Spanish Army Air Defence Command

{{Short description|Command of the Spanish Army}} thumb|Coat of arms of the Spanish Army Air Defence Command. The '''Spanish Army Air Defence Command''' (Spanish: ''Mando de Artillería Antiaérea'', MAAA) is a command of the Spanish Army, based in Madrid; composed of anti-air artillery units under a same command, formed, trained and equipped to contribute, into a joint or joint/combined frame, to the air space control and defense. Those units may act either in the national territory or as a reinforcement to allied organization based on the joint and Army specific doctrine.<ref name="Instrucción núm. 59/2005 (IOFET)">Instrucción núm. 59/2005, de 4 de abril, del Jefe de Estado Mayor del Ejército sobre Normas de Organización y Funcionamiento del Ejército de Tierra, published in Spanish Ministry of Defense Official Publication (Boletín Oficial de Defensa, BOD) #80 of April 26th of 2005</ref>

The MAAA is composed of a General Quarter and a set of anti-aircraft artillery units and units of combat support.

The units belonging to the MAAA are: * 71st Anti-air Artillery Regiment in Madrid with Mistral surface-to-air missiles and 35/90 Guns * 73rd Anti-air Artillery Regiment in Cartagena, Murcia with Skyguard-Aspide surface-to-air missile systems and NASAMS surface-to-air missile systems, also in Valencia with MIM-104 Patriot surface-to-air missile systems * 74th Anti-air Artillery Regiment in San Roque, Cádiz and at Base El Copero in Dos Hermanas, Seville with HAWK PIP III surface-to-air missile systems * 81st Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment of Marines in Valencia * Signal Battalion in Madrid and at Base El Copero in Dos Hermanas, Seville

The 94th Anti-air Artillery Regiment, which fields NASAMS surface-to-air missile systems falls under operational control of the Canarias General Command.

The 72nd Anti-Air Artillery Regiment was disbanded in December 2015.

== Equipment in service == These are the air-defence systems in service with the Spanish Army.

=== Air surveillance and command centers === Mostly used with very short, short and medium range systems. {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size: 92%;" ! style="text-align: left" |Model ! style="text-align: left" |Origin ! style="text-align: left" |Image ! style="text-align: left" |Type ! style="text-align: left" |Quantity ! style="text-align: left" |Notes |- ! colspan="6" |Command centers |- |'''COAAS-M''' ''Centro de Operaciones de Artillería Semiautomático Medio'' |{{flag|Italy}} {{flag|Spain}} |150x150px |Air defence command and control |'''Unclear''' |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Page 25 - Tendencias Radar en el Centro de Operaciones de Artillería Semiautomático Medio |url=https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/99027/files/TAZ-TFG-2016-4095.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2020 |title=Integration with COAAAS-M of RAAA 74 (Seville) |url=https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/en/unidades/Badajoz/bri_extremadura_xi/Noticias/2020/039_gaca_coooas.html#:~:text=Los%20centros%20de%20operaciones%20de,proceder%20ante%20amenazas%20a%C3%A9reas%20reales.}}</ref> Composed of:

* CIO (Information and Operations Center) which plans the deployment of the air defence units * CPL (personnel and logistics center) which plans the sustainment of the deployed units * FDC (fire directorate center) * Radar: RAC 3-D * IT of firing points (intelligent terminals) which are semi-automated (the SkyDor or Mistral<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gutiérrez |first=Roberto |date=2022-05-03 |title=La Artillería Antiaérea española |url=https://www.revistaejercitos.com/articulos/la-artilleria-antiaerea-espanola/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Ejércitos |language=es}}</ref> * TPO (observation post terminals) providing information about air raids in areas not covered by radars

COAAS-M shelter on a URO VAMTAC.

It can receive and distribute air detection information from and to all air defence systems. |- |'''COAAS-L''' ''Centro de Operaciones de Artillería Semiautomático Ligero'' |{{flag|Italy}} {{flag|Spain}} | style="text-align: center;" |— |Air defence command and control |'''Unclear''' |<ref name=":04">{{Cite web |title=Page 29 - Tendencias Radar en el Centro de Operaciones de Artillería Semiautomático Medio |url=https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/99027/files/TAZ-TFG-2016-4095.pdf}}</ref> Can be integrated to the COAAS-L through a PR4-G radio.

The COAAS-L can be connected to 2 Raven radars. The system uses a radar console CONRAD. |- ! colspan="6" |Sensors |- |'''Thales Nederland Raven – COAAS-L''' ''Centro de Operaciones de Artillería Semiautomático Ligero'' |{{flag|Netherlands}} {{flag|Spain}} | style="text-align: center;" |237x237px |X-band, FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave), air surveillance radar |'''Unclear''' |<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |title=Indra - AIR Defence ARTILLERY OPERATIONS CENTRE |url=https://www.indracompany.com/sites/default/files/coaaas_0_2.pdf}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=JEME - Ejercito de Tierra |title=Contenido - Ejército de tierra |url=https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/unidades/Murcia/raaa73/Organizacion/materiales/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927212805/https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/unidades/Murcia/raaa73/Organizacion/materiales/index.html |archive-date=2023-09-27 |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=ejercito.defensa.gob.es |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Christian Wolff |title=RAVEN - Radartutorial |url=https://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/11.ancient/karte034.en.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526090448/https://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/11.ancient/karte034.en.html |archive-date=2024-05-26 |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=www.radartutorial.eu |language=en}}</ref> Radar that can be used on its own or with the COAAS-L system. The data transferred to the COAAS-L through a PR4-G radio.

