{{Short description|Angolan energy company}} {{Infobox company | name = Sociedade Nacional de Combustíveis de Angola E.P. | trade_name = Sonangol | logo = Sonangol Logo.svg | image = Luanda-Sonangol.jpg | image_caption = Sonangol head office in Luanda | type = [[Statutory corporation]] | traded_as = | predecessor = | successor = | founder = | defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | fate = | area_served = | key_people = [[Sebastião Gaspar Martins]] (chairman and CEO) | industry = [[Oil and gas industry]] | products = | services = | revenue = US$ 10.9 billion | revenue_year = 2023 | operating_income = | net_income = | assets = | equity = | owner = [[Government of Angola]] | num_employees = 13,000 | num_employees_year = 2022 | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = {{URL|www.sonangol.co.ao|Sonangol.co.ao}} | footnotes = | intl = | caption = | foundation = {{Sda|1976}} | location_city = [[Luanda]] | location_country = Angola | locations = }}
'''Group Sonangol''' ({{langx|pt|Grupo Sonangol}}) is a [[Government-owned corporation|parastatal]] that formerly oversaw [[petroleum]] and [[natural gas]] production in [[Angola]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Heller |first=Patrick R. P. |title=Angola's Sonangol: dexterous right hand of the state |date=2011 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/oil-and-governance/angolas-sonangol-dexterous-right-hand-of-the-state/C30B4DA86EB3A8DC09FED47DE8F63236 |work=Oil and Governance: State-Owned Enterprises and the World Energy Supply |pages=836–884 |editor-last=Victor |editor-first=David G. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511784057.022 |isbn=978-0-511-78405-7 |editor2-last=Hults |editor2-first=David R. |editor3-last=Thurber |editor3-first=Mark C. |access-date=2023-06-16 |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120241/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/oil-and-governance/angolas-sonangol-dexterous-right-hand-of-the-state/C30B4DA86EB3A8DC09FED47DE8F63236 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The group consisted of '''Sonangol E.P.''' ({{langx|pt|Sociedade Nacional de Combustíveis de Angola, E.P.}}) and its many [[subsidiaries]]. The subsidiaries generally had Sonangol E.P. as a primary client, along with other corporate, commercial, and individual clients. In 2023, Sonangol produced 202,000 [[Barrel (unit)|barrels]] of oil with an income of [[United States dollar|US$]] 10.9 billion.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Sonangol celebrates 48 years with focus on onshore exploration |url=https://africadosul.mirex.gov.ao/ops/501 |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Angola in South Africa |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120425/https://africadosul.mirex.gov.ao/ops/501 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==History==
=== Foundation === On the eve of [[Portuguese Angola]]'s independence from Portugal following the [[Carnation Revolution]] and the [[election]] of a [[Democracy|democratic government]] in Portugal in 1976, the company ANGOL (ANGOL ''Sociedade de Lubrificantes e Combustíveis'' SARL), founded in 1953 as a subsidiary of Portuguese company [[SACOR]]) was [[Nationalization|nationalized]] and split in two, forming '''Sonangol U.E.E.''' and '''Direcção Nacional de Petróleos'''. Directive 52/76 instituted Sonangol as a [[State-owned enterprise|state-owned company]] with a mandate to manage the country's substantial [[Petroleum industry in Angola|petroleum industry]]. Using the extant remains of [[Texaco]], [[Total S.A.|Total]], [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]] and [[Mobil]]'s oil works, Sonangol obtained the assistance of [[Algeria]]n [[Sonatrach]] and of [[Italy|Italian]] [[Eni]].<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" />
=== Expansion === As the company grew it had a need to obtain services, such as [[telecommunications|telecommunications services]], retail network support, [[truck driver|trucking]], [[shipping]], [[data management]], [[Science|scientific]], [[engineering]], [[seismic]], and others. The company created subsidiaries to meet these needs. Sonangol and its many subsidiaries have continued to expand into other lines of business.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Winne.com - Report on Angola - Angola's tormented path to petro-diamond led growth |url=https://www.winne.com/angola/to18.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603133712/https://www.winne.com/angola/to18.html |archive-date=2023-06-03 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=World INvestment NEws}}</ref>
In 1983, Sonangol opened its first international subsidiary, [[Sonangol Group#Sonangol Limited|Sonangol Limited]], in [[London]].<ref name=":11" />
In 1992, [[Sonangol Group#Sonangol P & P|Sonangol P & P]] was founded as a prospection and production subsidiary.<ref name=":11" />
In 1999, Sonangol U.E.E. became Sonangol E.P.<ref name=":11" />
Oil giant [[Marathon Oil]] announced in September 2013 that it had agreed a deal in principle to sell a 10% stake in its offshore Angolan oilfield to Sonangol.<ref>{{Citation | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hon-angola-idUSBRE9890MV20130910 | title = Marathon Oil to sell stake in Angolan field for $590 million | year = 2013 | publisher = [[Reuters]] | location = International | access-date = 2021-07-05 | archive-date = 2021-05-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210516075412/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hon-angola-idUSBRE9890MV20130910 | url-status = live }}</ref>
In December 2013, Sonangol acquired the [[Hydrocarbon exploration|exploration]] rights to five onshore oil blocks in [[Angola]], which could be tendered for development at a later date.<ref>{{Citation| url = http://www.oilreviewafrica.com/exploration/exploration/sonangol-secures-exploration-rights-in-five-onshore-blocks-in-angola| title = Sonangol secures oil exploration rights in five onshore blocks in Angola| year = 2013| publisher = Oil Review Africa| location = [[Africa]]| access-date = 2013-12-12| archive-date = 2013-12-12| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131212124324/http://www.oilreviewafrica.com/exploration/exploration/sonangol-secures-exploration-rights-in-five-onshore-blocks-in-angola| url-status = live}}</ref>
=== Graft under the dos Santos family ===
==== Didier Keller bribery case ==== According to the judgement of a Swiss court in 2020, Didier Kelley paid key Sonangol officials a total of US$ 6.8 million in [[Bribery|bribes]] between 2005 and 2008 while [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of [[SBM Offshore]]. Kelley was fined over US$ half a million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Esau |first=Iain |date=2020-08-05 |title=Ex-SBM Offshore boss hit by fine and suspended sentence for Angola graft |url=https://www.upstreamonline.com/production/ex-sbm-offshore-boss-hit-by-fine-and-suspended-sentence-for-angola-graft/2-1-853009 |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=upstreamonline.com |language=en}}</ref> At the time the bribery took place, the [[chairman of the board of directors]] of Sonangol was [[Manuel Vicente]], who was also [[Vice President of Angola]] under [[President of Angola|President]] [[José Eduardo dos Santos]]. Though Vicente was not accused of accepting these bribes directly, in the opinion of the Swiss authorities, he would have been aware of them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-20 |title=Switzerland condemns businessman for corruption of Sonangol staff |url=https://www.verangola.net/va/en/102020/Defense/22382/Switzerland-condemns-businessman-for-corruption-of-Sonangol-staff.htm |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=VerAngola |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829124007/https://www.verangola.net/va/en/102020/Defense/22382/Switzerland-condemns-businessman-for-corruption-of-Sonangol-staff.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Dream's Leisure ==== Starting in 2006, Sonangol financed the construction of the [[Centro de Convenções de Talatona]] (CCTA), a [[convention center]] which was opened in December 2009 by President dos Santos. The CCTA included the [[Hotel rating|five-star]]<ref name=":4" /> [[Hotel de Convenções de Talatona]] (HCTA), and in total cost Sonangol over US$ 200 million. Despite being the sole financier, Sonangol only held a 30% stake in the CCTA, which was majority held by Simaroco and also partially by Oil International Supply Services S.A. (OISS) and a [[China|Chinese]] investor. Simaroco was founded in 2005 by José Carlos de Castro Paiva, then [[Chair (officer)|chairman]] of [[Sonangol#Sonangol Limited|Sonangol Limited]] and Sonangol's representative on the [[board of directors]] of the [[Banco Africano de Investimentos]]. OISS was owned in part by Alberto Cardoso Severino Pereira, Sonangol's former [[financial director]], and [[lawyer]] Domingos de Assunção de Sousa de Lima Viegas, who was also employed by Sonangol and was Sonangol’s representative on the [[Audit|auditing]] committee of the BAI. In effect, this transferred millions of dollars' worth of [[Asset|assets]] held by a state entity into private hands.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Morais |first=Rafael Marques de |author-link=Rafael Marques (journalist) |date=2012-05-22 |title=Hotel Talatona and the Scavangeing of Sonangol |url=https://www.makaangola.org/2012/05/hotel-talatona-and-the-scavangeing-of-sonangol/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303114114/https://www.makaangola.org/2012/05/hotel-talatona-and-the-scavangeing-of-sonangol/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2019-07-31 |title=Estado recupera Hotel Convenções de Talatona |url=https://www.novojornal.co.ao/economia/interior/estado-recupera-hotel-convencoes-de-talatona-74758.html |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Novo Jornal |language=pt |archive-date=2022-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513175712/https://novojornal.co.ao//economia/interior/estado-recupera-hotel-convencoes-de-talatona-74758.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
