{{Short description|none}} {{use dmy dates|date=December 2021|cs1-dates=y}}
'''Publishing houses in the Soviet Union''' were a series of publishing enterprises which existed in the Soviet Union.
== Centralization == {{anchor|OGIZ}}On 8 August 1930, the Sovnarkom of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) established the state publishing monopoly, '''OGIZ''' ({{lang|ru|ОГИЗ}}, {{lang|ru|Объединение государственных книжно-журнальных издательств}}, Union of the State Book and Magazine Publishers), subordinated to {{lang|ru|Sovnarkom}}. At its core was the former {{lang|ru|Gosizdat}}. Other union republics followed the same pattern.
During the era of centralization{{when?|date=February 2019}} the names of most publishers contained the acronym "{{lang|ru|гиз}}" ("giz") standing for "{{lang|ru|государственное издательство}}" (''{{lang|ru|gosudarstvennoye izdatelstvo}}'', i.e., "State Publisher", S.P.).
== List == === Early publishers === As of 1 January 1930, there were 995 publishers in the RSFSR alone.<ref name="book"/>
* «{{lang|ru|Новая Москва}}» (New Moscow) * «{{lang|ru|Долой неграмотность}}» (Down with Illiteracy) * «{{lang|ru|Прибой}}» * «{{lang|ru|Всемирная литература}}» ({{lang|ru|Vsemirnaya literatura}}) (World Literature) (1919–1924) *Nedra Publishers (1922–1931), literary publisher
=== Period of centralization === * {{lang|ru|Gosizdat}} ({{lang|ru|Госиздат}}) (State Publishing House) * «{{lang|ru|Земля и фабрика}}» (Land and Factory) * «{{lang|ru|Московский рабочий}}» (The Moscow Worker) * «{{lang|ru|Молодая гвардия}}» (The Young Guard) * {{lang|ru|«Советская энциклопедия»}} (Soviet Encyclopedia) * «{{lang|ru|Работник просвещения}}» (The Worker for Enlightenment) * {{lang|ru|Госмедиздат}} * {{lang|ru|Госюриздат}} * {{lang|ru|Госсельхозиздат}} (State Agriculture Publishing House) * {{lang|ru|Госхимиздат}} * «{{lang|ru|Безбожник}}» (The Atheist) * «Academia» * «{{lang|ru|Федерация}}» (Federation) * «{{lang|ru|Недра}}» (Nedra) * {{lang|ru|Центроиздат}} * {{lang|ru|Издательство АН СССР}} (Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR) * {{lang|ru|Издательство Коммунистической академии}} (Publishing House of the Communist Academy) * {{lang|ru|Издательство НКВД}} (Publishing House of the NKVD) * {{lang|ru|Издательство Осоавиахима}} * OGIZ ** '''''{{lang|ru|Detgiz}}''''' ({{lang|ru|Детгиз}}) - stands for "State Publishing House for Children's Literature" ** {{anchor|Sotsekgiz}}'''''{{lang|ru|Sotsekgiz}}''''' ({{lang|ru|Соцэкгиз, Изд-во социально-экономической литературы}}, Publisher for Social-Economic Literature) - *** Renamed as {{lang|ru|Государственное издательство экономической литературы}}, State Publishing House of Economic Literature ** {{anchor|Uchpedgiz}}'''''{{lang|ru|Uchpedgiz}}''''' ({{lang|ru|Учпедгиз}}) - stands for "State Publishing House of Student and Pedagogical Literature", turned into the {{ill|Prosveshcheniye (publishing house)|lt=''Prosveshcheniye Publishing House''|ru|Просвещение (издательство)}} ** {{lang|ru|Масспартгиз}} ** {{anchor|Gostekhizdat}}{{lang|ru|Гостехиздат}} ({{lang|ru|Gostekhizdat}}) ** {{lang|ru|Сельколхозгиз}} ** {{lang|ru|Медиздат}} ** {{lang|ru|Государственное издательство художественной литературы}} - {{lang|ru|ГИХЛ}} (State Publishing House for Literary Works) ** {{lang|ru|Юндетиздат}} ** {{lang|ru|Военгиз}} ** {{lang|ru|Музгиз}} ** {{lang|ru|Юриздат}} ** {{lang|ru|Изогиз}} ** {{lang|ru|Словарно-энциклопедическое издательство}} (Lexicographic-Encyclopedic Publishing House) ** {{lang|ru|Гострансиздат}} ** {{lang|ru|Снабкоопгиз}} ** {{lang|ru|Физкультура и туризм}} (Physical Culture and Tourism) * {{lang|ru|Издательство партийной литературы}} ({{lang|ru|Партиздат}}) (Publishing House for Party Literature) ** Renamed into {{lang|ru|Госполитиздат}} ({{lang|ru-Latn|Gospolitizdat}}) * <!