Range 20km, low and very low altitude surveillance.<ref name=":04" />

Used primarily with Mistral air defence systems and with 35/90 air defence canons.<ref name=":27">{{Cite web |last=Defensa.com |date=2014-05-14 |title=El Grupo de Artillería Antiaérea I/71 se enfrenta a dos F-18 durante unas maniobras - Noticias Defensa España |url=https://www.defensa.com/espana/grupo-artilleria-antiaerea-i-71-enfrenta-dos-f-18-durante-unas |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Defensa.com |language=es}}</ref> |- |'''{{ill|RAC 3D|fr|RAC 3D}} – COAAS-M''' ''Centro de Operaciones de Artillería Semiautomático Medio'' |{{flag|France}} {{flag|Italy}}

{{flag|Spain}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |C-band (UHF) 3D radar, air surveillance radar (medium low and very low altitude) |'''Unclear''' |<ref name=":62" /><ref name=":15" /> Radar associated to the COAAS-M system that supports the air defence systems. Range of 100 km.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |title=Page 19 - Tendencias Radar en el Centro de Operaciones de Artillería Semiautomático Medio |url=https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/99027/files/TAZ-TFG-2016-4095.pdf}}</ref>

Vehicle used by the {{ill|Iveco-Pegaso M320|lt=Iveco-Pegaso M320 8×8|fr|Iveco M320}}.

Used primarily with Mistral air defence systems and with 35/90 air defence canons.<ref name=":27" />

Its replacement is being considered.<ref name=":32" /> |- |'''LPD-20''' |{{flag|Switzerland}} {{flag|Spain}} |150x150px |Early warnning radar, low / very low altitude |— |<ref>https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/materiales/otros/RADAR-LPD-20.html</ref> |}

=== Air defence weapons ===

==== MIM-104 Patriot PAC-2 system ==== The fire units currently in service were purchased to the German Air Force between 2004 and 2014. {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size: 92%;" ! style="text-align: left" |Model ! style="text-align: left" |Origin ! style="text-align: left" |Image ! style="text-align: left" |Type ! style="text-align: left" |Quantity ! style="text-align: left" |Notes |- ! colspan="6" |Fire units |- |'''MIM-104 Patriot PAC-2''' |{{flag|United States}} {{flag|Germany}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |Medium to long range air defence fire unit |'''3''' |Purchases of the fire units:

