{{Short description|Permanent funfair in Whitley Bay, a seaside town in North Tyneside, Tyne & Wear, England}} {{other uses}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox building | name = The Spanish City | alternate_names = Whitley Bay Pleasure Gardens | status = Grade II listed building (the dome) | image = File:The Spanish City (geograph 6226043).jpg | image_alt = photograph | image_size = 300px | caption = Inside the Spanish City | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_alt = | map_caption = | altitude = | building_type = | structural_system = | cost = | ren_cost = £10m<ref name=ADP/> | client = Whitley Bay Pleasure Gardens Ltd<ref name=Rennison/> | owner = North Tyneside Council (June 2011) | current_tenants = | landlord = | address = Watts Road, Whitley Bay, Tyne and Wear, England | coordinates = {{coord|55.047616|-1.44747|display=inline,title|format=dms}} | groundbreaking_date = | construction_start_date = | completion_date = | completed_date = | opened_date = 14 May 1910 | inauguration_date = | renovation_date = 2011–2018 | demolished_date = | destruction_date = | height = | diameter = 180 ft long, 275 ft deep<ref name=Rennison/> | antenna_spire = | roof = | top_floor = | other_dimensions = | floor_count = | floor_area = | seating_type = | seating_capacity = | elevator_count = | main_contractor = Davidson and Miller<ref name=Rennison/> | architecture_firm = Cackett and Burns Dick<ref name=Rennison/> | structural_engineer = L.G. Mouchel<ref name=Rennison/> | services_engineer = | civil_engineer = | other_designers = | quantity_surveyor = | awards = | designations = | ren_architect = ADP<ref name=ADP/> | ren_firm = Robertson Group | ren_awards = | website = [https://spanishcity.co.uk/ Spanish City] | nrhp = }} The '''Spanish City''' is a dining and leisure centre in Whitley Bay, a seaside town in North Tyneside, Tyne & Wear, England. Erected as a smaller version of Blackpool's Pleasure Beach, it opened in 1910 as a concert hall, restaurant, roof garden and tearoom. A ballroom was added in 1920 and later a permanent funfair.<ref name=Rennison>Rennison, Robert William (1996). ''Civil Engineering Heritage: Northern England''. London: Thomas Telford, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bv2BrOMo8cIC&pg=PA41 41], citing Cackett, J. T. Dick, B. (1911). "Spanish City, Whitley Bay". ''Ferro Concrete: A Monthly Review'', 2, pp. 168–175.</ref>
Located near the seafront, the Spanish City has a 180 ft-long (54.8 m) Renaissance-style frontage and became known for its distinctive dome,<ref>Stratton, Michael (1999). "New Materials for a New Age: Steel and concrete construction in the north of England, 1860–1939". ''Industrial Archaeology Review'', 21 (pp. 5–24), p. 20ff.</ref> now a Grade II listed building.<ref>Hedley, Jeanette (12 May 2006). [http://www.northtyneside.gov.uk/browse-display.shtml?p_ID=2146&p_subjectCategory=23 "Duncan's amusements demolished"], North Tyneside Council.</ref> There are towers on either side of the entrance, each of which carries a half-life-size female bacchanalian figure in copper, one holding cymbals, the other a tambourine. The building's architects were Robert Burns Dick, Charles T. Marshall and James Cackett.<ref name=Usherwood2000>Usherwood, Paul; Beach, Jeremy; Morris, Catherine (2000). ''Public sculpture of North-East England''. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, pp. 218, 319.</ref>
The band Dire Straits mentioned the Spanish City in their 1980 single, "Tunnel of Love", which from then on was played every morning when it opened.<ref name=Glancey/> By the late 1990s the building had fallen into disrepair, and in the early 2000s it was closed to the public.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-11240881 "Exhibition marks Whitley Bay's Spanish City centenary"], BBC News, 9 September 2010.</ref> A regeneration project was announced in 2011.<ref name=Glancey/> The building reopened as a dining and leisure centre at the end of July 2018.<ref name=Oldfield21July2018/>
==Architecture== The Spanish City faces the sea, with a 180 ft-long front and a depth of 275 ft. The dome rises to 75 ft above the foundation and has a diameter of 50 ft, supported on 46-ft-high concrete columns. It is made of a reinforced-concrete shell, five inches thick, which is supported by 12 (10 in x 18 in) internal ribs.<ref name=Rennison/>
The architects were Robert Burns Dick, Charles T. Marshall, and James Cackett<ref name=Usherwood2000/> of Cackett and Burns Dick. J. Coulson was a design consultant and L. G. Mouchel were structural consultants. Davidson and Miller were the contractors.<ref name=Rennison/>
