{{Short description|Extinct genus of brachiopods}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = Tournaisian-Bashkirian<br>~{{fossil range|358|315}} | image = Spirifer perlamosus pedunculate valve.jpg | image_caption = ↑''S. perlamellosus'', 19mm - pedunculate valve ↓''S. striatus'': exterior, and interior with the skeleton of the lophophore (spiralium) | image2 = Spirifer striatus.jpg | taxon = Spirifer | authority = Sowerby, 1818 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms = }}
'''''Spirifer''''' is a genus of marine brachiopods belonging to the order Spiriferida and family Spiriferidae. Species belonging to the genus lived in the Carboniferous (certainly in the Tournaisian and in the Visean, possibly also in the Serpukhovian and the Bashkirian).<ref name=":1">Carter, J.L., Johnson, J.G., Gourvennec, R. & Hou Hong-fei (2006) Spiriferida, [In:] Roger L. Kaesler (ed.), ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H, Brachiopoda, Revised. Volume 5: Rhynchonelliformea (part)'', Boulder, Colorado–Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, pp. 1689–1876.</ref>
This genus used to be treated more widely, so less critical sources list its species from the Middle Ordovician (Sandbian) through to the Late Triassic (Carnian) with a global distribution.<ref name="FWSpirifer" />
Like most brachiopods, representatives of ''Spirifer'' were stationary epifaunal suspension feeders.<ref name="FWSpirifer">[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=29638 ''Spirifer''] at Fossilworks.org</ref>
[[File:Spirifer missouriensis (TMP 1983.022.0030), Royal Tyrrell Museum, Drumheller, Alberta, 2025-07-13.jpg|thumb|233x233px|''S. missouriensis''. Early Carboniferous, Radville, Saskatchewan (Canada). At the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology. ]]
== Selected species == {{div col|colwidth=22em}} * ''Spirifer acutiplicatus'' Hayasaka, 1933 * ''Spirifer bambadhurensis'' Diener, 1903 * ''Spirifer baschkirica'' Tschernyschew, 1902 * ''Spirifer battu'' Gemmellaro, 1899 * ''Spirifer byrangi'' Chernyak, 1963 * ''Spirifer carnicus'' Schellwien, 1892 * ''Spirifer concentricus'' Lee and Su, 1980 * ''Spirifer distefanii'' Gemmellaro, 1899 * ''Spirifer dvinaensis'' Licharew, 1927 * ''Spirifer enderlei'' Tschernyschew, 1902 * ''Spirifer engelgardthi'' Chernyak, 1963 * ''Spirifer fritschi'' Schellwien, 1892 * ''Spirifer holodnensis'' Chernyak, 1963 * ''Spirifer lirellus'' Cvancara, 1958 * ''Spirifer malistanensis'' Plodowski, 1968 * ''Spirifer muensteri'' Suess, 1854 * ''Spirifer opimus'' Hall, 1858 * ''Spirifer pentagonoides'' Plodowski, 1968 * ''Spirifer pentlandi'' d'Orbigny, 1842 * ''Spirifer perlamellosus'' Hall, 1857 * ''Spirifer piassinaensis'' Chernyak, 1963 * ''Spirifer postventricosus'' Tschernyschew, 1902 * ''Spirifer pseudotasmaniensis'' Einor, 1939 * ''Spirifer rakuszi'' Einor, 1946 * ''Spirifer rockymontanus'' Marcou, 1858 * ''Spirifer schellwieni'' Tschernyschew, 1902 * ''Spirifer siculus'' Gemmellaro, 1899 * ''Spirifer spitiensis'' Stoliczka, 1865 * ''Spirifer strangwaysi'' De Verneuil, 1845 * ''Spirifer striatus'' Martin, 1809 * ''Spirifer subgrandiformis'' Plodowski, 1968 * ''Spirifer subtrigonalis'' Gemmellaro, 1899 * ''Spirifer supracarbonicus'' Tschernyschew, 1902 * ''Spirifer supramosquensis'' Nikitin, 1890 * ''Spirifer tareiaensis'' Einor, 1939 * ''Spirifer tegulatus'' Trautschold, 1876 * ''Spirifer undata'' Reed, 1944 * ''Spirifer uralicus'' Tschernyschew, 1902 * ''Spirifer zitteli'' Schellwien, 1892 {{div col end}}