-- this one was just parked here and might have to move to a better place in the list -->{{anchor|Fizmatgiz}}{{lang|ru|Государственное издательство физико-математической литературы}} (Fizmatgiz/Физматгиз) * {{lang|ru|Наука}} (Nauka) (= Science) * {{lang|ru|РИА Новости}} (RIA Novosti) - for news * {{lang|ru|Издательство "Мир"}} (Mir (= world) Publishers) * {{lang|ru|Издательство "Прогресс"}} (Progress Publishers) * <!-- This one was just parked here and might have to move to a better place in the list -->{{anchor|GTTI}}{{lang|ru|Государственное технико-теоретическое издательство}} GTTI/ГТТИ * Spin-offs of {{lang|ru|Gostekhizdat}} ** {{anchor|ONTI}}{{lang|ru|Государственное научно-техническое издательство Наркомтяжпрома}} ({{lang|ru|ГНТИ НКТП}}), later decentralized into the {{lang|ru|Объединение научно-технических издательств}} <!-- {{lang|ru|Гострансизд-во.}} -->ONTI ({{lang|ru|ОНТИ}}) that included {{anchor|GONTI}}{{lang|ru|Государственное объединённое научно-техническое издательство}} GONTI ({{lang|ru|{{ill|ГОНТИ|ru}}}}): *** {{anchor|Tehteoretizdat|GITTL}}{{lang|ru|Техтеоретиздат}} ({{lang|ru|Tehteoretizdat}}) aka Государственное издательство технико-теоретической литературы ({{lang|ru|Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo Tehniko-Teoretičeskoj Literatury}} (ГИТТЛ / GITTL) *** {{lang|ru|Машметиздат}} *** {{lang|ru|Химтехиздат}} *** {{lang|ru|Энергоиздат}} *** {{lang|ru|Стройиздат}} *** etc. ** {{lang|ru|Гизлегпром}} ** {{lang|ru|Гослестехиздат}}
=== ''Perestroika'' publishers === * {{lang|ru|Книжная возврата}} (RKP) * <!-- Not a "Soviet" publisher, but parked here to concentrate incoming redirects until we have a dedicated article for Fizmatlit -->{{anchor|Fizmatlit}}{{ill|Fizmatlit|ru|Физматлит}} (Izdatelstvo fiziko-matematicheskói i tejnicheskói literatury {{lang|ru|Физматли́т}}) ({{lang|ru|Изда́тельство фи́зико-математи́ческой и техни́ческой литерату́ры<!-- Издательство физико-математической и технической литературы -->}}) (1990–1998)
== List of printing houses == * «{{lang|ru|Полиграфкнига}}» (Polygraph Book) * «{{lang|ru|Полиграф}}» (Polygraph)
== References == <references> <ref name="book">{{cite web |title=Creation of the Centralized System of Book Printing in the USSR |date=2013-04-17 |url=http://www.hi-edu.ru/x-books/xbook087/01/index.html?part-021.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130417000714/http://www.hi-edu.ru/x-books/xbook087/01/index.html?part-021.htm |archive-date=2013-04-17}} from {{cite book |script-title=ru:История книги: Учебник для вузов |language=ru |trans-title=The History of the Book, a Textbook for Higher Educational Institutions |editor-last1=Говорова |editor-first1=А. А. |editor-last2=Куприяновой |editor-first2=Т. Г. |publication-place=Moscow |publisher=Svetoton (Светотон) |date=2001 |isbn=5-7419-0040-2}}</ref> </references>
==Further reading== * {{cite book |script-title=ru:Книгоиздание СССР. Цифры и факты. 1917–1987 |language=ru |trans-title=Book publishing of the USSR. Figures and facts. 1917–1987 |author-first1=Е. Л. (E. L.) |author-last1=Немировский (Nemirovsky) |author-first2=М. Л. (M. L.) |author-last2=Платова (Platova) |publisher=Kniga |date=1987}} * {{cite magazine |script-title=ru:О советской издательской системе |language=ru |trans-title=On the Soviet publishing system |author-first=В. Д. (V. D.) |author-last=Соколов (Sokolov) |magazine=ВЕСИ |publisher=Vesi |date=2019-03-20 |number=2 (#150) |pages=50–62 |url=http://ukbki.ru/upload/content/files/vesi-2-2019-all_low_.pdf |access-date=2021-12-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123100723/http://ukbki.ru/upload/content/files/vesi-2-2019-all_low_.pdf |archive-date=2021-11-23}}
{{Soviet Union topics}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Publishing companies of the Soviet Union Category:Mass media companies of the Soviet Union Category:Culture of the Soviet Union {{publishing-stub}}