==History== thumb|left|upright|alt=photograph|One of the building's two female figures in copper<ref>"Statues returned to Spanish City in Whitley Bay", BBC News Tyne & Wear, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-11071389</ref>
Charles Elderton of the Hebburn Theatre Royal originally established an amusements arcade and dance hall on the site. His Toreadors Concert Party had entertained visitors with an open-air theatre in Whitley Park every summer since 1907, with the awnings decorated in the Spanish style. To provide a permanent fixture, he founded Whitley Amusements Ltd.<ref name=toreador>[http://www.northtyneside.gov.uk/browse-display.shtml?p_ID=532494&p_subjectCategory=1432 "A Miniature Earl's Court—Toreadors and Fairgrounds"], North Tyneside Council. Retrieved 22 October 2015.</ref>
The dome was erected in 1910.<ref name=Rennison/> The building was formally opened by Robert Mason, chair of the local council, on the evening of Saturday, 14 May 1910, as The Spanish City and Whitley Bay Pleasure Gardens.<ref name=history>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=530b6YGGuSo "A History of the Spanish City"], local history project, ''YouTube'', accessed 1 July 2011.</ref> There were shops and cafes inside, a roof garden,<ref name=history/> and the Empress Theatre, with seating for 1,400 on the floor and 400 on the balcony.<ref>[http://www.tynelives.org.uk/seaside/city/images/image008.htm "Empress ballroom"], North Tyneside Libraries, accessed 2 July 2011.</ref> The theatre was converted to the Empress Ballroom in 1920, and a first floor was inserted into the dome, which became known as the Rotunda. In 1979 the Rotunda was converted into the Starlight Rooms for live entertainment.<!--check this-->
The dome was used as a classroom for pupils of Whitley Bay High School during a caretakers' strike in the 1980s, and later became a live music venue, playing host to several bands, including Ash in 2001.<ref>Casey, Alison (7 May 2015). [https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/history/spanish-city-remembered-enjoy-nostalgic-9195451 "Spanish City Remembered: Enjoy these nostalgic pictures from our archive and send us yours"], ''ChronicleLive''.</ref>
{{external media | float = right | width = 220px | video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kf3_-xi2PLE "Spanish City, 1967"],<br/>filmed by Frank and Norah Wardle }}
Dire Straits songwriter Mark Knopfler and the musician Sting talked about their memories of the Spanish City. Knopfler, who was born in Glasgow but grew up in Blyth, Northumberland, a few miles from the Spanish City, said it was the first place he had ever heard really loud rock and roll.<ref name=Glancey/> Sting, born near Newcastle, spent his afternoons and evenings in the Spanish City when he should have been studying for his A levels.<ref>Sting (2003). ''Broken Music''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=KJ7T6S63vasC&pg=PA91 91].</ref>
On Sunday, 27 July 2014, Newcastle-based performer Chris Cross became the last person to perform in the original Spanish City dome, before developers entered the building on 28 July 2014. Cross performed magic stunts with support from Doctor Diablo. There was a fire show outside on the piazza by a local performer, Charlie Burns.<ref>Marsh, Michael (25 July 2014). [http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/magic-escapology-comedy-bring-down-7506937 "Magic, escapology and comedy to bring down curtain at iconic Spanish City Dome"], ''ChronicleLive''.</ref>
==Whitley Bay Pleasure Gardens==
Pleasure Gardens funfair, 1960s or 70s|300px|thumb
In 1909 the Whitley Pleasure Gardens Company Ltd. was formed and built up a large fairground. The funfair was extremely popular, with fairground rides and amusements, including a "corkscrew" roller coaster—which was at Flamingoland in Yorkshire from 1983 to 2011, then at Luna Park in France—ghost train and waltzers, the House that Jack Built, the Joy Wheel, the Social Whirl, the Great Aerial Flight, the Virginia Reel, Hall of Laughter and the Fun House.<ref name=history/> A river cave ride named Ye Olde Mill featured floating boats which travelled through a tunnel with scenery such as a Swiss valley, an Indian jungle and a fairy castle. From 1909 to 1974 a figure 8 railway could be found at the fair ground. Throughout the 1960s there was also a Miniature Cartridge Rifle range using Winchester pump action rifles chambered in .22 short calibre. In June 1914 a new ride, named the Rainbow Pleasure Wheel joined the fair. It was imported from the United States reaching top speeds of around 40 mph.
The Spanish City Dome housed an amusement arcade and later a Laser Quest Laser Tag arena.