* 1 purchased second-hand from Germany in 2004<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-19 |title=Spain formalizes the purchase of the PAC-3 MSE missile with Lockheed Martin for its Patriot batteries: this will improve our air defense capability |url=https://www.larazon.es/espana/defensa/espana-formaliza-lockheed-martin-compra-misil-pac3-mse-sus-baterias-patriot-asi-mejorara-nuestra-capacidad-defensa-antiaerea_20240719669a6de8a54861000114063a.html |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=La Razón |language=es}}</ref> * 2 purchased second-hand from Germany, received in June 2015<ref name=":6" /> |- ! colspan="6" |Fire units composition |- |'''M901''' |{{flag|United States}} {{flag|Germany}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |Launching station (TEL) ''Transporter erector launcher'' |'''18''' |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spain Partners with U.S. to Produce PAC-3 Missile Parts in Patriot System Supply Chain. news |url=https://global.tendernews.com/newsdetails.aspx?s=5528&t=Spain-Partners-with-U.S.-to-Produce-PAC-3-Missile-Parts-in-Patriot-System-Supply-Chain. |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=global.tendernews.com}}</ref> Spain operates 6 launchers per fire unit. Each can carry up to 4 PAC-2 missiles. |- |'''AN/MSQ-104 ECS''' ''Engagement Control Station'' |{{flag|United States}} {{flag|Germany}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |Command and control center |'''3''' |'''<ref name=":Air Def">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=¿Puede España defender nuestro espacio aéreo de ataques exteriores? Estos son los misiles que tienen nuestras Fuerzas Armadas |url=https://www.larazon.es/espana/20211125/ydfn6l77hvcppmchvi54haym2i.html |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=La Razón |language=es}}</ref>''' 1 per fire unit. |- |'''AN/MPQ-53''' |{{flag|United States}} {{flag|Germany}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |PESA fire-control radar ''Passive electronically scanned array"'' |'''3''' |'''<ref name=":Air Def" />''' 1 radar system per PAC-2 fire unit- The system is made of a radar, an IFF and an ECCM and track-via-missile. |- |'''OE-349 Antenna Mast Group''' |{{flag|United States}} {{flag|Germany}} | style="text-align: center;" |200x200px |Transmission station (UHF communications array) |'''6''' |'''<ref name=":Air Def" />''' 2 directional transmission systems per fire units. Transmitting data from the ECS to the launchers. |- |'''Patriot PAC-2 generators''' |{{flag|United States}} {{flag|Germany}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |Electrical power plant for radar |'''8''' |'''<ref name=":Air Def" />''' 2 generators on one truck per fire unit. |- ! colspan="6" |Missiles |- |'''PAC-2 Plus missiles''' |{{flag|United States}} |150x150px |SAM missile - anti-aircraft / anti-ballistic - long range ''Surface-to-air'' |'''Unknown''' |'''<ref name=":Air Def" />''' |- ! colspan="6" |Vehicles |- |'''MAN KAT1 8×8''' ''LKW 15t mil gl KAT I A1 (8×8)'' |{{flag|Germany}} |150x150px |Military trucks |'''21''' |'''<ref name=":Air Def" />''' Used with the radar and the TEL. |- |'''MAN KAT1 6×6''' ''LKW 10t mil gl KAT I A1 (6×6)'' |{{flag|Germany}} |150x150px |Military trucks |'''13''' |'''<ref name=":Air Def" />''' Used with the ECS, the transmission system and the generator trucks. |- |'''MAN KAT1 8×8 munition reloading truck''' ''LKW 15t mil gl KAT I A1 (8×8)'' |{{flag|Germany}} |150x150px |Munition reloading trucks |'''Unknown''' |A truck equipped with a crane to reload the munitions on the launchers. |} ==== MIM-23B Hawk ==== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size: 92%;" ! style="text-align: left" |Model ! style="text-align: left" |Origin ! style="text-align: left" |Image ! style="text-align: left" |Type ! style="text-align: left" |Quantity ! style="text-align: left" |Notes |- ! colspan="6" |Batteries |- |'''MIM-23B Hawk''' |{{flag|United States}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px 150x150px |Medium-range, semi-active radar homing, SAM ''Surface-to-air missile'' |'''2''' |<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=MIM-23 Hawk: these are the missiles of the Spanish Army that will be sent to Ukraine |url=https://www.outono.net/elentir/2022/10/14/mim-23-hawk-these-are-the-missiles-of-the-spanish-army-that-will-be-sent-to-ukraine/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=Defense and Aviation |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=JEME - Ejercito de Tierra |title=Sistema misil Hawk - Ejército de tierra |url=https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/materiales/artilleria_antiaerea/HAWK.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110233559/https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/materiales/artilleria_antiaerea/HAWK.html |archive-date=2024-11-10 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=ejercito.defensa.gob.es |language=es}}</ref> Orders:

* 4 batteries purchased in 1965 (24 launchers). * 2 batteries purchased second-hand from the US Army in 2001 (12 launchers).

Modernisation in 1984 with the PIP III (''Product Improvement Plan'' ''3).''

Donations to Ukraine as of July 2025:

* 1 battery in November 2022.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2022 |title=Four Hawk missile launchers to Ukraine |url=https://emad.defensa.gob.es/en/prensa/noticias/2022/11/Listado/221102-envio-material-ucrania.html}}</ref> * 1 battery in October 2023.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Spain Announces Additional Hawk Air Defense Systems for Ukraine – The Defense Post |url=https://thedefensepost.com/2023/10/09/spain-air-defense-ukraine/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> * 1 battery supplied in July 2024.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Spain to deliver new Hawk air defense system to Ukraine – Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance |url=https://missiledefenseadvocacy.org/air-defense-news/spain-to-deliver-new-hawk-air-defense-system-to-ukraine/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> * 1 battery in September 2024.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Post |first=Kyiv |title=Spain to Immediately Deliver Additional HAWK Air Defense Systems to Ukraine |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38629 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217141036/https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38629 |archive-date=2025-02-17 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=www.kyivpost.com}}</ref> |- ! colspan="6" |Fire units composition |- |'''MIM-23 Hawk launcher''' |{{flag|United States}} |150x150px |Missile launcher |'''14''' |24 launchers purchased in 1965, 12 additional in 2001, and 22 donated to Ukraine as of July 2025.<ref name=":02" />

* 4 launchers in November 2022.<ref name=":13" /> * 6 launchers in October 2023.<ref name=":2" /> * 6 launchers supplied in July 2024.<ref name=":3" /> * 6 launchers in September 2024.<ref name=":4" /> |- |'''Battery Command Post''' |{{flag|United States}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |Digital command and control post |'''2''' |<ref name=":Hawk Spain">{{Cite web |title=Spain to send 6 Hawk air defense missile systems, much needed ammunition as part of aid package to Ukraine |url=https://english.nv.ua/nation/spain-to-hand-over-six-hawk-air-defense-systems-and-ammunition-to-boost-ukraine-s-defenses-50360236.html |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=New Voice |language=en}}</ref> 1 unified digital command post for the battery.

2 remain in service (4 + 2 purchased).

2025: Indra to modernise it with a modern IFF system.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-26 |title=Indra to modernise Spanish Army's air defence system with advanced IFF technology |url=https://defence-industry.eu/indra-to-modernise-spanish-armys-air-defence-system-with-advanced-iff-technology/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |language=en}}</ref> |- |'''AN/MPQ-50''' |{{flag|United States}} |150x150px |C-band (IEEE), pulse acquisition, air surveillance radar |'''2''' |<ref name=":Hawk Spain" /> Radar used for long range medium to high altitude surveillance. 1 radar per battery.

