{{Short description|1952 design of steam shunting locomotive}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}} {{Use South African English|date=November 2013}} {{Infobox locomotive | name = South African Class S2 0-8-0 | image = Class S2 3728 (0-8-0) c.jpg | alt = | caption = No. 3728 in the Table Bay yard, August 1973 | hatnote = | powertype = Steam | designer = South African Railways<br>(L.C. Grubb) | builder = Friedrich Krupp AG | ordernumber = | serialnumber = 2966–3065 | buildmodel = Class S2 | builddate = 1952–1953 | totalproduction = 100 | rebuilder = | rebuilddate = | numberrebuilt = | whytetype = {{whyte|0-8-0}} (Eight-coupled) | uicclass = Dh2 | driver = 3rd coupled axle | gauge = {{Track gauge|Cape|allk=on}} | leadingdiameter = | coupleddiameter = {{convert|48|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | trailingdiameter = | tenderdiameter = {{convert|34|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | minimumcurve = | wheelbase = {{convert|51|ft|2+5/8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | engine total = {{convert|12|ft|9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | leading = | coupled = | trailing = | tender total = {{convert|24|ft|7+1/4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | tenderbogie = {{convert|8|ft|8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | pivotcentres = | wheelspacing = | length = | over couplers = {{convert|63|ft|3+3/4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | over bufferbeams= | width = | height = {{convert|12|ft|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | frametype = Cast | axleload = {{convert|13|lt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | leadingbogie/pony= | coupled all = | coupled 1 = {{convert|13|lt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled 2 = {{convert|12|lt|6|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled 3 = {{convert|11|lt|4|lcwt|3|qtr|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled 4 = {{convert|11|lt|2|lcwt|3|qtr|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled 5 = | coupled 6 = | coupled 7 = | coupled 8 = | trail bogie/pony= | tenderbogieload = '''Bogie 1:''' {{convert|26|lt|15|lcwt|3|qtr|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}<br>'''Bogie 2:''' {{convert|26|lt|12|lcwt|1|qtr|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | tenderaxle = {{convert|8|lt|18|lcwt|2|qtr|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | weightondrivers = {{convert|47|lt|13|lcwt|2|qtr|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | locoweight = {{convert|47|lt|13|lcwt|2|qtr|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | tenderweight = {{convert|54|lt|8|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | locotenderweight = {{convert|102|lt|1|lcwt|2|qtr|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | tendertype = MY1 (Buckeye 3-axle bogies) | fueltype = Coal | fuelcap = {{convert|8|lt|t|1|abbr=on}} | watercap = {{convert|4200|impgal|L|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} | tendercap = | sandcap = | fireboxtype = Round-top | firearea = {{convert|30|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | boiler = | boilertype = | pitch = {{convert|8|ft|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | diameterinside = {{convert|4|ft|6+7/8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | lengthinside = {{convert|13|ft|5+3/8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | smalltubediameter= '''91:''' {{convert|2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | largetubediameter= '''18:''' {{convert|5+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | boilerpressure = {{convert|195|psi|kPa|0|abbr=on}} | safetyvalvetype = Pop | feedwaterheater = | totalsurface = {{convert|1092|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | tubearea = {{convert|979|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | archarea = | fluearea = | tubesandflues = | fireboxarea = {{convert|113|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | superheatertype = | superheaterarea = {{convert|330|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | generator = | cylindercount = Two | cylindersize = {{convert|18|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} bore<br>{{convert|26|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} stroke | frontcylindersize= | rearcylindersize = | hpcylindersize = | lpcylindersize = | valvegear = Walschaerts | valvetype = Piston | valvetravel = | valvelap = | valvelead = | transmission = | trainheating = | locobrakes = | trainbrakes = | safety = | coupling = AAR knuckle | maxspeed = {{convert|25|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}} | poweroutput = | tractiveeffort = {{convert|25300|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} @ 75% | factorofadhesion = | locobrakeforce = | operator = South African Railways | operatorclass = Class S2 | powerclass = | numinclass = 100 | fleetnumbers = 3701–3800 | officialname = | nicknames = | axleloadclass = | deliverydate = 1952–1953 | firstrundate = 1952 | lastrundate = | withdrawndate = 1985 | preservedunits = | restoredate = | scrapdate = | currentowner = | disposition = | notes = The 3rd coupled axle had flangeless wheels }}
The '''South African Railways Class S2 0-8-0''' of 1952 was a steam locomotive.