By the mid-1990s the Pleasure Gardens had fallen into disrepair and was closed in 1998. In December 1998 the demolition of the fairground was announced.<ref>[https://spanishcity.co.uk/about-us/history/ "Step Back In Time: The History of Spanish City"], ''Spanish City''.</ref>
{{quote box |border=1px |title=Tunnel of Love |title_fnt=#555555 |halign=left |quote=<poem>And now I'm searching through these carousels and carnival arcades Searching everywhere from Steeplechase to Palisades And any shooting gallery where promises are made To Rockaway, Rockaway Rockaway, Rockaway From Cullercoats and Whitley Bay Out to Rockaway. And girl it looks so pretty to me Like it always did Like the Spanish City to me When we were kids. </poem> |qalign=left |fontsize=95% |bgcolor=#F9F9F9 |width=35% |architectural_style =padding-top:1.0em;padding-left:3.0em;padding-right:1.0em |align=left |salign=center |source= Dire Straits, 1980<ref>"Tunnel of Love", DireStraitsVEVO, YouTube, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAirINwjaxE&t=4m51s 00:04:51].</ref> }}
==Regeneration== In June 2011, architecture firm ADP won a commission to regenerate the Spanish City with a plan that included a 50-bed, four-star boutique hotel, 20 apartments, a 1950s diner and a pleasure garden.<ref name=Glancey>Glancey, Jonathan (10 June 2011). [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/jun/10/week-in-architecture-kolkata-london "Constructive criticism: the week in architecture"], ''The Guardian''.</ref><ref name=ADP>[http://www.adp-architecture.com/projects/spanish-city-bringing-a-national-treasure-back-to-life "Spanish City: Bringing a National Treasure Back to Life"], ADP; [https://web.archive.org/web/20110613120532/http://www.adp-architecture.com/news.php?id=111 "Spanish City: ADP to Put the Heart Back into Whitley Bay"], press release, ADP, 8 June 2011.</ref> The completion date was announced as 2014, but work was halted in 2013 because of a lack of funds. The project received a grant of £3.7m from the Heritage Lottery Fund in November 2013.<ref>Warburton, Dan (26 November 2013). [http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/whitley-bays-spanish-city-saved-6342164 "Whitley Bay's Spanish City saved with £3.7m cash injection"], ''ChronicleLive''.</ref> The building reopened in July 2018.<ref>[https://www.spanishcity.co.uk/ "A New Beginning for the North East's Most Iconic Venue"], Kymel Trading Ltd.</ref><ref>Sharma, Sonia (28 June 2018). [https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/spanish-city-whitley-bay-finally-14839156 "Spanish City in Whitley Bay finally has an opening date after extensive restoration work"], ''ChronicleLive''.</ref><ref name=Oldfield21July2018>Oldfield, Lesley (21 July 2018). [https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/whitley-bays-spanish-city-opens-14936853 "Whitley Bay's Spanish City opens at last at—and here is how the completed project looks inside & out"], ''ChronicleLive''.</ref>
In August 2025, Corrie Lee Stavers, 28, a fairground worker, died in a workplace accident at the funfair.
== In popular culture == Dire Straits refer to the Spanish City in their 1980 song "Tunnel of Love", which became the fairground's unofficial theme song, played every morning when it opened.<ref name=Glancey/> The town mentioned in the song, Cullercoats, is a stop on the train line (now part of the Tyne and Wear Metro) along the coast from Whitley Bay.
Other pop-culture references include ''Spanish City'' (2002), a novel by Sarah May, set in the fictional north-east town of Setton, home to an amusement park called the Spanish City. The Spanish City also features in the video that accompanied Tina Cousins' song "Pray" (1998).<ref>Cousins, Tina. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RK-PAzu1Tmw "Pray"], ''YouTube''.</ref>
In the British TV series ''Vera'', the Spanish City appears several times in the episode "Protected" (Season 4, Episode 2, 2014). In particular, Vera mentions the Spanish City to Joe regarding a memory from her childhood at the end of the episode.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3115858/locations?ref_=ttfc_ql_5 IMDB]</ref> {{clear}}
<gallery mode=packed widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="3"> File:View from the Spanish City dome, Whitley Bay, England, 2011 (brightened).jpg|View from the dome, September 2011 File:Spanish City, Whitley Bay, September 2010.jpg|September 2010 File:Spanish City, Whitley Bay, 20 September 2010.jpg|September 2010 File:Spanish City postcard, early 1900s.JPG|Postcard, 1910 File:Spanish City, Whitley Bay, 1910.JPG|Postcard, 1910 File:Spanish City Panorama.jpg|Spanish City Panorama 2019, Whitley Bay, UK. </gallery>
==References== {{reflist|26em}}
==Further reading== {{commons category|Spanish City, Whitley Bay}} *[http://www.spanishcity.co.uk Official website] *Wardle, Frank Wilson. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-YYgx3uQXI "Spanish City in Whitley Bay 1967"], ''YouTube''.
Category:Amusement parks in England Category:Fairgrounds Category:Grade II listed buildings in Tyne and Wear Category:Whitley Bay