2 remain in service (4 + 2 purchased). |- |'''AN/MPQ-61''' |{{flag|United States}} |150x150px |Fire-control radar |'''4''' |<ref name=":Hawk Spain" /> Radar used to illuminate the targets. 2 radars per battery.

Upgraded to PIP III variant, addition of a Low-Altitude Simultaneous Hawk Engagement (LASHE) system.

4 remain in service (8 + 4 purchased). |- |'''AN/MPQ-62''' |{{flag|United States}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |Continuous wave radar |'''2''' |<ref name=":Hawk Spain" /> Radar used for low altitude threat detection. 1 radar per battery.

2 remain in service (4 + 2 purchased). |- ! colspan="6" |Missiles |- |'''MIM-23B Hawk''' |{{flag|United States}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |Medium-range, semi-active radar homing, SAM ''Surface-to-air missile'' |'''Unknown''' |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The challenge of defending European airspace {{!}} Air- and missile-defence capability gaps |url=https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/military-balance/2020/02/defending-european-airspace |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423151316/https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/military-balance/2020/02/defending-european-airspace |archive-date=2025-04-23 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=IISS |language=en}}</ref> |}

==== NASAMS 2 ==== The system has been in service since 2003, and a modernisation contract was signed in 2025. {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size: 92%;" ! style="text-align: left" |Model ! style="text-align: left" |Origin ! style="text-align: left" |Image ! style="text-align: left" |Type ! style="text-align: left" |Quantity ! style="text-align: left" |Notes |- ! colspan="6" |Fire units |- |'''NASAMS 2''' ''"National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System"'' |{{flag|Norway}} {{flag|United States}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |Short to medium range air defence fire unit |'''4''' |<ref name="kongsberg_brochure">{{cite web |title=NASAMS Air Defence System – brochure |url=https://www.kongsberg.com/~/media/KDS/Files/Products/Air%20Defense%20Systems/Brochures/NASAMS_September%202015_Screen_Small.ashx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314213138/https://www.kongsberg.com/~/media/KDS/Files/Products/Air%20Defense%20Systems/Brochures/NASAMS_September%202015_Screen_Small.ashx |archive-date=14 March 2017 |access-date=30 July 2018 |website=www.kongsberg.com}}</ref> 4 fire units ordered in 2003.

Modernisation to the standard NASAMS 2+ ordered in 2025 (€410 million), planned to enter service in 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-19 |title=Spain to modernise air defence capabilities with new NASAMS acquisitions |url=https://www.kongsberg.com/newsroom/news-archive/2024/spain-to-modernise-air-defence-capabilities-with-new-nasams-acquisitions/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=www.kongsberg.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Defensa.com |date=2025-05-28 |title=SMS y Kongsberg reafirman su colaboración en misiles en españolas - Noticias Defensa España |url=https://www.defensa.com/espana/sms-kongsberg-reafirman-colaboracion-sistemas-misiles-para |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=Defensa.com |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=SMS |date=2025-03-31 |title=SMS to collaborate with KONGSBERG on the modernisation of the NASAMS missile system |url=https://www.sms-defensa.es/sms-colaborara-con-kongsberg-en-la-modernizacion-del-sistema-de-misiles-nasams/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=SMS |language=en-US}}</ref>

Note: 1 fire unit purchased by the air force to replace the Spada 2000 assigned to the Air Deployment Support Squadron.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-13 |title=Defensa tramita la compra de una nueva batería del sistema de misiles Nasams para el Ejército del Aire |url=https://www.larazon.es/espana/20230113/gk4nxsdcwjh27f6ll46btwh4eq.html |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=La Razón |language=es}}</ref><ref name=":25">{{Cite web |date=2025-04-01 |title=Una gran revolución: así va a modernizar España los lanzadores del sistema antiaéreo Nasams para el Ejército de Tierra |url=https://www.larazon.es/espana/defensa/gran-revolucion-asi-modernizar-espana-lanzadores-sistema-antiaereo-nasams-ejercito-tierra_2025040167eb86c9b93d9100018d17c4.html |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=La Razón |language=es}}</ref> |- ! colspan="6" |Fire units composition |- |'''LCHR M-1 0-1''' (Also known as Mk-I launcher) |{{flag|Norway}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |NASAMS missile launcher |'''8''' (4 additional planned) |<ref>{{Cite web |last=20minutos |date=2023-01-13 |title=NASAMS: así es la batería antimisiles que España desplegará en Letonia como parte de su estrategia en la guerra de Ucrania |url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/5091681/0/espana-enviara-a-estonia-una-bateria-antimisiles-nasams-como-ya-hizo-con-letonia-asi-es-este-sistema-de-defensa-antiaerea-disenado-en-noruega/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=www.20minutos.es - Últimas Noticias |language=es}}</ref> 2 launchers per fire unit.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web |last=Defensa.com |date=2025-01-25 |title=Así avanzan las capacidades Artillería Antiaérea del Ejército de Tierra - Noticias Defensa España |url=https://www.defensa.com/espana/asi-avanzan-capacidades-artilleria-antiaerea-ejercito-tierra |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=Defensa.com |language=es}}</ref>

