{{Short description|River in Ukraine}} {{about|the river in southern Ukraine|the tributary of the Vistula River in [[Eastern Europe]]|Bug (river)}} {{Infobox river | name = Southern Bug | name_native = {{native name|uk|Південний Буг}} | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = the Slavic hydronym *bugъ/*buga <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Sunset S Bug Vinnitsa 2007 G1.jpg | image_size = 270 | image_caption = The Southern Bug in the vicinity of [[Vinnytsia]], [[Ukraine]] | map = PietinisBugas.png | map_size = 270px | map_caption = Southern Bug through Ukraine | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 5 <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Ukraine]] | subdivision_type2 = Cities | subdivision_name2 = [[Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine|Khmelnytskyi]], [[Khmilnyk]], [[Vinnytsia]], [[Haivoron]], [[Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast|Pervomaisk]], [[Voznesensk]], [[Mykolaiv]] | subdivision_type3 = Oblast | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|806|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = 108 m3/s | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Khmelnytskyi Oblast]], [[Ukraine]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Bug estuary]], [[Ukraine]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = {{PDnieper–Bug estuary}} | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|63700|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Yedisan.jpg|thumb|right|The river is named as ''Bog Fl[uss]'' on this 1791 Austrian map (in German).]] [[File:Confluence of the rivers Southern Bug and Dnieper.jpg|thumb|right|The river is named as ''Bog'' on this 1788 French map showing the [[Dnieper–Bug estuary]] (Liman).]]
The '''Southern Bug''', also called '''Southern Buh'''<ref name="EB-Southern_Buh">{{cite web | url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/556686/Southern-Buh | title=Encyclopædia Britannica: Southern Buh (River) | publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica | access-date=May 8, 2011}}</ref> ({{langx|uk|Південний Буг|Pivdennyi Buh}}; {{langx|ru|Южный Буг|Yuzhny Bug}}; {{langx|crh|Aq Suv}}; {{langx|ro|Bugul de Sud}} or just {{lang|ro|Bug}}),<ref name="EB-Southern_Buh"/> and sometimes '''Boh River''' ({{langx|uk|Бог|link=no}}; {{langx|pl|Boh}}),<ref name=eou>[http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CB%5CO%5CBohRiver.htm Boh River] at the [[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]</ref> is a navigable river located in [[Ukraine]]. It is the [[List of longest rivers of Ukraine|second-longest river]] flowing exclusively in Ukraine.
While located in relatively close proximity, the river should not be confused with the [[Western Bug]] or Bug, which flows in the opposite direction towards the [[Baltics]]. The source of the Southern Bug is in the west of Ukraine, in the [[Volhynian-Podolian Upland]], about {{convert|145|km|mi|abbr=off}} from the Polish border, from where it flows southeasterly into the [[Bug Estuary]] ([[Black Sea]] basin) through the southern [[steppes]] (see [[Granite-steppe lands of Buh]] park). It is {{convert|806|km|mi|abbr=off}} long and drains {{convert|63700|km2}}.<ref name=bse>[http://bse.sci-lib.com/article127687.html Южный Буг], [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]</ref>
Several regionally important cities and towns in Ukraine are located on the Southern Bug. Beginning in Western Ukraine and moving downstream, in a southeasterly direction, they are: [[Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine|Khmelnytskyi]], [[Khmilnyk]], [[Vinnytsia]], [[Haivoron]], [[Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast|Pervomaisk]], [[Voznesensk]] and [[Mykolaiv]].<ref name=bse/>
On several occasions the river served as an international border. At least following the [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)|1768–1774 Russo-Turkish War]], and more narrowly the Chyhyryn campaigns, the river became a border between the Imperial Russia and Ottomans. Some 200 years later between 1941 and 1944 during [[World War II]] the Southern Bug formed the border between German-occupied Ukraine ([[Reichskommissariat Ukraine]]) and the Romanian-occupied part of Ukraine, called [[Transnistria Governorate|Transnistria]].
