Cyclophoridae

{{Short description|Family of gastropods}} {{Automatic taxobox |fossil_range = {{Fossilrange|Cenomanian|Recent|Cenomanian- Recent}} |image = Cyclophoridae (10.3897-zookeys.673.12422) Figure 3.jpg |image_caption = Family Cyclophoridae. A ''Pterocyclos tenuilabiatus''; B ''Pterocyclos amabilis'' C ''Leptopoma pellucidum''; D ''Platyraphe bongaoensis''; Broken aperture E ''Japonia trilirata/kinabaluensis'' species complex; F ''Japonia balabacensis'' |display_parents = 3 |taxon = Cyclophoridae |authority = Gray, 1847 |subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies |subdivision =Alycaeinae Cyclophorinae Spirostomatinae |synonyms_ref = |synonyms = Alycaeidae Blanford, 1864 }}

'''Cyclophoridae''' is a taxonomic family of small to large tropical land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the order Architaenioglossa belonging to the subclass Caenogastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

This diverse family with many species is now limited to the representatives in the tropics and subtropics of the Old and New World.

Their fossil history dates back through the Early Tertiary<ref>Gordon MS, Olson EC (1995) Invasions of the Land: The Transitions of Organisms from Aquatic to Terrestrial Life. Columbia University Press, New York, 312 pp</ref> to the Cenomanian age of the Cretaceous.<ref name=Archaeocyclotus>{{Cite journal |last1=Hirano |first1=T. |last2=Asato |first2=K. |last3=Yamamoto |first3=S. |last4=Takahashi |first4=Y. |last5=Chiba |first5=S. |year=2019 |title=Cretaceous amber fossils highlight the evolutionary history and morphological conservatism of land snails |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=9 |issue=1 |article-number=15886 |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-51840-3 |pmid=31685840 |pmc=6828811 |bibcode=2019NatSR...915886H }}</ref>

==Description== The dextral shells are mostly of small and rarely medium size. The form of the shell varies from discoidal to turbinate. The round aperture is often modified, sometimes with an incision or a constriction. The last whorl can sometimes be disconnected and then extends strongly from the winding plane. The operculum is generally circular, which can be retracted deeply into the shell. Its form is multispiral and can be calcified or lacking calcareous overlay. The outer layer of the operculum can contain accessory deposits.

The head of the soft body ends in a short proboscis. The tentacles are round in cross-section, relatively long and taper to the end. The eyes are located at the base of the antenna on flat papillae. The longitudinal muscular foot is not divided. The mantle cavity acts as a lung cavity. The taenioglossan radula has seven elements per transverse row. The central row of the radula contains usually five, rarely three or seven teeth. The animals are dioecious.

== Taxonomy and systematics== [[File:Archaeocyclotus plicatula Fig1 A.jpg|thumb|right|upright|†''Archaeocyclotus plicatula'' in Burmese amber]] This family consists of the following subfamilies according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, which adapted the tribes of Cyclophorinae from the system used by Wenz (1938).<ref name="Wenz">{{in lang|de}} Wenz W. (1938-1944) ''Teil 1: Allgemeiner Teil und Prosobranchia''. In: Schindewolf O. H. (ed.) ''Handbuch der Paläozoologie, Band 6, Gastropoda'', Verlag Gebrüder Bornträger, Berlin, xii + 1639 pp.</ref> Thirty five genera containing approximately 810 species have been recognized as in 2008.<ref>Lee YC, Lue KY, Wu WL (2008) ''Molecular evidence for a polyphyletic genus Japonia (Architaenioglossa: Cyclophoridae) and with the description of a new genus and two new species''. Zootaxa 1792: 22-38.</ref>

Some notable genera are also listed here: * Subfamily Cyclophoridae incertae sedis (taxon inquirendum) ** ''Acroptychia'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1877 **''Anosycolus'' Fischer-Piette, C.P. Blanc, F. Blanc & Salvat, 1993 ** † ''Archaeocyclotus'' Asato & Hirano in Hirano et al., 2019 ** ''Dominamaria'' Iredale, 1941 ** ''Ettemona'' Iredale, 1941 ** ''Hainesia'' L. Pfeiffer, 1856 ** † ''Hirsuticyclus'' Neubauer, Xing & Jochum, 2019 ** ''Madgeaconcha'' Griffiths & Florens, 2004 ** ''Naggsiaconcha'' Griffiths & Florens, 2004 ** ''Nobuea'' Kuroda & Miyanaga, 1943 ** † ''Palaeocyclophorus'' Wenz, 1923 ** † ''Tropidogyra'' Wenz, 1923 ** ''Ventriculus'' Wenz in Fischer & Wenz, 1914 ** ''Cyclophorus incertae sedis'' (temporary name)

