South African Class F 4-6-4T

{{Short description|1904 design of steam locomotive}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}} {{Use South African English|date=November 2013}} {{Infobox locomotive | name = CSAR Class F 4-6-4T<br>South African Class F 4-6-4T | image = SAR Klasse F.jpg | alt = | caption = CSAR Class F no. 260, SAR Class F no. 78 | hatnote = | powertype = Steam | designer = Central South African Railways<br>(P.A. Hyde) | builder = Vulcan Foundry | ordernumber = | serialnumber = 1908–1915 | buildmodel = CSAR Class F | builddate = 1904 | totalproduction = 8 | rebuilder = | rebuilddate = | numberrebuilt = | whytetype = 4-6-4T (Baltic) | uicclass = 2'C2'n2t | driver = 2nd coupled axle | gauge = {{Track gauge|Cape|allk=on}} | leadingdiameter = {{convert|30|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | coupleddiameter = {{convert|54|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | trailingdiameter = {{convert|30|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | tenderdiameter = | minimumcurve = | wheelbase = {{convert|34|ft|1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | engine total = | leading = {{convert|6|ft|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | coupled = {{convert|11|ft|mm|0|abbr=on}} | trailing = {{convert|6|ft|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | tender total = | tenderbogie = | pivotcentres = | wheelspacing = '''1-2:''' {{convert|5|ft|3|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br>'''2-3:''' {{convert|5|ft|9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | length = | over couplers = {{convert|41|ft|5+3/4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | over bufferbeams = | width = | height = {{convert|12|ft|7+9/16|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | frametype = Bar | axleload = {{convert|13|lt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | leadingbogie/pony= {{convert|18|lt|14|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled all = {{convert|13|lt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled 1 = | coupled 2 = | coupled 3 = | coupled 4 = | coupled 5 = | coupled 6 = | coupled 7 = | coupled 8 = | trail bogie/pony = {{convert|21|lt|6|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | tenderbogieload = | tenderaxle = | weightondrivers = {{convert|39|lt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | locoweight = {{convert|79|lt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | tenderweight = | locotenderweight = | tendertype = | fueltype = Coal | fuelcap = {{convert|3|lt|t|1|abbr=on}} | watercap = {{convert|1800|impgal|L|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} | tendercap = | sandcap = | fireboxtype = Round-top | firearea = {{convert|21.75|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | boiler = | boilertype = | pitch = {{convert|7|ft|1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | diameterinside = {{convert|5|ft|mm|0|abbr=on}} | lengthinside = {{convert|12|ft|7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | smalltubediameter= '''205:''' {{convert|2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | largetubediameter= | boilerpressure = {{convert|200|psi|kPa|0|abbr=on}} | safetyvalvetype = Ramsbottom | feedwaterheater = | totalsurface = {{convert|1481|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | tubearea = {{convert|1350|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | fluearea = | tubesandflues = | fireboxarea = {{convert|131|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | superheatertype = | superheaterarea = | cylindercount = Two | cylindersize = {{convert|18|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} bore<br>{{convert|26|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} stroke | frontcylindersize= | rearcylindersize = | hpcylindersize = | lpcylindersize = | valvegear = Stephenson | valvetype = | valvetravel = | valvelap = | valvelead = | transmission = | trainheating = | locobrakes = | trainbrakes = | safety = | coupling = Johnston link-and-pin | maxspeed = | poweroutput = | tractiveeffort = {{convert|23410|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} @ 75% | factorofadhesion = | locobrakeforce = | operator = Central South African Railways<br>South African Railways | operatorclass = Class F | powerclass = | numinclass = 8 | fleetnumbers = CSAR 260-267, SAR 78-85 | officialname = | nicknames = ''Chocolate Box'' | axleloadclass = | locale = | deliverydate = 1904 | firstrundate = 1904 | lastrundate = | withdrawndate = 1931 | preservedunits = | restoredate = | scrapdate = | currentowner = | disposition = | notes = }}

The '''South African Railways Class F 4-6-4T''' of 1904 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal Colony.