A ten-year, a US$ 12 million [[contract]] for [[Hotel manager|management]] of the HCTA was then awarded to Dream's Leisure, a company created thirteen days prior to the issuing of the contract, which was owned by [[Manuel Vicente]], then [[chairman of the board of directors]] of Sonangol; Francisco Maria de Lemos, financial director of Sonangol; and Orlando Veloso, director of the engineering department. The terms of this contract stipulated that Sonangol would compensate Dream's Leisure for any net losses incurred through management of the [[hotel]]. Furthermore, the contract forbade Sonangol to transfer any third-party rights without approval from Dream's Leisure. In the opinion of Rui Verde, a lawyer and legal expert of [[anti-corruption]] [[Watchdog journalism|watchdog]] [[Maka Angola]], "the contract clearly encourages Dream's Leisure to inflate costs and declare losses, in order to plunder the State as much as possible."<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":9" />
==== Exem Energy and Sindika Dokolo ==== [[File:Relationship between Angola, Dokolo, and Galp.svg|thumb|Ownership chart showing relationship between Sonangol, Dokolo, and Galp]]In 2006, a company named [[Exem Energy BV]] acquired, in exchange for a US $11 million loan from Sonangol, a 6% stake in multibillion dollar Portuguese international energy company [[Galp Energia]] worth US$ 750 million through [[Share (finance)|shares]] in [[Holding company|holding companies]] [[Amorim Energia]], which holds a 33.45% share in Galp, and Esperaza, which holds a 45% stake in Amorim. Exem Energy BV was controlled and 40% owned by [[Sindika Dokolo]], who was the husband of President dos Santos's daughter [[Isabel dos Santos]].<ref name=":24" /><ref name=":25">{{Cite web |last=Katchkatchishvili |first=Irakli |date=2021-07-27 |title=GBS Disputes secures landmark victory for Sonangol in return of embezzled assets |url=https://www.gbsdisputes.com/gbs-disputes-secures-landmark-victory-for-sonangol-in-return-of-embezzled-assets/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=GBS Disputes |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412101802/https://www.gbsdisputes.com/gbs-disputes-secures-landmark-victory-for-sonangol-in-return-of-embezzled-assets/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
This move was later described in 2020 as "tainted by illegality" by a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] international [[Arbitral tribunal|arbitration tribunal]] in [[Amsterdam]], "to reap an extraordinary financial gain to the detriment of Sonangol and, consequently, of the State of Angola,"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Browning |first=Noah |last2=Goncalves |first2=Sergio |title=Dutch court rules against Dos Santos in oil asset case - lawyers |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/dutch-court-rules-against-dos-santos-oil-asset-case-lawyers-2021-07-27/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106021853/https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/dutch-court-rules-against-dos-santos-oil-asset-case-lawyers-2021-07-27/ |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=17 August 2024 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> which [[Asset freezing|froze]] Exem's assets, ruling in favor of a legal complaint by Sonangol that Exem owes them the shares back because of the corrupt way in which they were acquired.<ref name=":24">{{Cite news |last=Garside |first=Juliette |last2=Pegg |first2=David |last3=Osborne |first3=Hilary |date=2020-01-19 |title=Revealed: how Angolan ruler's daughter used her status to build $2bn empire |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/19/isabel-dos-santos-revealed-africa-richest-woman-2bn-empire-luanda-leaks-angola |access-date=2024-08-18 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2022-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330000325/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/19/isabel-dos-santos-revealed-africa-richest-woman-2bn-empire-luanda-leaks-angola |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":25" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alecci |first=Scilla |date=2021-02-10 |title=Angola asks Dutch court to seize Isabel dos Santos-linked stake in energy firm - ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/luanda-leaks/angola-asks-dutch-court-to-seize-isabel-dos-santos-linked-stake-in-energy-firm/ |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=[[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818071636/https://www.icij.org/investigations/luanda-leaks/angola-asks-dutch-court-to-seize-isabel-dos-santos-linked-stake-in-energy-firm/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fitzgibbon |first=Will |last2=Dalby |first2=Douglas |date=2020-09-19 |title=Dutch court orders key business associate of Isabel dos Santos removed pending investigation - ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/luanda-leaks/dutch-court-orders-key-business-associate-of-isabel-dos-santos-removed-pending-investigation/ |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=[[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120349/https://www.icij.org/investigations/luanda-leaks/dutch-court-orders-key-business-associate-of-isabel-dos-santos-removed-pending-investigation/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Browning |first=Noah |date=8 February 2021 |title=Exclusive: Angola moves to seize Dos Santos-linked asset in Dutch court |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/business/exclusive-angola-moves-to-seize-dos-santos-linked-asset-in-dutch-court-idUSKBN2A80K0/ |access-date=8 August 2024 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>
==== Unaccounted-for billions ==== In December 2011, [[Human Rights Watch]] said that the government of Angola should explain the whereabouts of US$32 billion missing from government funds linked to Sonangol. A December 2011 report by the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) said that the government funds were spent or transferred from 2007 through 2010 without being properly documented in the budget.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/12/20/angola-explain-missing-government-funds Human Rights Watch - Angola: Explain Missing Government Funds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111221173830/http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/12/20/angola-explain-missing-government-funds |date=2011-12-21 }} retrieved 21 December 2011</ref> The IMF was assured that most of $32 billion was being used for "legitimate government reasons" and considered to be "found".<ref>{{cite news |last=Wroughton |first=Lesley |date=2012-01-25 |title=IMF finds most of Angola's missing $32 bln |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE80O00O20120125?sp=true |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816035149/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE80O00O20120125?sp=true |archive-date=2014-08-16 |access-date=13 August 2012 |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> ==== Isabel dos Santos ==== [[File:©NC072.jpg|thumb|Isabel dos Santos (center) in a meeting]]In June 2016, President dos Santos removed the entire board of Sonangol, and installed his daughter Isabel as chairwoman of the company, to "ensure transparency and apply global corporate-governance standards".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-03 |title=All in the family: Angola president picks eldest daughter to head state oil firm, western firms scramble for contracts |url=http://mgafrica.com/article/2016-06-03-all-in-the-family-angola-president-picks-eldest-daughter-to-head-state-oil-firm-western-firms-scramble-for-contract |access-date=2016-06-03 |website=MG Africa |archive-date=2017-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216103334/http://mgafrica.com/article/2016-06-03-all-in-the-family-angola-president-picks-eldest-daughter-to-head-state-oil-firm-western-firms-scramble-for-contract |url-status=live }}</ref> This led to many accusations of [[corruption]] and [[nepotism]]. One year later, Maka Angola reported that Isabel dos Santos demanded, with threat, that the [[Ministry of Finance (Angola)|Ministry of Finance]] inject three billion US$ into the company, claiming it was necessary to [[Bailout|rescue]] Sonangol from immediate [[bankruptcy]], though this was not granted.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morais |first=Rafael Marques de |date=2017-06-01 |title=Sonangol on the Brink |url=https://www.makaangola.org/2017/06/sonangol-on-the-brink/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227230504/https://www.makaangola.org/2017/06/sonangol-on-the-brink/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Isabel and her inner circle were paid [[Salary|salaries]], described in one indictment as "exorbidant renumerations," that cost Sonangol over US$ 13 million in 14 months between 2016 and 2017, with her own monthly salary set at more than US$ 50,000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-15 |title=Isabel dos Santos' team at Sonangol cost 13.1 million dollars in 14 months |url=https://www.verangola.net/va/en/052023/Defense/38494/Isabel-dos-Santos%27-team-at-Sonangol-cost-131-million-dollars-in-14-months.htm |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=VerAngola |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817145301/https://www.verangola.net/va/en/052023/Defense/38494/Isabel-dos-Santos%27-team-at-Sonangol-cost-131-million-dollars-in-14-months.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