== Nomenclature and etymology == {{bulleted list |{{langx|uk|Південний Буг|Pivdennyi Buh}} |{{langx|pl|Boh}} |{{langx|ro|Bugul de Sud}} or just {{lang|ro|Bug}} |{{langx|ru|Южный Буг|Yuzhny Bug}} |Ottoman {{langx|tr|Aksu}} }}
[[Herodotus]] (c. 484–425 BCE) refers to the river using its [[ancient Greek]] name: Hypanis.<ref>{{Cite Herodotus| 4.52 }}</ref> During the [[Migration Period]] of the 5th to the 8th centuries CE the Southern Bug represented a major obstacle to all the migrating peoples in the area. In his work [[Getica]], [[Jordanes]] calls the river '''Bogossola'''.<ref name=bogossola>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141806/http://www.tourclub.com.ua/ru/info/local-lore/southern_buh/river_peculiarities Southern Bug (Южный Буг)]. www.tourclub.com.ua.</ref> Mentioning of Bogossola could also be found in works of [[Guido of Pisa]].<ref name=bogossola/>
The long-standing local Slavic name of the river, ''Boh'' ([[Cyrillic]]: Бог),<ref name=eou/> according to [[Zbigniew Gołąb]] as ''*bugъ''/''*buga'' derives from Indo-European verbal root ''*bheug-'' (having cognates in old [[Proto-Germanic language|Germanic]] word ''*bheugh-'' etc. with meaning of "bend, turn, moves away"), with hypothetical original meaning of "pertaining to a (river) bend", and derivatives in Russian {{Lang|ru-Latn|búga}} ("low banks of a river, overgrown with bushes"), Polish {{Lang|pol|bugaj}} ("bushes or woods in a river valley or on a steep river bank"), Latvian {{Lang|lv|bauga}} ("marshy place by a river").<ref>{{citation |first=Zbigniew |last=Gołąb |author-link = Zbigniew Gołąb |year=1992 |title=The Origins of the Slavs: A Linguist's View |url=https://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/39006 |location=[[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]] |publisher=Slavica |pages=258–260 |isbn=9780893572310}}</ref> The Polish linguist [[Jan Michał Rozwadowski]] was explaining that the name derived from the Indo-European root "water", "source", "swamp".<ref name=bogossola/> The 17th-century French military engineer and geographer [[Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan]] recorded the name of the river as ''Bog''.<ref> {{cite book | last1 = Le Vasseur de Beauplan | first1 = Guillaume | author-link1 = Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan | year = 1651 | editor1-last = Golitsyn | editor1-first = Avgustin Petrovich | title = Description de l'Vkranie depvis les confins de la Moscovie jvsqu'avx limites de la Transylvanie |trans-title=Description of Ukraine from the borders of Muscovy to the limits of Transylvania | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-isEAAAAYAAJ | series = Bibliothèque russienne | language = fr | location = Paris | publisher = J. Techener | publication-date = 1861 | page = 57 | access-date = 2014-10-30 | quote = A trois lieues audessus de Douczakow [Ochakiv] est l'emboucheure du Bog où se trouve vne isle en forme de triangle, viron de demi lieue de long le trauers de Semenwiruk. [...] Au dessus de Semenwirut, il y a sur le Bog Winaradnakricza, qui est vne fontaine sur un précipice, lieu beau et propre à habiter, tant pour le bois qui est à commodité que pour les moulins qui s'y pourraient faire.}}</ref>
== History == {{expand section|date=March 2024}} From the 16th to the 18th centuries most of the south of Ukraine was under Turkish imperial domination and the colonists renamed the river using their language to the ''Aq-su'', meaning the "White river". Indigenous Slavic{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}} toponyms were re-established after the conquest of the Pontic region from Turkish domination in the 17th and 18th centuries.
On March 6, 1918, the [[Central Council of Ukraine|Central Council]] of the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] adopted a law on the "administrative-territorial division of Ukraine", dividing it into regional districts. One of these, Pobozhia (meaning lands of the ''Boh'', {{langx |uk|Побожжя}}), was in the upstream lands of the Southern Bug, near the source of the river.