In 1904, the Central South African Railways placed eight Class F tank steam locomotives with a {{nowrap|4-6-4}} Baltic type wheel arrangement in service. In 1912, when these locomotives were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered but retained their Class F classification.<ref name="Holland 1">{{Holland-Vol 1|pages=127–129}}</ref><ref name="SAR&H Jan 1945">Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1945). ''The Locomotive in South Africa – A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VI – Imperial Military Railways and C.S.A.R.'' (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, January 1945. pp. 14-15.</ref><ref name="SAR Renumber">Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer's Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 7, 11, 13, 19-20 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)</ref>

==Manufacturer== The first two locomotive types to be designed for the Central South African Railways (CSAR) by P.A. Hyde, who had been appointed as Chief Locomotive Superintendent of the CSAR upon its inception on 1 July 1902, were placed in service in 1904. These were the Class 9 Pacific type passenger locomotive and the Class F {{nowrap|4-6-4}} Baltic type tank steam locomotive.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="SAR&H Jan 1945"/>

Orders for these two classes were placed simultaneously with Vulcan Foundry of Newton-le-Willows in England. The eight Class F locomotives were delivered in 1904, numbered in the range from 260 to 267.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="SAR&H Jan 1945"/>

==Characteristics== Since the Class F and the Class 9 were designed and built simultaneously, there were many similarities between them. Apart from the tank locomotive's slightly smaller coupled wheels of {{convert|54|in|mm|0|abbr=off}} diameter compared to {{convert|57|in|mm|0|abbr=off}} on the Class 9, many parts were made interchangeable, including their boilers, cylinders and valve motion. They had bar frames, Stephenson valve gear and used saturated steam.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="SAR&H Jan 1945"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne">{{Paxton-Bourne|page=30}}</ref>

The locomotive had electric headlights, powered by a steam turbine and generator which were fitted between the chimney and the headlight on top of the smokebox.<ref name="SAR&H Jan 1945"/>

In common with the CSAR's Classes 8 and 9, the Class F suffered from fractures in the bar frames, particularly between the cylinders and the leading coupled wheels. The problem was overcome by fitting {{convert|1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=off}} thick flitch plates on each side of the frame at this point.<ref name="SAR&H Jan 1945"/>

==Renumbering== When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (Cape Government Railways, Natal Government Railways and CSAR) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.<ref name="SAR Renumber"/><ref name="SAR History">''The South African Railways – Historical Survey''. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, p. 25.</ref>

In 1912, these locomotives retained their Class F designation, but were renumbered in the range from 78 to 85.<ref name="SAR Renumber"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Holland 2">{{Holland-Vol 2|page=136}}</ref>

==Service== At the time when the Class F locomotives were ordered, the suburban services on the Reef were being worked by {{nowrap|46 Tonner}} Class B tank locomotives which had been inherited from the ''Nederlandsche-Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorweg-Maatschappij'' (NZASM) via the Imperial Military Railways (IMR). Since the loads were fast becoming too heavy for them, the Class F was designed and ordered as a replacement, intended for the suburban passenger services between Springs and Randfontein.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/>

Hyde considered the Class F and the Class 9 as two of his most successful designs for the CSAR. The tank locomotives were very attractive in appearance, with double red lining on their black livery. The IMR tradition of polished copper-capped chimneys, brass domes and boiler bands was continued on the CSAR. The locomotives were always maintained in immaculate condition while in service and became affectionately known as the ''Chocolate Boxes''.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/>

The last of the Class F was withdrawn from service by 1931.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/>

==Illustration== The main picture is a Vulcan Foundry builder's photograph of Class F no. 260. The following pictures show the locomotive in service. <gallery mode=packed heights="220px"> File:SAR Class F 84 (4-6-4T) CSAR 266 .jpg|CSAR Class F no. 266, SAR no. 84, on a suburban, c. 1910 File:Class F 81 (4-6-4T) CSAR 263 Playing Cards.jpg|SAR Class F no. 81, as depicted on a SAR Museum Playing Card </gallery>

==References== {{Commons category|South African Class F (4-6-4T)|South African Class F 4-6-4T|position=left}} {{Reflist}} {{Locomotives of the CSAR}} {{Locomotives of South Africa}}

1110 1110 Category:2′C2′ n2t locomotives Category:4-6-4T locomotives Category:Vulcan Foundry locomotives Category:Cape gauge railway locomotives Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1904 Category:1904 in South Africa Category:Scrapped locomotives