In November 15, 2017, the new President of Angola, [[João Lourenço|João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço]], dismissed both Isabel and the entire board of directors under her and named Carlos Saturnino Guerra Sousa e Oliveira as the Sonangol chairman.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukuta |first=Coque |date=2017-11-15 |title=Oposição recebe com naturalidade demissão de Isabel dos Santos |url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/oposicao-recebe-demissao-isabel-santos/4116324.html |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=Voice of America |language=pt |archive-date=2024-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817105037/https://www.voaportugues.com/a/oposicao-recebe-demissao-isabel-santos/4116324.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Exonerado Conselho de Administração da Sonangol |year=2017 |url=https://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/politica/2017/10/46/Exonerado-Conselho-Administracao-Sonangol,2ebb375b-fd02-4e97-b4f4-b90e96e9dc2f.html |location=[[Angola]] |publisher=Angop (Agência Angola Press) |access-date=2017-11-15 |archive-date=2017-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115201940/https://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/politica/2017/10/46/Exonerado-Conselho-Administracao-Sonangol,2ebb375b-fd02-4e97-b4f4-b90e96e9dc2f.html |url-status=live }}</ref> An [[internal audit]] later revealed that after she had been dismissed, Isabel had transferred US $38 million of the company's funds to the [[Dubai]] based company Ironsea (later renamed Matter),<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-03-05 |title=Angola's Isabel dos Santos denies graft allegations by oil firm chief |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/angola-sonangol-isabel/angolas-isabel-dos-santos-denies-graft-allegations-by-oil-firm-chief-idUSL5N1QN2NY |newspaper=Reuters}}</ref> which was only created by herself and her friend, Mário Leite da Silva, earlier that year. In total, Ironsea/Matter charged Sonangol more than US$ 130 million.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-15 |title=Isabel dos Santos accused of 12 crimes in the process involving Sonangol management |url=https://www.verangola.net/va/en/052023/Defense/38492/Isabel-dos-Santos-accused-of-12-crimes-in-the-process-involving-Sonangol-management.htm |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=VerAngola |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817145306/https://www.verangola.net/va/en/052023/Defense/38492/Isabel-dos-Santos-accused-of-12-crimes-in-the-process-involving-Sonangol-management.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
Isabel fled to Dubai to avoid [[arrest]] in Angola, and in 2022 [[Interpol]] issued a [[Interpol notice|red notice]] towards her.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 30, 2022 |title=Interpol confirms red notice for Angolan billionaire Isabel dos Santos |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/interpol-confirms-red-notice-angolan-billionaire-isabel-dos-santos-2022-11-30/ |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=2024-08-13 |archive-date=2023-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609061448/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/interpol-confirms-red-notice-angolan-billionaire-isabel-dos-santos-2022-11-30/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She is accused of crimes including [[abuse of power]], [[abuse of trust]], [[embezzlement]], [[forgery]] of documents, [[influence peddling]], [[money laundering]], and [[tax fraud]].<ref name=":6" /> She was convicted of embezzling [[Euro|€]]52.6 million from Sonangol in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-21 |title=Isabel dos Santos convicted of illegally embezzling 52.6 million euros from Sonangol |url=https://www.verangola.net/va/en/062023/Society/36055/Isabel-dos-Santos-convicted-of-illegally-embezzling-526-million-euros-from-Sonangol.htm |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=VerAngola |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817145304/https://www.verangola.net/va/en/062023/Society/36055/Isabel-dos-Santos-convicted-of-illegally-embezzling-526-million-euros-from-Sonangol.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Privatization and streamlining === In February 2019, the Angolan government began its [[PROPRIV|Propriv]] privatization program, and created the [[National Oil, Gas and Biofuel Agency]] (ANPG) to take over regulation and promotion of the Angolan petroleum industry from Sonangol. ANPG was given the power to supervise Sonangol, and became the new national [[Concession (contract)|concessionaire]]. In this regard, ANPG now controls who wins licenses to explore for petroleum, and awards contracts for production.<ref>{{cite news |date=February 8, 2019 |title=Angola's National Oil and Gas Agency is now official |url=https://energycapitalpower.com/angolas-national-oil-and-gas-agency-is-now-official/ |accessdate=May 7, 2022 |work=Energy Capital & Power |postscript=none |archive-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525100612/https://energycapitalpower.com/angolas-national-oil-and-gas-agency-is-now-official/ |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |date=2022 |title=Presidential Decree No. 49/19 creating the National Agency for Oil, Gas and Biofuel (ANPG). FAOLEX Database |url=https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC184689 |accessdate=May 7, 2022 |website=FAO.org |archive-date=May 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508012715/https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC184689 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In May 2019, Carlos e Oliveira was sacked<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2019 |title=Sonangol's head rolls |url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12642/Sonangol%27s_head_rolls |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=Africa Confidential |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817103536/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/12642/Sonangol%27s_head_rolls |url-status=live }}</ref> and replaced by Sebastião Gaspar Martins as head of the company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gonçalves |first=Inês |title=Gaspar Martins reconduzido como CEO da Sonangol |url=https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/empresas/detalhe/gaspar-martins-reconduzido-como-ceo-da-sonangol |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=Jornal de Negocios |language=pt-PT |archive-date=2024-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817103535/https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/empresas/detalhe/gaspar-martins-reconduzido-como-ceo-da-sonangol |url-status=live }}</ref>
In July 2019, President Lourenço canceled the Dream's Leisure contract, returning control of the Talatona hotel to the state.<ref name=":9" />
In April 2020, the Ministry of Finance began conducting a pruning of Sonangol's other functions, including a selling of its peripheral businesses such as its ventures in [[aviation]], [[Bank|banking]], hotels, and [[real estate]], many of which were built during the regime of the dos Santos family. Sonangol will refocus on its core business: the petroleum industry. Finally, Sonangol itself is to undergo a [[partial privatization]], making 30% of shares of itself available for purchase by 2027. These reforms are aimed at transforming Sonangol from being both regulating body and oil producer into a corporate entity overseen by a separate state entity, though it will remain majority state owned.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayuk |first=NJ |date=2023-07-04 |title=Angola’s Sonangol’s Journey Towards Partial Privatization and Shifting Mission - African Energy Chamber |url=https://energychamber.org/angolas-sonangols-journey-towards-partial-privatization-and-shifting-mission/ |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=African Energy Chamber |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813123703/https://energychamber.org/angolas-sonangols-journey-towards-partial-privatization-and-shifting-mission/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Almeida |first=Henrique |last2=Mendes |first2=Candido |date=2022-09-01 |title=Angola Plans to Sell Stake in National Oil Firm Sonangol by 2027 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-02/angola-plans-to-sell-stake-in-national-oil-firm-sonangol-by-2027 |access-date=2024-08-13 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120242/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-02/angola-plans-to-sell-stake-in-national-oil-firm-sonangol-by-2027 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Organization== The Sonangol Group is vast and complex, described as "an economic octopus".<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |last=Burgis |first=Tom |date=17 July 2012 |title=Sonangol: An economic octopus |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a0b5777a-c5f5-11e1-b57e-00144feabdc0 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=www.ft.com |archive-date=2019-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004143635/https://www.ft.com/content/a0b5777a-c5f5-11e1-b57e-00144feabdc0 |url-status=live }}</ref> It operates in offices around the world, and owns, owned, or shared dozens of subsidiaries and joint venture companies [[Upstream (petroleum industry)|upstream]], [[midstream]], [[Downstream (petroleum industry)|downstream]], and outside of the petroleum industry, not only in Africa, but in North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia as well.