South African Class 19 4-8-2

{{Short description|1928 design of steam locomotive}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}} {{Use South African English|date=November 2013}} {{Infobox locomotive | name = South African Class 19 & 19R 4-8-2 | image = SAR Class 19 1369 (4-8-2) R.JPG | alt = | caption = No. 1369 plinthed in Breyten, 11 June 2005 | hatnote = ♠ Class 19 as built with a round-topped firebox {{font color|red|♥}} Class 19R rebuilt with a Watson Standard boiler | powertype = Steam | designer = [[South African Railways]] (Col F.R. Collins [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]]) | builder = [[Berliner Maschinenbau]] | ordernumber = | serialnumber = 9279–9282 | buildmodel = Class 19 | builddate = 1928 | totalproduction = 4 | rebuilder = | rebuilddate = | numberrebuilt = | whytetype = [[4-8-2]] (Mountain) | uicclass = 2'D1'h2 | driver = 2nd coupled axle | gauge = {{Track gauge|Cape|allk=on}} | leadingdiameter = {{convert|28+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | coupleddiameter = {{convert|54|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | trailingdiameter = {{convert|33|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | tenderdiameter = {{convert|34|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | minimumcurve = | wheelbase = {{convert|58|ft|7+3/4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | engine total = {{convert|32|ft|2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | leading = {{convert|6|ft|2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | coupled = {{convert|14|ft|5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | trailing = | tender total = {{convert|16|ft|9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | tenderbogie = {{convert|4|ft|7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | pivotcentres = | wheelspacing = '''1-2:''' {{convert|4|ft|10|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} '''2-3:''' {{convert|4|ft|9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} '''3-4:''' {{convert|4|ft|10|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | length = | over couplers = {{convert|67|ft|6+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | over bufferbeams= | width = | height = ♠ {{convert|12|ft|10|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|12|ft|10+7/8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | frametype = [[Locomotive frame#Bar frames|Bar]] | axleload = ♠ {{convert|13|lt|9|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|12|lt|19|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | leadingbogie/pony= ♠ {{convert|14|lt|7|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|13|lt|18|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled all = | coupled 1 = ♠ {{convert|13|lt|3|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|12|lt|15|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled 2 = ♠ {{convert|13|lt|1|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|12|lt|12|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled 3 = ♠ {{convert|13|lt|9|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|12|lt|19|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled 4 = ♠ {{convert|13|lt|8|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|12|lt|16|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled 5 = | coupled 6 = | coupled 7 = | coupled 8 = | trail bogie/pony= ♠ {{convert|12|lt|1|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|10|lt|18|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | tenderbogieload = '''Bogie 1:''' {{convert|28|lt|16|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} '''Bogie 2:''' {{convert|29|lt|8|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | tenderaxle = {{convert|14|lt|14|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | weightondrivers = ♠ {{convert|53|lt|1|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|51|lt|2|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | locoweight = ♠ {{convert|79|lt|9|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|75|lt|18|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | tenderweight = {{convert|58|lt|4|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | locotenderweight = ♠ {{convert|137|lt|13|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|134|lt|2|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | tendertype = [[South African type MS tender|MS (2-axle bogies)]] [[South African type MP tender|MP]], [[South African type MP1 tender|MP1]], [[South African type MR tender|MR]], MS, [[South African type MX tender|MX]], [[South African type MY tender|MY]], [[South African type MY1 tender|MY1]] permitted | fueltype = Coal | fuelcap = {{convert|11|lt|1|abbr=on}} | watercap = {{convert|5000|impgal|L|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} | tendercap = | sandcap = | fireboxtype = Round-top | firearea = ♠ {{convert|37|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|36|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | boiler = [[South African locomotive numbering and classification#Watson Standard boilers|Watson Standard no. 1A]] | boilertype = | pitch = {{convert|8|ft|mm|0|abbr=on}} | diameterinside = {{convert|5|ft|mm|0|abbr=on}} | lengthinside = {{convert|20|ft|2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | smalltubediameter= ♠ '''120:''' {{convert|2+1/4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} '''76:''' {{convert|2+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | largetubediameter= ♠ '''21:''' {{convert|5+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} '''24:''' {{convert|5+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | boilerpressure = {{convert|200|psi|kPa|0|abbr=on}} | safetyvalvetype = [[Safety valve#"Pop" valves|Pop]] | feedwaterheater = | totalsurface = ♠ {{convert|2176|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|1839|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | tubearea = ♠ {{convert|2036|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|1700|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | archarea = ♠ {{convert|13|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|16|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | fluearea = | tubesandflues = | fireboxarea = ♠ {{convert|127|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|123|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | superheatertype = | superheaterarea = ♠ {{convert|506|ft2|m2|3|abbr=on}} {{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|404|ft2|m2|3|abbr=on}} | generator = | cylindercount = Two | cylindersize = {{convert|21|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} bore {{convert|26|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} stroke | frontcylindersize= | rearcylindersize = | hpcylindersize = | lpcylindersize = | valvegear = [[Walschaerts valve gear#History|Heusinger]] | valvetype = [[Piston valve (steam engine)|Piston]] | valvetravel = | valvelap = | valvelead = | transmission = | trainheating = | locobrakes = | trainbrakes = | safety = | coupling = [[Janney coupler|AAR knuckle]] | maxspeed = | poweroutput = | tractiveeffort = ♠{{font color|red|♥}} {{convert|31850|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} @ 75% | factorofadhesion = | locobrakeforce = | operator = South African Railways | operatorclass = Class 19, 19R | powerclass = | numinclass = 4 | fleetnumbers = 1366–1369 | officialname = | nicknames = | axleloadclass = | deliverydate = 1928 | firstrundate = 1928 | lastrundate = | withdrawndate = 1977 | preservedunits = | restoredate = | scrapdate = | currentowner = | disposition = | notes = }}

