Soyuz (faction)

{{Other uses|Soyuz (disambiguation){{!}}Soyuz}} {{Infobox political party | name = Union | native_name = Союз | native_name_lang = ru | lang1 = | name_lang1 = | lang2 = | name_lang2 = | lang3 = | name_lang3 = | lang4 = | name_lang4 = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_upright = | logo_alt = | caption = | colorcode = red | abbreviation =  | leader = [[Viktor Alksnis]]<br>[[Yegor Ligachev]] | president = | chairperson =  | general_secretary = | first_secretary = | secretary_general = | presidium = | standing_committee = | secretary = | spokesperson =  | leader1_title = | leader1_name = | leader2_title = | leader2_name = | leader3_title = | leader3_name = | leader4_title = | leader4_name = | leader5_title = | leader5_name = | founder =  | founded = {{start date|1990|02|}} | registered = | legalised =  | dissolved = {{end date|1999|09|}} | merger = | split = | predecessor = | merged = [[Russian All-People's Union]]<br>[[Stalin Bloc – For the USSR]] | successor = | headquarters = | newspaper = | think_tank = | student_wing = | youth_wing = | womens_wing = | wing1_title = | wing1 = | wing2_title = | wing2 = | wing3_title = | wing3 = | wing4_title = | wing4 = | membership_year = | membership = | ideology = [[Neo-Stalinism]] | position = | religion = | national = [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] {{small|(until 1991)}} | regional =  | european = | continental =  | international = | europarl = | affiliation1_title = | affiliation1 = | affiliation2_title = | affiliation2 = | colors =  | slogan = | anthem = | blank1_title = | blank1 = | blank2_title = | blank2 = | blank3_title = | blank3 = | blank4_title = | blank4 = | seats1_title = | seats1 =  | seats2_title = | seats2 = | seats3_title = | seats3 = | seats4_title =  | seats4 =  | symbol = | flag = | flag_title = | flag_alt = | website = | state =  | country = Russia | country_dab1 = | parties_dab1 = | elections_dab1 = | country2 = | country_dab2 = | parties_dab2 = | elections_dab2 = | footnotes = }} '''Soyuz''' (Russian: Союз, translated as 'Union') was a faction in the [[Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union|Congress of People's Deputies]] of the USSR. The faction was critical of [[Perestroika]] and liberal reforms; it was opposed to de-centralization of the Soviet Union. The group was founded on 14 February 1990, and its leaders included [[Viktor Alksnis]] (from Latvian SSR), [[Yegor Ligachev]], Nikolai Petrushenko, Yevgeny Kogan (Estonian SSR), and Anatoly Checkoyev (Georgian SSR, South Ossetian autonomous region). The faction claimed to have 500 members in the USSR Supreme Soviet.

The group managed to oust Soviet foreign minister [[Eduard Shevardnadze]] for 'giving up' Eastern Europe. In February 1991, it asked for a [[martial law|'state of emergency']] to be introduced in the USSR. The Soyuz faction did not formally support the [[August coup|August Coup]] of 1991, an event that had devastating consequences for the faction.{{Explain|reason=how?|date=November 2021}} Many of the group leaders joined [[Sergei Baburin]]'s movement [[Russian All-People's Union]] and the related Rossiya faction in the RSFSR parliament (sometimes called the sister faction of the Soyuz group<ref>{{cite book |title=The Rise of Russia and the Fall of the Soviet Empire |first1=John B. |last1=Dunlop |date=23 April 1995 |isbn=0691001731 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMDQwnArs3EC&dq=deputies+soyuz&pg=PA149 }}</ref>). An organization with the same name<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasledie.ru/oborg/2_18/0104/index.htm |url-status=dead |title="СОЮЗ"—ВСЕСОЮЗНОЕ НАРОДНОЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ "СОЮЗ" (ВНД "СОЮЗ") |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927103551/http://www.nasledie.ru/oborg/2_18/0104/index.htm |archivedate=27 September 2011}}</ref> continued to exist as a political movement in the post-Soviet Russia, featuring communist/[[Neo-Stalinist]] views. That organisation took part in the 1995 legislative election within the bloc Power to the People, led by Baburin and [[Nikolai Ryzhkov]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://partinform.ru/ros_mn/rm_12.htm |title=Глава 12. Избирательные объединения в РСФСР и Российской Федерации }}</ref> In the 1999 legislative election, the Soyuz movement, then led by Georgy Tikhonov, took part within the [[Stalin Bloc — For the USSR]] coalition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://state.rin.ru/cgi-bin/main.pl?r=281 |title=Общероссийское общественно-политическое движение "Союз" |date=July 10, 1998 }}</ref>

==See also== * [[Soyuz (political party)]]

== References == {{reflist}}

==Further reading== *{{cite book|title=The Troubled Birth of Russian Democracy: Parties, Personalities, and Programs|first1=Sergei|last1=Markov|year=1993|isbn=9780817992330|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0JV-QtLl3I0C&dq=deputies+soyuz&pg=PA230}} {{Communist Party of the Soviet Union}} [[Category:1990 establishments in the Soviet Union]] [[Category:1999 disestablishments in Russia]] [[Category:Communist parties in the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Defunct communist parties in Russia]] [[Category:Dissolution of the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Factions in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Neo-Stalinist organizations]] {{Russia-party-stub}}