To be modernised to the Mk-II launcher standard, and a third launcher to be added by fire unit.<ref name=":24" />

Note: 3 additional for the air force for the fire unit purchased by the air force.<ref name=":25" /> |- |'''Kongsberg FDC''' ''Fire Distribution Center'' |{{flag|Norway}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px (illustration) |Command center |'''4''' |<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=Fire Distribution Center (FDC) – NASAMS/ NSM™ CDS - KONGSBERG |url=https://www.kongsberg.com/kda/what-we-do/defence-and-security/integrated-air-and-missile-defence/nasams-air-defence-system/nasams-fire-distribution-center-fdc/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=www.kongsberg.com |language=en}}</ref> To be modernised with the shift to the standard NASAMS 2+.<ref name=":25" />

Note: 1 additional purchased by the air force.<ref name=":25" /> |- |'''AN/MPQ-64M1 Sentinel''' |{{flag|United States}} | style="text-align: center;" |175x175px |Fire-control, AESA, 3D, X-band radar |'''4''' |<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |title=Cooperación de las Fuerzas Armadas españolas en el dispositivo de seguridad y protección de los Juegos Olímpicos de París 2024 - EMAD |url=https://emad.defensa.gob.es/prensa/noticias/2024/07/240722-np-colaboracion-fas-juegos-olimpicos.html?__locale=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724231707/https://emad.defensa.gob.es/prensa/noticias/2024/07/240722-np-colaboracion-fas-juegos-olimpicos.html?__locale=es |archive-date=2024-07-24 |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=emad.defensa.gob.es |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Raytheon MPQ-64F1 Improved Sentinel Radar – NASAMS – Kongsberg Defence an Aerospace |url=https://www.kongsberg.com/kda/what-we-do/defence-and-security/integrated-air-and-missile-defence/nasams-air-defence-system/raytheon-mpq64f1-sentinel-radar/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=www.kongsberg.com |language=en}}</ref> Range of {{convert|75|km|mi|abbr=on}} and can track up to 80 targets.

Being modernised to the standard F1 with the modernisation to the standard NASAMS 2+.<ref name=":25" />

Note: 1 additional ordered for the air force.<ref name=":25" /> |- |'''Rheinmetall MSP500 or MSP600''' |{{flag|Germany}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px (illustration) |Passive electro-optical and infrared sensor |'''0''' (4 on order) |<ref name=":24" /> Being added with the modernisation. |- |'''Communication nodes''' |{{flag|Norway}} | style="text-align: center;" |— |Nodal communications systems |'''0''' (3 on order) |<ref name=":25" /> Added to the NASAMS 2+ systems, 3 ordered for the Army.

Note: 1 additional ordered for the air force.<ref name=":25" /> |- ! colspan="6" |Missiles |- |'''AIM-120 C5 AMRAAM''' |{{flag|United States}} {{flag|Norway}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |Radar guided missile |'''Unknown''' |<ref name=":24" /><ref name=":23">{{Cite web |title=The missiles that Spain will deploy in Lithuania during the next NATO summit in Vilnius |url=https://www.outono.net/elentir/2023/06/22/the-missiles-that-spain-will-deploy-in-lithuania-during-the-next-nato-summit-in-vilnius/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=Defense and Aviation |language=en}}</ref> 6 missiles per launcher. |- |'''AIM-120 C8 AMRAAM''' |{{flag|United States}} {{flag|Norway}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |Radar guided missile |'''0''' (on order) |<ref name=":24" /> Additional missiles for NASAMS and for the air force.<ref name=":24" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-24 |title=Spain upgrades and acquires more NASAMS systems |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/land/spain-upgrades-and-acquires-more-nasams-systems |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214141542/https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/land/spain-upgrades-and-acquires-more-nasams-systems |archive-date=14 February 2025 |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=Default |language=en}}</ref> |- |'''AIM-120ER AMRAAM''' |{{flag|United States}} {{flag|Norway}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |Radar guided missile |'''0''' (potential purchase) |<ref name=":24" /> Being considered for longer range and speed. |- ! colspan="6" |Vehicles |- |'''Iveco-Pegaso M.250.37W & WM''' |{{flag|Italy}} {{flag|Spain}} | style="text-align: center;" |— |6×6 transport truck |'''Unknown''' (current fleet) |<ref name=":24" /><ref name=":23" /> Transporting the missile launchers and the fire control units.<ref name=":26" /> |- |— |— | style="text-align: center;" |— |6×6 and 8×8 transport truck |'''Unknown''' (future fleet) |<ref name=":24" /> Future trucks to transport elements of the NASAMS system and to transport the munitions. |- |'''Uro VAMTAC ST5''' |{{flag|Spain}} | style="text-align: center;" |— |4×4 armoured vehicle |'''Unknown''' (future fleet) |<ref name=":24" /> Armoured vehicle to transport personnels. |}