*Subfamily Alycaeinae Blanford, 1864: raised to the rank of family Alycaeidae in 2020 <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Páll-Gergely |first1=Barna |last2=Sajan |first2=Sheikh |last3=Tripathy |first3=Basudev |last4=Meng |first4=Kaibaryer |last5=Asami |first5=Takahiro |last6=Ablett |first6=Jonathan D. |date=2020-10-29 |title=Genus-level revision of the Alycaeidae (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea), with an annotated species catalogue |journal=ZooKeys |language=en |issue=981 |pages=1–220 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.981.53583 |pmid=33199958 |pmc=7644702 |bibcode=2020ZooK..981....1P |doi-access=free |issn=1313-2970}}</ref>

*Subfamily Cyclophorinae Gray, 1847 **Genus ''Aulopoma'' Troschel, 1847 **Tribe Caspicyclotini Wenz, 1938 ***''Caspicyclotus'' Forcart, 1935 **Tribe Cyathopomatini Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897 ***''Cyathopoma'' Blanford & Blanford, 1861 *** † ''Mazzinia'' Oppenheim, 1895 ***''Mychopoma'' Blanford, 1869 ***''Jerdonia'' Blanford & Blanford, 1861: synonym of ''Cyathopoma'' W. T. Blanford & H. F. Blanford, 1861 ***''Pseudojerdonia'' Kobelt, 1902: synonym of ''Cyathopoma (Pseudojerdonia)'' Kobelt, 1902 represented as ''Cyathopoma'' W. T. Blanford & H. F. Blanford, 1861 (unaccepted rank)

**Tribe Cyclophorini Gray, 1847 ***''Afroditropis'' Bequaert & Clench, 1936 ***''Craspedotropis'' Blanford, 1864 ***''Crossopoma'' von Martens, 1891 ***''Cyclophorus'' Montfort, 1810 ***''Cyclosurus'' Morelet, 1881 ***''Ditropopsis'' Smith, 1897 ***''Elgonocyclus'' Verdcourt, 1982 ***''Japonia'' Gould, 1859 ***''Lagocheilus'' Blanford, 1864 ***''Leptopoma'' Pfeiffer, 1847 ***''Leptopomoides'' Nevill, 1878 ***''Micraulax'' Theobald, 1876 ***''Montanopoma'' Stanisic, 2010 ***''Myxostoma'' Troschel, 1847 ***''Otopoma'' Gray, 1850 ***''Owengriffithsius'' Emberton, 2002 ***''Papuocyclus'' Ancey, 1895 ***''Pilosphaera'' Lee, Lue & Wu, 2008 ***''Ptychopoma'' Möllendorff, 1885 ***''Scabrina'' Blanford, 1863 ***''Theobaldius'' Nevill, 1878

**Tribe Cyclotini Pfeiffer, 1853 *** ''Afrocyclus'' Cole, 2019 ***''Cyclotus'' Swainson, 1840 *** ''Eucyclotus'' Möllendorff, 1890 *** ''Nakadaella'' Ancey, 1904 ***''Opisthoporus'' Benson, 1851 ***''Platyrhaphe'' Möllendorff, 1890 *** ''Speleocyclotus'' Vermeulen, Luu, Theary & Anker, 2019

** Genus ''Pholeoteras'' Sturany, 1904

**Tribe Pterocyclini Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897 ***''Millotorbis'' Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 ***''Pterocyclos'' Benson, 1832 ***''Rhiostoma'' Benson, 1860 ***''Spiraculum'' Pearson, 1833

**Genus † ''Eotrichophorus'' D. A. Bullis, Herhold, Czekanski-Moir, Grimaldi & Rundell, 2020

*Subfamily † Ferussininae Wenz, 1923 (1915) ** † ''Ferussina'' Grateloup, 1827

*Subfamily Spirostomatinae Tielecke, 1940 ***''Spirostoma'' Heude, 1885

*Subfamily Spirostomatinae Tielecke, 1940 **''Spirostoma'' Heude, 1885

*Genus † ''Trotopyrgula'' X.-H. Yu, 1987

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Sources== {{Commons category}} {{Refbegin}} * Kobelt, W. (1909). ''Cyclophoridae''. Berlin: Verlag von R. Friedländer und Sohn. The standard reference based on shell morphology. * Nantarat, N., Sutcharit, C., Tongkerd, P., Ablett, J., Naggs, F. & Panha, S. (2014). An annotated catalogue of type specimens of the land snail genus ''Cyclophorus'' Monfort, 1810 (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae) in the Natural History Museum, London. ''ZooKeys'', 411, 1–56. {{Refend}}

==External links== * {{cite book |last1=Kobelt |first1=W. |title=Das Tierreich. Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen. 16. Lieferung. Mollusca. Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich. XXXIX + 662 pp |date=1902 |publisher=R. Friedländer |location=Berlin |page=157 |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1000211 |access-date=29 January 2026}}

Category:Cyclophoridae Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray Category:Gastropod families

Cyclophoridae

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