The '''South African Railways Class 19 4-8-2''' of 1928 was a steam locomotive.

In 1928, the South African Railways placed four Class 19 steam locomotives with a {{nowrap|[[4-8-2]]}} Mountain type wheel arrangement in service. They were the forerunners of a family of light-rail branch line engines which would remain in service until the very end of the steam era. One of them was later reboilered with a Watson Standard boiler and reclassified to Class 19R.<ref name="Holland 2">{{Holland-Vol 2|pages=57–58}}</ref><ref name="SAR&H Jul 1946">Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1946). ''The Locomotive in South Africa – A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII – South African Railways (Continued).'' South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, Jul 1946. pp. 541–543.</ref><ref name="Paxton-Bourne">{{Paxton-Bourne|pages=10–11, 69–70}}</ref>

==Manufacturer== [[File:Col F.R. Collins DSO.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Col F.R. Collins DSO]] Until 1928, the bulk of light {{convert|60|lb/yd|kg/m|0|abbr=off}} branch line traffic on the South African Railways (SAR) was hauled by [[South African Class 6 4-6-0|Classes 6]], [[South African Class 7 4-8-0|7]] and [[South African Class 8 4-8-0|8]] locomotives. Due to the increase in traffic during the late 1920s, the need arose for a new and heavier type of branch line locomotive.<ref name="SAR&H Jul 1946"/>

At the request and under the direction of Colonel F.R. Collins [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]], Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the SAR from 1922 to 1929, the basic design of the new {{nowrap|Class 19}} 4-8-2 steam locomotive was done by Research and Test Engineer M.M. Loubser, himself later to be appointed as CME from 1939 to 1949. In 1928, four locomotives were built in Germany by [[Berliner Maschinenbau AG]] (BMAG), the former L. Schwartzkopff. They were delivered and placed in service during that same year.<ref name="SAR&H Jul 1946"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Loubser">[[:Talk:South African Class 19 4-8-2#Content of email received from RS Loubser, son of MM Loubser, SAR CME 1939-1949, on 17 June 2011|Information supplied by R.S. Loubser, son of M.M. Loubser]]</ref>

==Characteristics== The locomotives, numbered in the range from 1366 to 1369, were in essence a lighter branch line development of the earlier [[South African Class 15C 4-8-2|Classes 15CB]] and [[South African Class 15CA 4-8-2|15CA]] heavy 4-8-2 mainline locomotives and proved to be extremely successful. They were approximately 50% more powerful than the Class 8 family and also had better speed with their larger diameter coupled wheels. They were superheated, built on bar frames and their piston valves were actuated by [[Walschaerts valve gear]].<ref name="SAR&H Jul 1946"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Durrant">{{Durrant-Twilight|page=97}}</ref>

A feature which was to be followed for all subsequent SAR locomotives was their relatively large firegrate area of {{convert|37|sqft|m2|abbr=off}}. The round-topped firebox had flexible stays fitted in the breaking zones. Three support brackets tied the boiler barrel to the main bar frames. As far as practicable, mountings were fixed to a steam stand on the firebox top and fitted with extensions to the spindles to carry the handles inside the cab, within easy reach of the enginemen.<ref name="SAR&H Jul 1946"/>

The cylinders drove on the second pair of coupled wheels. The locomotives were fitted with the single slide-bar type piston crossheads, popular in Europe but prone to rapid wear under South African conditions. The valve spindle crossheads were screwed to the ends of the valve spindles and secured with locknuts. Although this made adjustment easier, it was not satisfactory in service and was later replaced by the usual taper fit with [[Cotter (pin)|cotter pin]]. With these two exceptions, the mechanical parts of the Class 19 gave very little trouble.<ref name="SAR&H Jul 1946"/>