==== MBDA Mistral ==== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size: 92%;" ! style="text-align: left" |Model ! style="text-align: left" |Origin ! style="text-align: left" |Image ! style="text-align: left" |Type ! style="text-align: left" |Quantity ! style="text-align: left" |Notes |- |'''MBDA Mistral''' |{{flag|France}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |V/SHORAD |'''168''' |<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=¿Puede España defender nuestro espacio aéreo de ataques exteriores? Estos son los misiles que tienen nuestras Fuerzas Armadas |url=https://www.larazon.es/espana/20211125/ydfn6l77hvcppmchvi54haym2i.html |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=La Razón |language=es}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last=JEME - Ejercito de Tierra |title=Sistema misil Mistral - Ejército de tierra |url=https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/materiales/artilleria_antiaerea/MISTRAL.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724024241/https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/materiales/artilleria_antiaerea/MISTRAL.html |archive-date=2024-07-24 |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=ejercito.defensa.gob.es |language=es}}</ref> Mistral missile launchers.

Orders:

* 1988, 640 missiles Mistral 1, and 168 launchers * 2021, 91 Mistral 3 from French stockpile<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=FAM |title=MISTRAL 3, el misil antiaéreo que el Ministerio de Defensa adquirirá a MBDA España |url=https://fuerzasmilitares.es/mistral-3-el-misil-antiaereo-que-el-ministerio-de-defensa-adquirira-a-mbda-espana |access-date=2025-07-23 |language=es}}</ref> * 2023, > 522 Mistral 3 (newly built)<ref name=":14" /> 2025: Indra to modernise it with a modern IFF system.<ref name=":7" /> |- |'''MBDA Mistral - URO Vamtac''' |{{flag|France}} {{flag|Spain}} |150x150px 150x150px |Mobile V/SHORAD systems |'''Unknown''' (10 on order) |<ref name=":52" /> Used to protect the NASAMS fire units. Installed on the URO Vamtac.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-01 |title=Una gran revolución: así va a modernizar España los lanzadores del sistema antiaéreo Nasams para el Ejército de Tierra |url=https://www.larazon.es/espana/defensa/gran-revolucion-asi-modernizar-espana-lanzadores-sistema-antiaereo-nasams-ejercito-tierra_2025040167eb86c9b93d9100018d17c4.html |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=La Razón |language=es}}</ref>

2025: Indra to modernise it with a modern IFF system.<ref name=":7" /> |- ! colspan="6" |Simulator |- |'''SMPB Mistral - simulator''' ''Simulador Portátil todo tiempo para Misil Mistral'' |{{flag|Spain}} |150x150px |MANPAD simulator |'''5''' |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Defensa.com |date=2019-05-15 |title=Adaptive Systems presentará en FEINDEF su simulador para misil Mistral-noticia defensa.com - Noticias Defensa FEINDEF 2019 |url=https://www.defensa.com/feindef-2019/adaptive-systems-presentara-feindef-simulador-para-misil-mistral |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Defensa.com |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-10 |title=Spanish Army acquires the new version of Mistral simulator from Adaptive |url=https://adaptive.es/en/spanish-army-acquires-the-new-version-of-mistral-simulator-from-adaptive/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Adaptive Systems S.A. |language=en-GB}}</ref> System supplied by Adaptive Systems. |}

==== Oerlikon GDF-007 ====

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size: 92%;" ! style="text-align: left" |Model ! style="text-align: left" |Origin ! style="text-align: left" |Image ! style="text-align: left" |Type ! style="text-align: left" |Calibre ! style="text-align: left" |Quantity ! style="text-align: left" |Notes |- ! colspan="7" |Fire unit |- |'''Cañón AAA 35/90 GDF-007''' |{{flag|Switzerland}} {{flag|Spain}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |SHORAD ''Short range air-defence'' |35×228mm |'''45''' |<ref name=":CAÑÓN ANTIAÉREO 35/90">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=30 December 2012 |title=Truenos y Corazas: CAÑÓN ANTIAÉREO 35/90 GDF-005/ GDF-007 |url=https://truenosycorazas.blogspot.com/2012/12/canon-antiaereo-3590-gdf-005-gdf-007.html |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Truenos y Corazas}}</ref> Purchased in the 1970s, with the SuperFledermaus FCS (fire control system). T

In the years 2000s, the FCS was retired and replaced by a Spanish system the canons were modernised.

Some of the canons were refurbished to launch Aspide missiles (reusing the same chassis and actuators to rotate the turret and to manage the angle.