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-01-19 |title=Angola: China Sonangol International Holding may be privatised in 2021 |url=https://furtherafrica.com/2021/01/19/angola-china-sonangol-international-holding-may-be-privatised-in-2021/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=FurtherAfrica |language=en-GB |archive-date=2022-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813192216/https://furtherafrica.com/2021/01/19/angola-china-sonangol-international-holding-may-be-privatised-in-2021/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2024, the company is currently in the process of [[Divestment|divesting]] of many of its non-core assets.<ref>{{Cite web |last=D |first=Sourav |date=2020-03-01 |title=Angola’s Sonangol to begin asset sales in April in latest move to privatization |url=https://www.financial-world.org/news/news/business/5194/angolas-sonangol-to-begin-asset-sales-in-april-in-latest-move-to-privatization/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Financial World |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120243/https://www.financial-world.org/news/news/business/5194/angolas-sonangol-to-begin-asset-sales-in-april-in-latest-move-to-privatization/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Main headquarters === Sonangol's main corporate headquarters are in the Sonangol Building located on Rua Rainha Ginga, No 29-31 in the commercial Baixo neighborhood of the [[Ingombota]] district in Luanda. The Sonangol Building was built in 2005, designed by Chinese [[architect]] Sung-ho Hang. 2,000 people are employed in the building.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 September 2005 |title=Angola: Sonangol New Head Office to Employ Over 2,000 People |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200509080749.html |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[allAfrica]]}}</ref>
=== Trading offices ===
==== Sonangol Asia Limited ==== Sonangol Asia Limited (Sonasia)<ref name=":11">{{Cite book |title=Angola Energy Sector Handbook |date=2011-07-08 |publisher=USA International Business Publications |isbn=9781438701660 |volume=1}}</ref> is a subsidiary [[trading company]] headquartered in Singapore which has been in operation since 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-16 |title=ANGOLA : Lourenço follows dos Santos asset trail to Singapore - 30/03/2021 |url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/southern-africa-and-islands/2021/03/30/lourenco-follows-dos-santos-asset-trail-to-singapore,109654319-evg |access-date=2024-08-16 |website=Africa Intelligence |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817103536/https://www.africaintelligence.com/southern-africa-and-islands/2021/03/30/lourenco-follows-dos-santos-asset-trail-to-singapore,109654319-evg |url-status=live }}</ref> Its head offices are located in the [[Centennial Tower (Singapore)|Centennial Tower]] in Singapore's [[Downtown Core]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=SONANGOL ASIA LIMITED |url=https://www.sgpbusiness.com/company/Sonangol-Asia-Limited |access-date=16 August 2024 |website=Singapore Business Directory |archive-date=17 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817103536/https://www.sgpbusiness.com/company/Sonangol-Asia-Limited |url-status=live }}</ref>''<ref name=":0" />''
==== Sonangol Limited ==== Sonangol Limited is Sonangol's European trading subsidiary in the United Kingdom. Its 9,000 square foot head office is located on [[Brompton Road]] in the [[Knightsbridge]] [[Districts of London|district]] of London.''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Stephens |first=Sian |url=https://resourcegovernance.org/publications/sonangol-angolas-charm-offensive |title=Sonangol: Angola’s Charm Offensive |date=1 March 2016 |publisher=[[Natural Resource Governance Institute]] |access-date=13 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813103749/https://resourcegovernance.org/publications/sonangol-angolas-charm-offensive |archive-date=13 August 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>''<ref>{{Cite web |title=A brand new office for Sonangol London |url=https://www.peldonrose.com/projects/sonangol-london |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=Peldon Rose |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817103536/https://www.peldonrose.com/projects/sonangol-london |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Sonangol USA ==== [[File:Sonangol-USA-text-logo.png|thumb|Sonangol USA logo]]Sonangol USA, or Sonusa, is Sonangol's trading company in the [[United States]].''<ref name=":0" />'' since November 12th, 1997.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Contact Us |url=https://www.sonangol-usa.com/contact-us.php |access-date=17 August 2024 |website=Sonangol USA |archive-date=1 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301225046/https://www.sonangol-usa.com/contact-us.php |url-status=live }}</ref> Its 40,000 square foot headquarters are on Enclave Parkway in the [[Houston Energy Corridor|Energy Corridor]] of [[Houston]], [[Texas]].<ref name=":10" />
=== Holding companies ===
* China Sonangol International Holding Limited, ''joint holding company in Hong Kong''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Burgis |first=Tom |last2=Sevastopulo |first2=Demetri |date=2014-08-08 |title=China in Africa: how Sam Pa became the middleman |url=https://www.ft.com/content/308a133a-1db8-11e4-b927-00144feabdc0 |access-date=2024-08-14 |work=Financial Times |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120748/https://www.ft.com/content/308a133a-1db8-11e4-b927-00144feabdc0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Empresa de Serviços e Sondagens de Angola (ESSA)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-06 |title=Seadrill signs new JV with Sonangol, Angola |url=https://www.worldoil.com/news/2019/2/6/seadrill-signs-new-jv-with-sonangol-angola/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813103800/https://www.worldoil.com/news/2019/2/6/seadrill-signs-new-jv-with-sonangol-angola/ |archive-date=2024-08-13 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=www.worldoil.com |language=en}}</ref>
* Sonadrill Holding, ''50/50 joint venture with [[Seadrill]], controls Sonangol-owned [[Drillship|drillships]]'' Sonangol Quenguela''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=SDRL - New Angola Contract for Seadrill Joint Venture Quenguela Drillship |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sdrl--new-angola-contract-for-seadrill-joint-venture-quenguela-drillship-301291471.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813103750/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sdrl--new-angola-contract-for-seadrill-joint-venture-quenguela-drillship-301291471.html |archive-date=2024-08-13 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref> and'' Sonangol Libongos'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-03 |title=Angola: Sonadrill Wins 12-well, $402,500 Per Day Contract for Libongos Drillship |url=https://www.oedigital.com/news/500667-angola-sonadrill-wins-12-well-402-500-per-day-contract-for-libongos-drillship |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325183639/https://www.oedigital.com/news/500667-angola-sonadrill-wins-12-well-402-500-per-day-contract-for-libongos-drillship |archive-date=2023-03-25 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Offshore Engineer Magazine |language=en}}</ref> as well as Seadrill-owned'' West Gemini<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-25 |title=West Gemini booked for long-term drilling campaign offshore Angola |url=https://www.offshore-mag.com/drilling-completion/article/14275407/west-gemini-booked-for-long-term-drilling-campaign-offshore-angola |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813103752/https://www.offshore-mag.com/drilling-completion/article/14275407/west-gemini-booked-for-long-term-drilling-campaign-offshore-angola |archive-date=2024-08-13 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Offshore |language=en}}</ref> * Sonangol Cabo Verde Sociedade e Investimentos<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |title=Angola |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-investment-climate-statements/angola/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228122455/https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-investment-climate-statements/angola/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":18">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-13 |title=Sonangol Would Have to Be Restructured Before Sale - Africa’s premier report on the oil, gas and energy landscape. |url=https://africaoilgasreport.com/2022/04/farm-in-farm-out/sonangol-would-have-to-be-restructured-before-sale/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=africaoilgasreport.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120751/https://africaoilgasreport.com/2022/04/farm-in-farm-out/sonangol-would-have-to-be-restructured-before-sale/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":19">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-21 |title=Sonangol will privatize 12 assets this year and wants to launch another 32 tenders |url=https://www.verangola.net/va/en/012021/Economy/23651/Sonangol-will-privatize-12-assets-this-year-and-wants-to-launch-another-32-tenders.htm |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=VerAngola |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120750/https://www.verangola.net/va/en/012021/Economy/23651/Sonangol-will-privatize-12-assets-this-year-and-wants-to-launch-another-32-tenders.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Esperaza Holding BV ''holding company''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rani |first=Archana |date=2021-07-28 |title=Angola’s Sonangol declared as sole owner of investment in Galp |url=https://www.offshore-technology.com/news/sonangol-sole-owner-galp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813103749/https://www.offshore-technology.com/news/sonangol-sole-owner-galp/ |archive-date=2024-08-13 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Offshore Technology |language=en-US}}</ref> ** Amorim Energia, ''holding company with shares in Galp''<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 4, 2023 |title=Angolan oil firm Sonangol to keep stakes in Galp, Millennium bcp |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/angolan-oil-firm-sonangol-keep-stakes-galp-millennium-bcp-2023-01-04/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112110422/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/angolan-oil-firm-sonangol-keep-stakes-galp-millennium-bcp-2023-01-04/ |archive-date=2023-01-12 |access-date=2024-08-13 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>