As built, the Class 19 was delivered with [[South African type MS tender|Type MS]] tenders with an {{convert|11|lt|t|1|abbr=off}} coal and a {{convert|5000|impgal|L|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} water capacity and an axle load of {{convert|14|lt|14|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=off}}.<ref name="Diagram-book 1">South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 August 1941). ''Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte''. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. p. 45.</ref><ref name="Diagram-book 2">South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 August 1941). ''Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte, Steam Locomotives/Stoomlokomotiewe''. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6a-7a, 26, 45.</ref>

==Successors== Following the pilot project with only four Class 19 locomotives, four variants on the class were acquired over the next twenty-one years.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Durrant"/> * The slightly smaller [[South African Class 19A 4-8-2|Class 19A]] in 1929. * The [[South African Class 19B 4-8-2|Class 19B]] in 1930. * The [[South African Class 19C 4-8-2|Class 19C]] in 1935. * The [[South African Class 19D 4-8-2|Class 19D]] between 1936 and 1949.

The Class 19 family earned a reputation for reliability, easy handling, long periods between overhauls and economical operation. While preparing the specifications, Loubser gave considerable thought to the layout of this locomotive and the Research and Test Department was consulted on the most suitable wheel arrangement and other design details. The result more than justified the amount of care and thought taken during the design process.<ref name="Holland 2"/><ref name="SAR&H Jul 1946"/>

==Watson Standard boilers== From the 1930s, many serving locomotives were reboilered with a standard boiler type designed by then CME A.G. Watson as part of his standardisation policy. Such Watson Standard reboilered locomotives were reclassified by adding an "R" suffix to their classification.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Diagram-book 1"/><ref name="Diagram-book 2"/>

In 1966, when Class 19 no. 1367 was reboilered with a [[South African locomotive numbering and classification#Watson Standard boilers|Watson Standard no. 1A]] boiler, it became the sole Class 19R. The Watson Standard no. 1A boiler was designed to the same basic dimensions as the Class 19 boiler, but with more superheater elements, a different tube arrangement and larger diameter small tubes. In the process of reboilering, no. 1367 was also equipped with a Watson cab with its distinctive inclined front compared to the conventional vertical front of the original cab.<ref name="Durrant"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Diagram-book 1"/><ref name="Diagram-book 2"/>

While an obvious visual difference between an original and a Watson Standard reboilered locomotive is usually a rectangular regulator cover just to the rear of the chimney on the reboilered locomotive, the slanted front of the new cab on no. 1367 served as an even more obvious identifying feature.<ref name="Diagram-book 1"/><ref name="Diagram-book 2"/>

==Service== The four Class 19 locomotives were placed in service on the line between [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]] and [[Vryburg]], but they eventually spent their later working years at [[Empangeni]] and on the [[Bergville]] branch in [[Natal Province|Natal]]. In the 1950s, they were used especially on passenger trains between [[Machadodorp]] via [[Breyten]] to [[Vryheid]]. Some later exchanged their Type MS tenders for lighter modified [[South African type MP1 tender|Type MP1 tenders]]. By 1977, they were all withdrawn from service. No. 1369, with a Type MP1 tender, was plinthed in Breyten in [[Mpumalanga]]. One engine, the reboilered Class 19R no. 1367, was sold into industrial service in Natal and became the Platberg Colliery no. 2.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Durrant"/>

==Preservation==

{| class="wikitable" |- ! Number !! Works nmr !! THF / Private !! Leaselend / Owner !! Current Location !! Outside South Africa !! ? |- | 1366 || BERLINER 9279 || THF || || Krugersdorp Locomotive Depot || || |- | 1369 || BERLINER 9282 || Private || Municipality || Breyton (Main Street) || || |}

==Illustration== The last picture below shows the reboilered Class 19R no. 1367. Note the regulator cover to the rear of the chimney and the inclined front of the cab. <gallery mode=packed heights="200px"> File:Class 19 no. 1366.jpg|No. 1366, as delivered with [[South African type MS tender|Type MS]] tender, c. 1928 File:SAR Class 19 1369 (4-8-2) L.JPG|No. 1369 in Breyten, Mpumalanga, 11 June 2005 File:Class 19R no. 1367.jpg|No. 1367, the only Class 19R, at work in Empangeni, Natal, c. 1966 </gallery>

==References== {{Commons category|South African Class 19 (4-8-2)|South African Class 19 4-8-2|position=left}} {{Reflist}} {{Locomotives of South Africa}} {{Steam locomotive tenders}}

[[Category:Steam locomotives of South Africa|1980]] [[Category:F.R. Collins locomotives|1980]] [[Category:Watson Standard no. 1A|1980]] [[Category:4-8-2 locomotives]] [[Category:2D1 locomotives]] [[Category:Berliner locomotives]] [[Category:Cape gauge railway locomotives]] [[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1928]] [[Category:1928 in South Africa]]