In 1952 and 1953, the South African Railways placed one hundred Class S2 shunting steam locomotives with an {{whyte|0-8-0}} wheel arrangement in service.<ref name="Holland 2">{{Holland-Vol 2|pages=108–109}}</ref><ref name="Paxton-Bourne">{{Paxton-Bourne|page=81}}</ref>
==Design specifications== thumb|left|150px|L.C. Grubb By 1952, the need arose for shunting locomotives with a light axle load for harbour work, where most of the trackwork was laid with light rail. Under the direction of L.C. Grubb, Chief Mechanical Engineer of the South African Railways (SAR) from 1949 to 1954, specifications were prepared for a light locomotive with the 0-8-0 wheel arrangement which had already been proven successful with the Classes S and S1 shunting engines. To keep the total weight of the engine and tender down to approximately {{convert|100|lt|t|1|abbr=off}}, it was to be equipped with the Watson Standard no. 1 boiler, the smallest of the standard boilers.<ref name="Holland 2"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/>
==Manufacturer== When tenders were called for, a number of firms responded, but all except one stated that it would not be possible to construct the locomotive within the stipulated weight. Only the firm of Friedrich Krupp AG of Essen in Germany undertook to build the locomotives to the required specifications.<ref name="Holland 2"/>
When design work commenced after the signing of the contract, however, it was discovered that the other tendering firms had been correct and that the locomotives could not be built within the specified weight limit, if the specifications were to be adhered to. It was eventually agreed that Krupp should design a suitable smaller boiler which would bring the locomotive's weight down to a level which would be in line with the stipulated maximum. The result was an engine which had the appearance of a Cape gauge locomotive with a narrow gauge boiler, particularly when viewed from the front.<ref name="Holland 2"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/>
One hundred Class S2 locomotives were subsequently built by Krupp and delivered in 1952 and 1953, numbered in the range from 3701 to 3800. Even with the smaller Krupp-designed boiler, the locomotive's eventual working order weight was still more than {{convert|2|lt|t|1|abbr=off}} over the desired maximum.<ref name="Holland 2"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="diagram-book"/>
==Characteristics== The locomotive had Walschaerts valve gear and was superheated. Its cast steel frame was a single casting with separately attached cylinders. As built, the third coupled axle had flangeless wheels to negotiate the tight curves found in docks.<ref name="Holland 2"/>
thumb|left|Buckeye bogie Like the Class 24 and the last batch of the Class 19D, the Class S2 had a tank wagon type tender, similar in appearance to the American Vanderbilt type tender, with cylindrical water tanks and commonly known as a ''Torpedo'' tender. Its Type MY1 tender also rode on three-axle Buckeye bogies to reduce the axle load, but was much shorter than the Type MX tender of the Class 19D and with a different coal bunker top design than that of the Type MY tender of the Class 24. As was done with the tenders of the Classes S and S1, the top sides of the coal bunker were scalloped out to improve the crew's rearward field of vision.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="diagram-book">South African Railways and Harbours Locomotive Diagram Book, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge Steam Locomotives, 15 August 1941, as amended</ref>
==Service== Most of the Class S2 locomotives were placed in shunting service in the Durban, Table Bay and Port Elizabeth harbours where they replaced a variety of aged 4-6-0, 4-8-0 and 4-8-2T locomotives. Although about twenty were also allocated to yards on the Witwatersrand and in the Eastern Transvaal where they were employed in light general shunting, the Class S2 became synonymous with harbour shunting from their arrival in 1952 right through to the end of steam in 1982.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Soul of a Railway 1-16">[https://sites.google.com/site/soulorailway/home/system-1/part-16---table-bay-harbour Soul of A Railway, System 1, Part 16: Table Bay Harbour © Les Pivnic. Captions 109, 111, 117, 119, 120.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024151614/https://sites.google.com/site/soulorailway/home/system-1/part-16---table-bay-harbour |date=24 October 2020 }} (Accessed on 30 June 2017)</ref><ref name="Durrant">{{Durrant-Twilight|pages=122–123}}</ref>