=== Upstream petroleum companies === ==== Sonamer ==== Sonamer is an oil and natural gas well drilling company established in 1998 between Sonangol (49%) and [[Pride International]] (51%), specializing in deep and ultra-deep waters.<ref name=":11" />''<ref name=":0" />'' It operates a fleet of [[Drillship|drillships]] including the Pride Africa and Pride Angola.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1999-07-01 |title=Former land drilling contractor makes a play for deepwater |url=https://www.offshore-mag.com/vessels/article/16757581/former-land-drilling-contractor-makes-a-play-for-deepwater |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818093634/https://www.offshore-mag.com/vessels/article/16757581/former-land-drilling-contractor-makes-a-play-for-deepwater |archive-date=2024-08-18 |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=Offshore |language=en}}</ref> The company is registered to a [[post office box]] in [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]], [[The Bahamas|Bahamas]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=SONAMER ANGOLA LIMITED overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/FC031148 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818093634/https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/FC031148 |archive-date=2024-08-18 |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref>
==== Sonangol Hidrocarbonetos Brazil ==== [[File:Sonangol-starfish.jpg|thumb|Sonangol Starfish logo]]Sonangol Hidrocarbonetos Brazil Ltda, formerly Sonangol Starfish Oil & Gas SA,<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://atosoficiais.com.br/anp/despacho-n-504-2016-?origin=instituicao |title=SUPERINTENDENT'S DISPATCH No. 504/2016, DOU 11.5.2016 |date=10 May 2016 |publisher=[[National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels]] |access-date=29 August 2024 |ref=Order 504 |archive-date=29 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120751/https://atosoficiais.com.br/anp/despacho-n-504-2016-?origin=instituicao |url-status=live }}</ref> formed in 2010 after Sonangol purchased Starfish Oil and Gas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Millard |first=Peter |date=31 May 2010 |title=Sonangol Seeks Brazil Partners After Starfish Buy |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-05-31/sonangol-seeks-offshore-oil-partners-in-brazil-after-starfish-acquisition |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> It produces and explores for oil in [[Brazil]].<ref name=":0" />
==== Sonangol P & P ==== Sonangol Pesquisa e Produção (Sonangol P&P) is an oil exploration and production arm of the Sonangol group.''<ref name=":0" />'' In addition to its activities in Angola, it also operates the Najmah and Qayara oil fields in [[Iraq]] through its subsidiary, Sonangol P & P Iraq.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-06 |title=International Oil Companies: Sonangol {{!}} Iraq Business News |url=https://www.iraq-businessnews.com/list-of-international-oil-companies-in-iraq/international-oil-companies-sonangol/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810030717/https://www.iraq-businessnews.com/list-of-international-oil-companies-in-iraq/international-oil-companies-sonangol/ |archive-date=2024-08-10 |access-date=2024-08-25 |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Midstream petroleum companies ===
==== Kwanda Suporte Logístico ==== [[File:Soyo Kwanda base.jpg|thumb|Kwanda Logistics Base on Kwanda Island in Soyo in 2007]] Sonangol (through holding company subsidiary Sonangol Holdings) holds a 30% stake in the operating company of a logistics base for the petroleum industry on [[Kwanda Island]] in Soyo, alongside Italy's [[Saipem]] (49%) and fellow Angolan companies [[Casoy]] (11%) and [[Sangemental]] (10%).<ref>{{Cite web |title=KWANDA |url=https://kwanda.co.ao/about |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=kwanda.co.ao |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120831/https://kwanda.co.ao/about |url-status=live }}</ref>
The base is located strategically to provide services both to the Port of Soyo and to nearby oil blocks.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date=2024-05-10 |title=Angola’s Infrastructure Supports New Concessions, Ahead of 2025 Bid Round |url=https://energycapitalandpower.africa-newsroom.com/press/angolas-infrastructure-supports-new-concessions-ahead-of-2025-bid-round?lang=en |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Energy Capital & Power |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120756/https://energycapitalandpower.africa-newsroom.com/press/angolas-infrastructure-supports-new-concessions-ahead-of-2025-bid-round?lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref> The facilities at the base include three [[Wharf|quays]] for oil and gas ships to dock, with storage, catering, housing, and medical services on shore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Portfolio |url=https://kwanda.co.ao/portfolio |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=kwanda.co.ao |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120756/https://kwanda.co.ao/portfolio |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwanda - Angola - The Energy Year |url=https://theenergyyear.com/energy-company/kwanda-suporte-logistico/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=theenergyyear.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526182800/https://theenergyyear.com/energy-company/kwanda-suporte-logistico/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kwanda has over 700 employees.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-07 |title=Logistics support for Angolan oil and gas - Manuel GRAÇAS DE DEUS - The Energy Year |url=https://theenergyyear.com/articles/logistics-support-for-angolan-oil-and-gas/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=theenergyyear.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301152550/https://theenergyyear.com/articles/logistics-support-for-angolan-oil-and-gas/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== OPS ==== OPS Servicos de Producao de Petroleos Ltd is a joint venture between Sonangol and SBM Offshore that operates and manages a fleet of five [[Floating production storage and offloading|FPSOs]] owned by [[Sonangol Group#Sonasing|Sonasing]]: Kuito, Mondo, Sanha, and Saxi Batuque, as well as N’Goma, which was previously named Xikomba prior to a major refit.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web |last=Iain |date=2015-10-13 |title=PAENAL Shipyard |url=https://energy-oil-gas.com/news/paenal-shipyard/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Energy, Oil & Gas magazine |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528161220/https://energy-oil-gas.com/news/paenal-shipyard/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== SONILS ==== [[File:SONILS logo with text.png|thumb|SONILS logo]]Sonangol Integrated Logistics Services operates a two-million square meter<ref name=":21">{{Cite web |title=Experiência da Sonils pode ser replicada na Namíbia |url=https://www.opais.ao/economia/experiencia-da-sonils-pode-ser-replicada-na-namibia/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Jornal OPaís |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829121306/https://www.opais.ao/economia/experiencia-da-sonils-pode-ser-replicada-na-namibia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> petroleum industry onshore supply base in Luanda Bay with a 2 kilometer long quay,<ref>{{Cite web |title=SERVICES {{!}} SONILS |url=https://www.sonils.co.ao/en/services/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518165155/https://www.sonils.co.ao/en/services/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 Mar 2023 |title=Sonils organiza prova de atletismo para saudar Dia da Segurança |url=https://www.opais.ao/desporto/sonlis-organiza-prova-de-atletismo-para-saudar-dia-da-seguranca/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Jornal OPaís |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120412/https://www.opais.ao/desporto/sonlis-organiza-prova-de-atletismo-para-saudar-dia-da-seguranca/ |url-status=live }}</ref> equipment rentals, cargo facilities, warehouses, medical facilities, and other support services for ships.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SONILS |url=https://www.namibiaoilandgasconf.com/partners-and-supporters-2024/sonils |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Namibia National Oil and Gas Conference 2023 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824111404/https://www.namibiaoilandgasconf.com/partners-and-supporters-2024/sonils |url-status=live }}</ref> Over 3,000 people work at the Luanda facility, over half of whom are Angolan nationals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-05 |title=Presidente namibiano visita instalações da Sonils |url=https://www.verangola.net/va/pt/032024/Politica/39134/Presidente-namibiano-visita-instala%C3%A7%C3%B5es-da-Sonils.htm |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=VerAngola |language=pt |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120333/https://www.verangola.net/va/pt/032024/Politica/39134/Presidente-namibiano-visita-instala%C3%A7%C3%B5es-da-Sonils.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> 65% of Angola's oil goes through SONILS.<ref name=":21" />