==Tributaries== The main tributaries of the Southern Bug are, from source to mouth (length in parentheses): * Left: [[Buzhok (river)|Buzhok]] (75), [[Ikva (Southern Bug)|Ikva]] (57), [[Snyvoda]] (58), [[Desna (Southern Bug)|Desna]] (80), [[Sob (Southern Bug)|Sob]] (115), [[Udych]] (56), [[Synytsia]] (78), [[Syniukha]] (111), [[Velyka Korabelna]] (45), [[Mertvovid]] (114), [[Hnylyi Yelanets]] (103), [[Inhul]] (354) * Right: [[Vovk (river)|Vovk]] (71), [[Zghar]] (95), {{ill|Rov (river)|de|Riw|it|Riv (fiume)|pl|Riw|ru|Ров (река)|uk|Рів (річка)|lt=Riv}}, (104), [[Silnytsia]] (67), [[Dokhna]] (68), [[Savran (river)|Savran]] (97), [[Kodyma (river)|Kodyma]] (149), [[Bakshala]] (57), [[Chychyklia]] (156)
==Ecology== In October 2020, the Southern Bug was stocked with {{convert|350|kg}} of Hungarian carp and {{convert|50|kg}} of silver carp at Khmelnytskyi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=У Південний Буг запустили 350 кілограмів угорського коропа|url=https://khmelnytskyi.name/uk/u-pivdennij-bug-zapustili-350-kilogramiv-ugorskogo-koropa|access-date=2020-10-26|website=khmelnytskyi.name|date=26 October 2020 |language=uk}}</ref>
==Bridges and ferries== [[File:Varvarovskiy Bridge-1.JPG|thumb|Varvarivskyi Bridge in [[Mykolaiv]]]] The Varvarivskyi Bridge over Southern Bug in [[Mykolaiv]] is a [[swing bridge]] (facilitating [[ship building]]) with [[Europe]]'s largest span ({{cvt|134|m|disp=semicolon}}).<ref name="KYIVDIPROTRANS">{{cite web | url=http://kgt.ua/en/37/39 | title=History | publisher=Kyivdiprotrans Institute | access-date=19 August 2013 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233612/http://kgt.ua/en/37/39 | archive-date=30 December 2013 }}</ref> It is also the southernmost bridge over the river.
==Navigation== The river is technically navigable for dozens of kilometers up from its mouth; several [[Inland port|river ports]] (such as [[Mykolaiv]]) exist.
In 2011, plans were announced to revive commercial freight navigation on the Southern Bug upstream of Mykolaiv, to facilitate the increasing [[grain]] export from Ukraine.<ref>[http://delo.ua/business/nibulon-zalozhil-osnovu-sobst-158527/ «НИБУЛОН» заложил основу собственного флота]{{in lang|uk}}</ref> As of April 2018, freight navigation was renewed between the estuary and a newly built grain terminal in the village of Prybuzhany, [[Voznesensk Raion]], in the center of the [[Mykolaiv Oblast]].
==Gallery== <gallery class="center"> File:Southern Bug under ice.JPG|Winter-frozen Southern Bug in [[Mykolaiv]] File:Rika Ploska vpadaye v Pivdenny Bug, Khmelnitsky, 2005 07 28.jpg|The {{Ill|Ploska River|uk|Плоска (річка)}} emptying into the Southern Bug File:South Bug Vinnitsa 2006 G1.JPG|Southern Bug in [[Vinnytsia]] File:Ship M I Pirogov Vinnitsa 2006 G2.jpg|A [[riverboat]] on the river in Vinnytsia (2006) File:South bug08.jpg|Riverside skyline of [[Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine|Khmelnytskyi]] File:Yujni bug 2.jpg|Southern Bug in vicinity of the [[Granite-steppe lands of Buh|Granite-steppe lands of Bug]] landscape park File:Меджибізький замок (травень 2011).jpg|Southern Bug in Medzhybizh File:Confluence of the rivers Southern Bug and Dnieper.jpg|Historical map of the confluence of the rivers Southern Bug and Dnieper </gallery>
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category|Southern Bug}} * [http://www.tourclub.com.ua/en/tours/rafting/south-bug Southern Buh rafting] * {{in lang|pl}} [http://dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_I/284 Boh] in the [[Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland]] (1880) * {{in lang|ru}} [http://ukrainian.su/photogallery.html?func=detail&id=669 Photos of the Southern Buh coasts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609234951/http://ukrainian.su/photogallery.html?func=detail&id=669 |date=2010-06-09 }} * {{in lang|ru}} [http://lostworld.com.ua/tours/rafting/rafting-na-migeyskih-porogah-yujniy-bug.html Southern Buh rafting, photo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205135246/http://lostworld.com.ua/tours/rafting/rafting-na-migeyskih-porogah-yujniy-bug.html |date=2020-02-05 }}
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{{Rivers of Ukraine}}
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[[Category:Southern Bug| ]] [[Category:Rivers of Ukraine]] [[Category:Rivers of Khmelnytskyi Oblast]] [[Category:Rivers of Kirovohrad Oblast]] [[Category:Rivers of Mykolaiv Oblast]] [[Category:Rivers of Odesa Oblast]] [[Category:Rivers of Vinnytsia Oblast]] [[Category:Tributaries of the Black Sea]]