and Australian slang.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/roach|title=Roach|website=Thefreedictionary.com|access-date=9 April 2018|via=The Free Dictionary|archive-date=10 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410052307/https://www.thefreedictionary.com/roach|url-status=live}}</ref>
==See also== *Blunt (cannabis) *Herb grinder, used to prepare cannabis for rolling into a joint *Cannabis smoking *Hash, Marihuana & Hemp Museum *Medical cannabis *Recreational drug use *Vaporizer (inhalation device)
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *[https://www.leafly.com/learn/consume/smoke/difference-between-joints-blunts-spliffs What’s the difference between joints, blunts, and spliffs?] at ''Leafly''
{{Wiktionary|joint|spliff|Wikisaurus:marijuana cigarette|Appendix:Cannabis slang}} {{portal|Cannabis}} {{Commons category|Joints (cannabis)}} {{Cannabis resources}}
Category:Cannabis culture Category:Cannabis smoking