The SONILS base was designed in 1993, inaugurated in 1995, and expanded in 1998, 2004, and 2008, then given a new dock extension in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=organization {{!}} SONILS |url=https://www.sonils.co.ao/en/organization/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229154538/https://www.sonils.co.ao/en/organization/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Sonangol Logística ==== Sonangol Logística is a liquid fuel storage subsidiary of Sonangol. In 2020, Sonangol Logística possessed 358,511 cubic meters of total fuel storage, representing over half the country's total capacity.<ref name=":27">{{Cite web |date=2020-01-31 |title=The country has 971 service stations. Sonangol is a leader |url=https://www.verangola.net/va/en/012020/Energy/18310/The-country-has-971-service-stations-Sonangol-is-a-leader.htm |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=VerAngola |language=en |archive-date=2022-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123083715/https://www.verangola.net/va/en/012020/Energy/18310/The-country-has-971-service-stations-Sonangol-is-a-leader.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Sonangol Kizomba.jpg|thumb|Oil tanker Sonangol Kizomba, one of the vessels owned through Sonangol Shipping]]
==== Sonangol Shipping ==== Sonangol Shipping Holdings Limited and its subsidiary, Sonangol Shipping Angola, own a fleet of tankers bearing the Sonangol name, which transport both crude and refined oil to destinations worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonangol USA Company - Oil Shipping |url=https://www.sonangol-usa.com/oil-shipping.php |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=www.sonangol-usa.com |archive-date=2021-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301225126/https://www.sonangol-usa.com/oil-shipping.php |url-status=live }}</ref> The company is registered in Nissau, Bahamas, though the subsidiaries running the individual ships are all registered in [[Malta]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=SONANGOL SHIPPING HOLDING LIMITED {{!}} ICIJ Offshore Leaks Database |url=https://offshoreleaks.icij.org/nodes/56018861 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=offshoreleaks.icij.org |archive-date=2020-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027012219/https://offshoreleaks.icij.org/nodes/56018861 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Sonasing ==== Sonasing was founded in 1999 as a 50-50 joint venture between Sonangol and [[SBM Offshore#Group companies|SBM Production]]. Its mission is to acquire FPSOs and [[Floating production storage and offloading#Types|FSOs]] for use by the Angolan oil industry. Sonasing owns the ships [[Sonangol Group#OPS|OPS]] manages and operates.<ref name=":23" />
=== Downstream petroleum and power companies ===
==== ENACOL ==== [[File:Enacol, Mindelo 2.jpg|thumb|An ENACOL gas station in [[Mindelo]], Cape Verde]]Empresa Nacional de Combustíveis, SARL (ENACOL) is owned by Sonangal (32.5%), Petrogal (32.5%), the government of [[Cape Verde]] (29.3%), and other minor partners. It markets, stores, and distributes petrochemicals in Cape Verde.<ref name=":11" /> It is headquartered in [[Mindelo]], [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The International Directory of Government 2021 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2021 |isbn=9781000521375}}</ref>
==== ENCO ==== Empresa Nacional de Combustíveis e Óleos, SARL (ENCO) is the national fuel and gas company of [[São Tomé and Príncipe]]. Sonangol owns a majority stake of the company and, through its subsidiary [[Sonangol Group#SonaGás|SonaGás]], is its primary supplier of fuel and its sole supplier of [[butane]] and [[liquefied natural gas]].<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-12 |title=Sonagás é distribuidora exclusiva de empresa de gás em São Tomé |url=https://expansao.co.ao/empresas/interior/sonagas-e-distribuidora-exclusiva-de-empresa-de-gas-em-sao-tome-42532.html |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=Expansão |language=pt |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120328/https://expansao.co.ao/empresas/interior/sonagas-e-distribuidora-exclusiva-de-empresa-de-gas-em-sao-tome-42532.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last= |title=Jornal de Angola - Notícias - Sonangol vende gás a São Tomé e Príncipe |url=https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/detalhes.php?id=388352 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=Jornal de Angola |language=pt |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120335/https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/detalhes.php?id=388352 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Pumangol ==== [[File:Pumangol Aeroporto.jpg|thumb|A Pumangol aircraft refueling truck]][[Pumangol]] is a network of gas stations and airport and marine fuel terminals formerly belonging to [[Switzerland|Swiss]] oil company [[Puma Energy]]. Sonangol acquired Pumangol and other assets in April 2021 when it sold its stake in Puma Energy to [[Trafigura]] in April 2021 for US$ 600 million, then purchased Puma's assets in Angola, including Pumangol, for the same amount. Pumangol owns 81 fuel stations, fuel terminals in four airports, and the Terminal de Combustíveis da Pumangol em Luanda (TCPL) in [[Luanda Bay]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Payne |first=julia |date=April 16, 2021 |title=Trafigura to buy Sonangol's Puma Energy stake for $600 million |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/trafigura-buy-sonangols-puma-energy-stake-600-million-2021-04-16/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516201451/https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/trafigura-buy-sonangols-puma-energy-stake-600-million-2021-04-16/ |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |accessdate=May 7, 2021 |work=Reuters}}</ref> with its 81st fuel station opened on January 27, 2024 in Luanda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bem-Vindos ao PA Gamek! - Notícias - Institucional |url=https://www.pumangol.co.ao/pt/institucional/noticias/bem-vindos-ao-pa-gamek |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=Pumangol |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120333/https://www.pumangol.co.ao/pt/institucional/noticias/bem-vindos-ao-pa-gamek |url-status=live }}</ref> Ivanilson Machando is CEO.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-25 |title=Pumangol Advocates for Liberalization of Angolan Downstream Sector |url=https://energycapitalpower.com/pumangol-advocates-for-liberalization-of-angolan-downstream-sector/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526210731/https://energycapitalpower.com/pumangol-advocates-for-liberalization-of-angolan-downstream-sector/ |archive-date=2024-05-26 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=energycapitalpower.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
==== Quilemba Solar Company ==== {{Main article|Quilemba Solar Power Station}}
In 2021, Sonangol joined forces with [[France|French]] company Total Eren (a Total Energy subsidiary)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cossins-Smith |first=Annabel |date=2023-07-25 |title=TotalEnergies fully acquires renewables company Total Eren |url=https://www.power-technology.com/news/totalenergies-fully-acquires-total-eren/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829121310/https://www.power-technology.com/news/totalenergies-fully-acquires-total-eren/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and Angolan company [[Greentech-Angola Environment Technology]] to begin building a [[Photovoltaic power station|photovoltaic power plant]] in [[Lubango]], with Sonangol possessing a 30% stake and Total Eren with a 51% majority.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-14 |title=Sonangol, Total Eren e Greentech assinam parceria no ″Projecto Solar Quilemba″ que promete aumentar capacidade de produção de energias limpas no sul de Angola |url=https://novojornal.co.ao/economia/interior/sonangol-total-eren-e-greentech-assinam-parceria-no-projecto-solar-quilemba-que-promete-aumentar-capacidade-de-producao-de-energias-limpas-no-sul-de-angola-104898.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818113639/https://novojornal.co.ao/economia/interior/sonangol-total-eren-e-greentech-assinam-parceria-no-projecto-solar-quilemba-que-promete-aumentar-capacidade-de-producao-de-energias-limpas-no-sul-de-angola-104898.html |archive-date=2024-08-18 |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=Novo Jornal |language=pt}}</ref> ==== Sonangalp ==== [[File:Sonangalp logo.svg|thumb|Sonangalp logo]]Sonangalp Limitada is a fuel and [[lubricant]] distribution company formed in 1994 in partnership with Petrogal.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Reed |first=Kristin |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/225871536 |title=Crude existence: environment and the politics of oil in Northern Angola |date=2009 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-25822-8 |series=Global, area, and international archive |location=Berkeley |oclc=225871536}}</ref> It is one of the three main subsidiary companies through which Galp Energia operates in Angola.<ref name=":42">{{Cite book |title=eBizguides Angola: All you need to know to do business and have fun |year=2008 |isbn=9788493397883 |pages=123}}</ref> Sonangalp owns 54 filling stations in Angola.<ref name=":27" />