thumb|left|x100px In Cape Town, 23 Class S2 engines were initially allocated to Paarden Island where they replaced a variety of aged Class 6 locomotives in dock shunting. They also relieved larger locomotives like Class 3R and others from shunting to be dedicated to pickup work and hauler service between the harbour and the Bellville yard. Due to being restricted to a maximum speed of {{convert|25|mph|km/h|0|abbr=off}}, the Class S2 was considered unsuitable for the dual role of hauling and shunting. Their number in Cape Town rose to more than thirty by the mid-1970s, when eleven engines would handle the dock shunting on a daily basis and six or seven could often be seen coupled together going to and from Paarden Eiland shed at shift changes.<ref name="Soul of a Railway 1-16"/>
In 1972, two new Blue Train sets built by Union Carriage & Wagon in Nigel entered service and were stabled at Capital Park in Pretoria. Class S2 no. 3793 served as carriage shunt engine at Capital Park at the time and was painted in blue livery to match the Blue Train stock. It was eventually replaced by Class 19D no. 2749 which was also painted blue.<ref name="Durrant"/><ref name="Soul of a Railway 8-2">[https://sites.google.com/site/soulorailway/home/system-8/pretoria-local-services-locomotive-sheds-and-workshops---2 Soul of A Railway, System 8, Part 2: Pretoria: including local services, workshops and running sheds, Part 2. Captions 39, 40, 53.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325113112/https://sites.google.com/site/soulorailway/home/system-8/pretoria-local-services-locomotive-sheds-and-workshops---2 |date=25 March 2017 }} (Accessed on 18 March 2017)</ref>
During 1981, four Class S2 locomotives were hired to Mozambique for dock shunting in Maputo.<ref name="Durrant"/>
With one exception, the whole Class S2 fleet was withdrawn from service between 1979 and 1982. The last Class S2 locomotive in service was the shed pilot at Waterval Boven, which remained in service until 1985. In Cape Town and Durban they were replaced by Class {{nowrap|36-000}} or Class {{nowrap|36-200}} light general purpose diesel-electric locomotives, but in Port Elizabeth their initial replacements were older steam locomotives of larger capacity.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Durrant"/>
==Commemoration== A 10c postage stamp depicting a Class S2 locomotive was one of a set of four commemorative postage stamps that were issued by the South African Post Office on 27 April 1983 to commemorate the steam locomotives of South Africa which were rapidly being withdrawn from service at the time. The artwork and stamp design was by the noted stamp designer and artist Hein Botha.<ref name="Philbullet">Philatelic Bulletin 176, issued by Philatelic Services and INTERSAPA, 1983</ref>
The particular locomotive depicted was no. 3781. The outline of a traditional SAR locomotive number plate was used as a commemorative cancellation for De Aar on the date of issue.<ref name="Philbullet"/>
==Preservation== Of the Class S2, three survived into preservation. By 2018
{| class="wikitable" |-t ! Number !! Works nmr !! THF / Private !! Leaselend / Owner !! Current Location !! Outside SOUTH AFRICA !! ? |- | 3706 || Krupp 2971 || THF || Transnet Heritage Foundation || Outiniqua Transport Museum || || |- | 3765 || Krupp 3030 || THF || || Krugersdorp Locomotive Depot || || |- | 3778 || Krupp 3043 || Private || Railway Society of South Africa || Masons Mill Locomotive Depot || || |}
==Illustration== One locomotive, no. 3706, was preserved in the Outeniqua Transport Museum in George. <gallery mode=packed heights="180px" perrow="3"> File:Class S2 3728 (0-8-0) a.jpg|No. 3728 in Table Bay Harbour yard, August 1973 File:Class S2 3744 (0-8-0).jpg|No. 3744 in Table Bay Harbour yard, August 1973 File:Class S2 no. 3706 a.JPG|No. 3706 at Millsite, c. 1990 File:Class S2 no. 3706 b.JPG|No. 3706 at Millsite, c. 1990 </gallery>
==References== {{Commons category|South African Class S2 (0-8-0)|South African Class S2 0-8-0|position=left}} {{Reflist}} {{Locomotives of South Africa}} {{Steam locomotive tenders}}
2190 2190 Category:0-8-0 locomotives Category:D h2 locomotives Category:Krupp locomotives Category:Cape gauge railway locomotives Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1952 Category:1952 in South Africa Category:Shunting locomotives