Each fire unit currently in service is uses:<ref name=":CAÑÓN ANTIAÉREO 35/90" />

* 1 FCS (the SkyGuard or the SkyDor) * 2 GDF-007 guns |- ! colspan="7" |Fire control systems |- |'''SkyGuard''' |{{flag|Switzerland}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |FCS ''Fire control system'' |— |'''18''' |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gutiérrez |first=Roberto |date=2022-05-03 |title=La Artillería Antiaérea española |url=https://www.revistaejercitos.com/articulos/la-artilleria-antiaerea-espanola/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Ejércitos |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=JEME - Ejercito de Tierra |title=Dirección de tiro Skyguard - Ejército de tierra |url=https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/materiales/artilleria_antiaerea/DirecciondetiroSkyguard.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004153742/https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/materiales/artilleria_antiaerea/DirecciondetiroSkyguard.html |archive-date=2024-10-04 |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=ejercito.defensa.gob.es |language=es}}</ref><ref name=":CAÑÓN ANTIAÉREO 35/90" /> Used with two effectors:

* 1 Aspide missile launcher * 1 Oerlikon GDF-007

The Aspide launchers were retired. |- |'''SkyDor''' |{{flag|Switzerland}} {{flag|Spain}} | style="text-align: center;" |115x115px (Same sensor on a ship) |FCS ''Fire control system'' |— |'''27''' |<ref>{{Cite web |last=JEME - Ejercito de Tierra |title=Skydor Fire-Control System - Army |url=https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/en/materiales/artilleria_antiaerea/direcciondetiroskydor.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705181955/https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/en/materiales/artilleria_antiaerea/direcciondetiroskydor.html |archive-date=2022-07-05 |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=ejercito.defensa.gob.es |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":SkyDor">{{Cite web |last=InfoDefensa |first=Revista Defensa |title=El Ejército de Tierra encarga a Sapa extender la vida de los cañones antiaéreos 35/90, a la espera de un sustituto |url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/5333523/sapa-invertira-314-millones-extender-vida-canones-antiaereos-35-90-espera-sustituto |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Infodefensa - Noticias de defensa, industria, seguridad, armamento, ejércitos y tecnología de la defensa |language=es}}</ref> Developed by Oerlikon Contraves with Izar (now known as Navantia) between 2000 and 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Defensa.com |date=2025-03-19 |title=16,5 millones de euros para las direcciones de tiro Skydor - Noticias Defensa España |url=https://www.defensa.com/espana/n-16-5-millones-euros-para-sostener-direcciones-tiro-skydor-tierra |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Defensa.com |language=es}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-02 |title=Navantia to overhaul Spain's SKYDOR air defense system - Defensehere |url=https://defensehere.com/en/navantia-to-overhaul-spanish-armys-short-range-air-defense-systems/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |language=en-US}}</ref>

It is made of:

* 1 FDC (fire direction center), a command post with 2 operators * 1 SU (sensor unit) made of a radar, an optronic sensor system, and oprical guidance

Ths FDC reuses the SkyGuard and the sensor unit uses the Dorna system from Navantia.<ref name=":CAÑÓN ANTIAÉREO 35/90" />

Modernisations:

* 2022: * 2024: Indra to modernise it with a modern IFF system with a IFF5/S system.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-26 |title=Indra to modernise Spanish Army's air defence system with advanced IFF technology |url=https://defence-industry.eu/indra-to-modernise-spanish-armys-air-defence-system-with-advanced-iff-technology/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |language=en}}</ref> * 2025: corrective maintenance.<ref name=":5" /> |- |'''LPD-20''' |{{flag|Switzerland}} {{flag|Spain}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |Early warnning radar, low / very low altitude |— |— |<ref>https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/materiales/otros/RADAR-LPD-20.html</ref> |- ! colspan="7" |Canon |- |'''Oerlikon GDF-007''' ''Cañón AAA 35/90 GDF-007'' |{{flag|Switzerland}} {{flag|Spain}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |Anti-air autocannon |35×228mm |'''92''' |<ref name=":SkyDor" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cañón AAA 35/90 GDF-007 |url=https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/materiales/artilleria_antiaerea/caaa35-90-007.html}}</ref> GDF-002 acquired in the 1970s, modernised in several phases to the GDF-005 and then GDF-007 standard in the 2000s by SAPA in collaboration with Rheinmetall Air Defence.<ref name=":SkyDor" />

The modern variant was modified:<ref name=":SkyDor" />

*Auto loader with more rounds *New cockpit *A generator added *3D target tracking microprocessor connected to a ''Gun King'' optronic sight and a laser rangefinder. *Fires the AHEAD timed airburst ammunitions |- ! colspan="7" |Ammunitions |- |'''Rheinmetall Air Defence AHEAD''' ''Advanced hit efficiency and destruction'' |{{flag|Switzerland}} | style="text-align: center;" |— |Anti-air airburst ammunition |35×228mm |— |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cañón AAA 35/90 GDF-007 |url=https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/materiales/artilleria_antiaerea/caaa35-90-007.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=InfoDefensa |first=Revista Defensa |title=El Ejército de Tierra encarga a Sapa extender la vida de los cañones antiaéreos 35/90, a la espera de un sustituto |url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/5333523/sapa-invertira-314-millones-extender-vida-canones-antiaereos-35-90-espera-sustituto |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Infodefensa - Noticias de defensa, industria, seguridad, armamento, ejércitos y tecnología de la defensa |language=es}}</ref> Vairants:

* PMD062, original round with 152 sub-projectiles (anti-aircraft, anti-missile) * PMD330, configured for C-RAM with 407 sub-projectiles * PMD428, configured for C-UAS with 675 sub-projectiles |- ! colspan="7" |Vehicles |- |'''{{ill|Iveco-Pegaso M250|lt=Iveco-Pegaso M320 6×6|fr|Iveco M250}}''' |{{flag|Italy}} {{flag|Spain}} | style="text-align: center;" |150x150px |Tactical transport truck |— |— |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Skydor Fire-Control System |url=https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/en/materiales/artilleria_antiaerea/direcciondetiroskydor.html}}</ref> Towing and transporting the equipment for the fire units. |}