Sonangol owns a 30% stake which is slated for divestment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rani |first=Archana |date=2022-09-05 |title=Angola looking to divest stake in Sonangol within next five years |url=https://www.offshore-technology.com/news/angola-stake-sonangol-five/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Offshore Technology |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520201219/https://www.offshore-technology.com/news/angola-stake-sonangol-five/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Sonangol Distribuidora ==== [[File:Avenida de Don João II Luanda March 2013 02.JPG|thumb|A Sonangol gasoline station on Don João II Ave in Luanda, likely operated by Sonangol Distribuidora.]] Sonangol Distribuidora is a [[Downstream (petroleum industry)|downstream]] petroleum product distribution subsidiary of Sonangol. It operates numerous retail gasoline stations.''<ref name=":0" />'' In 2018, Sonangol Distribuidora employed 910 workers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-11 |title=Sindicato denuncia ameaça de despedimentos na Sonangol Distribuidora |url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/sindicato-denuncia-amea%C3%A7a-de-despedimentos-na-sonangol-distribuidora/5324175.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240825112928/https://www.voaportugues.com/a/sindicato-denuncia-amea%C3%A7a-de-despedimentos-na-sonangol-distribuidora/5324175.html |archive-date=2024-08-25 |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=Voice of America |language=pt}}</ref>
In 2021, an unnamed former Sonangol Distribuidora CEO was charged with taking bribes from Trafigura and its CEO Mike Wainwright during the dos Santos presidency, gaining the latter profits of profits of US$ 143.7 million between 2009 and 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Sam |last2=Wilson |first2=Tom |date=6 December 2023 |title=Trafigura charged in Switzerland over alleged Angolan bribery |url=https://www.ft.com/content/cbef56e4-ff82-4a1e-9e4d-061debdc2795 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818113638/https://www.ft.com/content/cbef56e4-ff82-4a1e-9e4d-061debdc2795 |archive-date=18 August 2024 |access-date=18 August 2024 |work=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref>
=== Integrated petroleum companies ===
==== SonaGás ==== [[File:SonaGás logo.png|thumb|SonaGás logo]]{{Not to be confused with|Sonagas|text=the [[Sonagas|Sociedad Nacional de Gas de Guinea Ecuatorial]]}} Sonangol Gás Natural (SonaGás) develops and distributes natural gas.''<ref name=":0" />'' SonaGás has a 22.8% stake in [[Angola LNG]], a major [[liquefied natural gas]] (LNG) plant near [[Soyo]], along with its partners [[Cabinda Gulf Oil Company]] (a subsidiary of Chevron), [[BP]], Eni, and Total.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jover |first=Estefanía |title=Angola Private Sector Country Profile |last2=Pintos |first2=Anthony |last3=Marchand |first3=Alexandra |publisher=[[African Development Bank]] |year=2012}}</ref>
In 2017, SonaGás became the exclusive supplier of butane and liquid natural gas to [[Sonangol Group#ENCO|ENCO]], the national gas company of [[São Tomé and Príncipe]].<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" />
In July 2024, [[Afreximbank]] announced plans to open a [[fertilizer]] factory called AMUFERT in Soyo, with SonaGás owning a 10% stake and responsibilities for supply of gas to the factory.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-31 |title=Angola: Afreximbank Commits $1.4 B to Fertilizer Plant |url=https://energycapitalpower.com/angola-afreximbank-commits-1-4-b-to-fertilizer-plant/ |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=energycapitalpower.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120332/https://energycapitalpower.com/angola-afreximbank-commits-1-4-b-to-fertilizer-plant/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Sonangol-Congo ==== In 1998, Sonangol incorporated a subsidiary in [[Kinshasa]] in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2008-09-10 |title=Angola: Sonangol's Strong Hand |url=https://www.energyintel.com/0000017b-a7b4-de4c-a17b-e7f6819c0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817205451/https://www.energyintel.com/0000017b-a7b4-de4c-a17b-e7f6819c0000 |archive-date=2024-08-17 |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=Energy Intelligence |language=en}}</ref> as a 60-40 joint venture with [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwean]] company [[COMIEX]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations Security Council |date=2001-11-13 |title=Addendum to the report of the Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth of DR Congo (S/2001/1072) - Angola {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/angola/addendum-report-panel-experts-illegal-exploitation-natural-resources-and-other-forms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206185200/https://reliefweb.int/report/angola/addendum-report-panel-experts-illegal-exploitation-natural-resources-and-other-forms |archive-date=2022-12-06 |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref> with the Congolese [[Minister of State]], Pierre-Victor Mpoyo, as its first CEO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=David and Goliath |url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/3917/David_and_Goliath |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817205451/https://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/3917/David_and_Goliath |archive-date=2024-08-17 |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=www.africa-confidential.com |language=en}}</ref> Sonangol later increased its stake to 75%.<ref name=":12" /> Sonangol Congo focuses on the importing, marketing, storage, transportation of refined oil products in the DRC.<ref name=":11" /> It is Angola's largest commercial enterprise in the DRC.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Turner |first=Thomas |date=May 2001 |title=The Kabilas' Congo |magazine=Current History |issue=646 |doi=10.1525/curh.2001.100.646.213}}</ref>
=== Construction, engineering, and shipyards === ==== Angoflex ==== [[File:Angoflex-logo.png|thumb|Angoflex logo]]Established in 2002 as a joint venture between Sonangol (30%) and [[#Technip Angola|Technip Angola]] (70%), Angoflex is a manufacturer of [[Umbilical cable|submarine umbilicals]] and [[Pipeline|pipelines]] for the oil industry, with over 24 projects<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 June 2023 |title=Namibia seeks Angola's experience in oil sector |url=https://www.angop.ao/en/noticias/economia/namibia-quer-aproveitar-experiencia-de-angola-no-sector-petrolifero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629145157/https://www.angop.ao/en/noticias/economia/namibia-quer-aproveitar-experiencia-de-angola-no-sector-petrolifero/ |archive-date=29 June 2023 |access-date=25 August 2024 |work=[[Angola Press Agency]]}}</ref> completed for clients such as BP, [[Chevron Corporation|Chevron]], Eni, [[ExxonMobil]], and Total.<ref name=":11" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-15 |title=Expansion of Angoflex showcases Technip's umbilical capability in Africa |url=https://www.offshore-mag.com/subsea/article/16761511/expansion-of-angoflex-showcases-technips-umbilical-capability-in-africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818113638/https://www.offshore-mag.com/subsea/article/16761511/expansion-of-angoflex-showcases-technips-umbilical-capability-in-africa |archive-date=2024-08-18 |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=Offshore |language=en}}</ref> In 2019, Angoflex celebrated its 500th kilometer of umbilicals produced.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Jornal de Angola - Notícias - Produção da Angoflex atinge 500 quilómetros |url=https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/detalhes.php?id=436894 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818113642/https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/detalhes.php?id=436894 |archive-date=2024-08-18 |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=[[Jornal de Angola]] |language=pt}}</ref>
==== PAENAL ==== Porto Amboim Estaleiros Navais (PAENAL) was founded in 2008 as a joint venture between Sonangol and partner SBM Offshore, with [[Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering]] joining in 2010.<ref name=":23" /> PAENAL operates a shipyard in [[Porto Amboim]] that specializes in the construction and servicing of FPSO ships, and is the only shipyard in Angola with the capacity to do so. The yard employs 1,000 people and can fabricate up to 10,000 tons of modules per year. It is equipped with a 490 meter quay and [[Jamba (crane)|Jamba]], the largest heavy lifting crane in Africa with a 2,500 ton capacity. The first African-built FPSO, CLOV, was built in PAENAL and launched in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paenal Porto Amboim Estaleiros Navais |url=https://www.epicos.com/company/14258/paenal-porto-amboim-estaleiros-navais |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=www.epicos.com |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302192959/https://www.epicos.com/company/14258/paenal-porto-amboim-estaleiros-navais |url-status=live }}</ref> Sonangol owns a 10% share of PAENAL which is planned for divestment in accordance with Propriv.<ref name=":20">{{Cite news |date=April 25, 2020 |title=Angola's Sonangol begins selling assets in firms |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/business/finance/angolas-sonangol-begins-selling-assets-in-firms-idUSL5N2CC7GD/ |access-date=August 13, 2024 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>
==== Petromar ==== [[File:Petromar+logo(1).png|thumb|Petromar logo]]Petromar builds, installs, and designs offshore facilities like [[Oil platform|oil platforms]], [[Crane (machine)|cranes]], and deep water equipment.''<ref name=":0" />'' The company was created by the Angolan government on October 6, 1984, as a result of Decree 23/84. It has a fabrication yard in Soyo.