== Reassigned species == As ''Spirifer'' has been described early on, since then, many species have been reassigned.<ref>{{cite journal|last1= Strusz|first1= D.L.|last2= Chatterton|first2= B.D.E.|last3= Flood|first3= P.G.|year= 1970|title= Revision of the New South Wales Devonian brachiopod "''Spirifer yassensis''"|journal= Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales|volume= 95|pages= 170–190|url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34950055#page/194/mode/1up|access-date= 2014-02-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1= Angiolini|first1= L.|last2= Long|first2= S.|last3= Davies|first3= L.|year= 2011| title= Revision of Sowerby's species 'Spirifer bisulcatus, Spirifer pinguis and Spirifer rotundatus' from the late Tournaisian-Visean of Great Britain [online]|journal= Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists|volume= 41|pages=71–85|url= http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=654515676810678;res=IELHSS|issn= 0810-8889|access-date= 2014-02-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1= Ma|first1= Xueping|last2= Day|first2= Day|year= 2007|title= Morphology and revision of Late Devonian Cyrtospirifer (Brachioloda) and related genera from South China and North America|journal= Journal of Paleontology|volume= 81|issue= 2|pages= 286–311|access-date= 2014-02-09|url= http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1666/0022-3360%282007%2981%5B286%3AMAROLD%5D2.0.CO%3B2|doi=10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[286:marold]2.0.co;2|s2cid= 130468047|url-access= subscription}}</ref>
{{div col}} * ''S. archiaciformis'' = ''Sinospirifer subextensus'' * ''S. bisulcatus'' = ''Angiospirifer bisulcatus'' * ''S. chinensis'' mut. ''α'' = ''Sinospirifer subextensus'' * ''S. gortanioides'' = ''Plicapustula gortanioides'' * ''S. hayasakai'' = ''Lamarckispirifer hayasakai'' * ''S. heterosinosus '' = ''Sinospirifer subextensus'' * ''S. martellii'' = ''Plicapustula martellii'' * ''S. pekinensis'' = ''Plicapustula pekinensis'' * ''S. pellizzarii'' = ''Sinospirifer subextensus'' * ''S. pellizzariformis '' = ''Sinospirifer subextensus'' * ''S. pinguis'' = ''Latibrachythyris pinguis'' * ''S. rotundatus'' = ''Latibrachythyris rotundatus'' * ''S. subhayasakai '' = ''Sinospirifer subextensus'' * ''S. verneuili'' = ''Cyrtospirifer verneuili'' * ''S. verneuili'' var. ''subarchiaci'' = ''Plicapustula subarchiaci'' * ''S. verneuili'' var. ''subextensus'' = ''Sinospirifer subextensus'' * ''S. vilis'' = ''Sinospirifer subextensus'' * ''S. wangleighi '' = ''Sinospirifer subextensus'' * ''S. yassensis'' = ''Spinella yassensis'' {{div col end}}
== References == {{Portal|Paleontology}} {{Reflist}}
== External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100703053814/http://zipcodezoo.com/Key/Animalia/Spirifer_Genus.asp Zipcodezoo] * Sepkoski, Jack [http://strata.geology.wisc.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=384&rank=phylum Sepkoski's Online Genus Database]
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Category:Spiriferida Category:Prehistoric brachiopod genera Category:Paleozoic animals of Africa Category:Paleozoic animals of Asia Category:Paleozoic animals of Europe Category:Paleozoic animals of North America Category:Fossils of Georgia (U.S. state) Category:Paleozoic brachiopods of South America Category:Carboniferous Bolivia Category:Devonian Brazil Category:Carboniferous Brazil Category:Devonian Colombia Category:Fossils of Colombia Category:Floresta Formation Category:Devonian Peru Category:Ordovician first appearances Category:Carnian extinctions Category:Jeffersonville Limestone Category:Paleozoic life of Ontario Category:Paleozoic life of Alberta Category:Paleozoic life of British Columbia Category:Paleozoic life of New Brunswick Category:Paleozoic life of the Northwest Territories Category:Paleozoic life of Nunavut Category:Paleozoic life of Quebec Category:Paleozoic life of Yukon Category:Fossil taxa described in 1818
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