== Equipment on order ==

=== Air defence weapons ===

==== MIM 104 Patriot PAC-3 + ==== The new fire units were ordered in July 2024.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Spain Procures Latest Patriot Missile Version From US – The Defense Post |url=https://thedefensepost.com/2024/07/19/spain-patriot-missile-us/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size: 92%;" ! style="text-align: left" |Model ! style="text-align: left" |Origin ! style="text-align: left" |Type ! style="text-align: left" |Quantity ! style="text-align: left" |Notes |- ! colspan="5" |Fire units |- |'''MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3+''' |{{flag|United States}} |Medium to long range air defence fire unit |'''0''' (+ 4 on order) |<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=US approves Spain's $2.8 billion Patriot purchase {{!}} Shephard |url=https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/air-warfare/28-billion-in-patriot-air-defence-systems-approved-for-spain/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=www.shephardmedia.com |language=en}}</ref> Order in July 2024 |- ! colspan="5" |Fire units composition |- |'''M903''' |{{flag|United States}} |Launching station (TEL) ''Transporter erector launcher'' |'''0''' (+ 24 on order) |<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":12" /> 6 launchers per fire unit, capable to launch up to 4 PAC-2 GEM-T, or 12 PAC-3 MSE missiles. |- |'''AN/MSQ-132 ECS''' ''Engagement Control Station'' |{{flag|United States}} |Tactical command and control |'''0''' (+ 4 on order) |<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":12" /> New command-and control station, 1 per PAC-3+ fire unit. |- |'''ICS''' ''information coordination central'' |{{flag|United States}} |Strategic command and control |'''0''' (+ 2 on order) |<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":12" /> Coordination centers between the fire units. |- |'''AN/MPQ-65''' |{{flag|United States}} |AESA, GaN, fire-control radar ''Active electronically scanned array'' |'''0''' (+ 4 on order) |<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":12" /> 1 radar system per PAC-3+ fire unit- The system is made of a radar, an IFF and an ECCM and track-via-missile. |- |'''OE-349 Antenna Mast Group''' |{{flag|United States}} {{flag|Spain}} |Transmission station (UHF communications array) |'''0''' (+ 8 on order) |<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":12" /> 2 directional transmission systems per fire units. Transmitting data from the ECS to the launchers. |- |'''Vincorion Patriot generators''' |{{flag|Germany}} |Electrical power plant for radar |'''0''' (+ 8 on order) |<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-13 |title=VINCORION Lands $67 Million Contract for Patriot Maintenance |url=https://www.vincorion.com/fr/patriot-maintenance-million-contract/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=Vincorion |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> |- ! colspan="5" |Missiles |- |'''PAC-2 GEM-T''' ''Patriot Advanced Capability-2 -Guidance Enhanced Missile'' |{{flag|United States}} {{flag|Germany}}

{{flag|Spain}} |SAM missile - anti-aircraft / anti-ballistic - long range ''Surface-to-air'' |'''Unknnown''' (+ 200 on order) |Order in January 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gosselin-Malo |first=Elisabeth |date=2024-01-03 |title=European nations team up to buy Patriot missiles in $5.5 billion deal |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2024/01/03/european-nations-team-up-to-buy-patriot-missiles-in-55-billion-deal/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=Defense News |language=en}}</ref> 1,000 missiles ordered in common with Germany, the Netherlands and Romania, to be manufactured in Europe, assembled in Germany in an agreement between Raytheon and MBDA Deutschland, Sener will also produce some parts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raytheon Awards Contract to Spain's Sener for Patriot GEM-T Missile Component Production |url=https://www.defensemirror.com/news/36679#:~:text=Sener%20will%20develop%20and%20manufacture,the%20Patriot%20GEM-T%20missile.&text=Raytheon,%20a%20division%20of%20RTX,by%20several%20countries%20including%20Ukraine. |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=www.defensemirror.com}}</ref> |- |'''PAC-3 MSE''' ''Patriot Advanced Capability-3 - Missile Segment Enhancement'' |{{flag|United States}} {{flag|Spain}} |SAM missile - anti-aircraft / anti-ballistic - medium range ''Surface-to-air'' |'''0''' (+ 51 on order)<ref name=":12" /> |<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":12" /> Agreement signed in July 2024 for the purchase of the PAC-3 MSE missile.

Lockheed Martin collaborates with Sener and {{ill|Tecnobit|lt=Oesía-Tecnobit|es|Tecnobit}} on the production of the missile.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-14 |title=Lockheed Martin expands industrial cooperation in Spain with PAC-3 MSE agreement |url=https://defence-industry.eu/lockheed-martin-expands-industrial-cooperation-in-spain-with-pac-3-mse-agreement/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |language=en}}</ref> |}

==See also== * Structure of the Spanish Army

==References== {{reflist}}

Category:Army units and formations of Spain Category:Air defence commands (military formations)