In 2020, as part of Propriv, Sonangol made its 30% stake in Petromar available for bidding.<ref name=":15">{{Cite news |date=8 May 2020 |title=Angola's Sonangol opens public tender for assets in firms |url=https://africa-energy-portal.org/news/angolas-sonangol-opens-public-tender-assets-firms |access-date=25 August 2024 |work=Africa Energy Portal}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Mbabazi |first=Eunniah |date=2020-04-29 |title=Angola's Oil Firm Begins Selling Assets |url=https://kenyanwallstreet.com/angolas-oil-firm-begins-selling-assets/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001053646/https://kenyanwallstreet.com/angolas-oil-firm-begins-selling-assets/ |archive-date=2022-10-01 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=Kenyan Wall Street - African Business and Global Finance |language=en-US}}</ref>
==== Sonacergy ==== Sonacergy Serviços e Construções Petrolíferas, Lda is a company that performs drilling, inspection, maintenance, assistance, and research of oil facilities. As part of Propriv, Sonangol is as of 2020 looking to divest its 40% stake of Sonacergy.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":15" /><ref name=":20" />
==== Sonamet ==== Sonamet Industrial S.A. manufactures oil platforms and other large metal structures from its production facilities in [[Lobito Bay]].<ref name=":11" /> It was founded as a joint venture between Sonangol and ETPM, which is now [[Subsea 7]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.sonamet.com/overview |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Sonamet |language=en |archive-date=2024-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414065236/https://www.sonamet.com/overview |url-status=live }}</ref> As part of Propriv, Sonangol is as of 2020 looking to divest its 40% stake in Sonamet.''<ref name=":0" />''<ref>{{Cite web |last=D |first=Sourav |date=2020-04-28 |title=Angola’s state oil company Sonangol begins asset sales |url=https://www.financial-world.org/news/news/business/5599/angolas-state-oil-company-sonangol-begins-asset-sales/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Financial World |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829121315/https://www.financial-world.org/news/news/business/5599/angolas-state-oil-company-sonangol-begins-asset-sales/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Technip Angola ==== Established in 1999 as a joint venture between Sonangol and [[Technip]], Technip Angola provides engineering services to the oil industry, including those of its subsidiary, [[#Angoflex|Angoflex]].<ref name=":11" />
=== Freight, logistics, and shipping === * Manubito Lda<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Cativelos |first=Pedro |date=2022-03-02 |title=Angola: Sale of Sonangol Assets Yields US$84M • 360 Mozambique |url=https://360mozambique.com/world/africa/angola-sale-of-sonangol-assets-yields-us84m/ |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=360 Mozambique |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813123706/https://360mozambique.com/world/africa/angola-sale-of-sonangol-assets-yields-us84m/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''shipping agency''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quem Somos – Manubito, Lda |url=https://manubito.co.ao/quem-somos/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |language=pt-PT |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814190652/https://manubito.co.ao/quem-somos/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[SonAir]] ''oil and gas industry [[air transport]] service<ref name=":0" />''
* Sonafurt International Shipping<ref name=":19" />
=== Real estate and finance === * AAA Financial Services Ltd<ref name=":11" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Winne.com - Report on Angola - Angola's tormented path to petro-diamond led growth |url=https://www.winne.com/angola/to01.html |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=www.winne.com |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829123832/https://www.winne.com/angola/to01.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * Banco Angolano de Investimentos Cabo Verde (BAICV)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-04 |title=Profits of the Angolan bank BAI Cabo Verde fall by half in 2022 |url=https://www.verangola.net/va/en/072023/BankingInsurance/36218/Profits-of-the-Angolan-bank-BAI-Cabo-Verde-fall-by-half-in-2022.htm |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=VerAngola |language=en}}</ref> * Banco Angolano de Investimentos, S.A. ''relaunched as'' Banco Económico ''in 2014''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morais |first=Rafael Marques de |author-link=Rafael Marques (journalist) |date=2018-10-23 |title=Angola’s Path to Justice: Prosecuting the Guilty and Recovering the Stolen Billions |url=https://www.makaangola.org/2018/10/angolas-path-to-justice-prosecuting-the-guilty-and-recovering-the-stolen-billions/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303230953/https://www.makaangola.org/2018/10/angolas-path-to-justice-prosecuting-the-guilty-and-recovering-the-stolen-billions/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * Dirani Project''<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last= |title=Jornal de Angola - Notícias - Privatização de activos ronda os USD 130 milhões |url=https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/privatizacao-de-activos-ronda-os-usd-130-milhoes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307113619/https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/privatizacao-de-activos-ronda-os-usd-130-milhoes/ |archive-date=2023-03-07 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Jornal de Angola |language=pt}}</ref>'' * Puaça<ref name=":17" /> * Sociedade de Desenvolvimento Imobiliário (SODIMO) ''[[real estate]] management<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-22 |title=Ilha Dourada {{!}} Transparência Internacional Portugal |url=https://transparencia.pt/ilha-dourada/ |access-date=2024-08-13 |language=pt-pt |archive-date=2024-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813103752/https://transparencia.pt/ilha-dourada/ |url-status=live }}</ref>'' * Solo Properties Nightbridge, Ltd.<ref name=":17" /> ''through China Sonangol<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=PricewaterhouseCoopers |title=Target Companies |url=https://www.pwc.com/ao/en/services/tax/privatisation-program/target-companies.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814190641/https://www.pwc.com/ao/en/services/tax/privatisation-program/target-companies.html |archive-date=2024-08-14 |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=PwC |language=en-ao}}</ref>''
=== Technology and telecommunications === * [[MSTelcom|Mercury Services and Telecommunications, S.A.R.L.]] (MSTelcom) ''[[telecommunications]]''<ref name=":1" /> ** Angola e Comunicações e Sistemas, Limitada<ref name=":7" /> *Sonawest ''[[seismic]] data service<ref name=":0" />''
=== Tourism and hospitality === * Centro de Convenções de Talatona (CCTA) ''convention center''<ref name=":5" /> * Hotel da Base do Kwanda<ref name=":7" /> * Hotel de Convenções de Talatona (HCTA) ''five-star hotel''<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Morais |first=Rafael Marques de |author-link=Rafael Marques (journalist) |date=2019-07-17 |title=Sonangol e o Saque no Hotel de 200 Milhões de Dólares |url=https://www.makaangola.org/2019/07/sonangol-e-o-saque-no-hotel-de-200-milhoes-de-dolares/ |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Maka Angola |language=pt-PT |archive-date=2024-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813103753/https://www.makaangola.org/2019/07/sonangol-e-o-saque-no-hotel-de-200-milhoes-de-dolares/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * Hotel Florença ''three-star hotel in Luanda''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Costa |first=Tatiana |date=2020-08-31 |title=Sonangol is going to alienate Hotel Florence |url=https://www.verangola.net/va/en/082020/Economy/21623/Sonangol-is-going-to-alienate-Hotel-Florence.htm |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=VerAngola |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814191656/https://www.verangola.net/va/en/082020/Economy/21623/Sonangol-is-going-to-alienate-Hotel-Florence.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2021-09-24 |title=Sonangol opens public tenders to privatize hotel units |url=https://www.verangola.net/va/en/092021/Tourism/27405/Sonangol-opens-public-tenders-to-privatize-hotel-units.htm |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=VerAngola |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814071116/https://www.verangola.net/va/en/092021/Tourism/27405/Sonangol-opens-public-tenders-to-privatize-hotel-units.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> * Hotel Rio Mar ''hotel in [[Benguela]]''<ref name=":2" /> * Hotel Suíte Maianga ''hotel in Luanda''<ref name=":2" />
=== Other ===
* Atlético Petróleos de Luanda<ref name=":26" />
== Former assets ==
=== Energy and petroleum ===
==== Societé Ivorienne de Raffinage (until 2024) ==== Sonangol held a 20% stake in the [[:fr:Société_Ivoirienne_de_Raffinage|Société Ivoirienne de Raffinage]] oil refining company of [[Ivory Coast|Cote d'Ivoire]] until its sale of those shares in June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonangol obtient le feu vert d’Alassane Ouattara pour la vente de ses parts dans la SIR - Jeune Afrique.com |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1584702/economie-entreprises/sonangol-obtient-le-feu-vert-dalassane-ouattara-pour-la-vente-de-ses-parts-dans-la-sir/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=JeuneAfrique.com |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2024-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713175338/https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1584702/economie-entreprises/sonangol-obtient-le-feu-vert-dalassane-ouattara-pour-la-vente-de-ses-parts-dans-la-sir/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Sonadiets (until 2022) ==== [[File:Sonadiets logo.png|thumb|Sonadiets logo]]Sonadiets Limitada and Sonadiets Services Limitada are Luanda-based joint ventures between Sonangol and international energy firm [[Dietsmann]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tordo |first=Silvana |title=Local Content Policies in the Oil and Gas Sector: Case Studies |last2=Anouti |first2=Yahya |publisher=[[World Bank]] |year=2013}}</ref> They provides operational and maintenance support for the petrochemical industry, as well as workforce training. Their clients include Sonangol subsidiaries as well as Total, ExxonMobil, and Eni.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Energy Year Angola 2021 |date=Apr 6, 2021 |publisher=The Oil & Gas Year Limited |isbn=9781783022373}}</ref>
Sonangol sold its 30% stake in Sonadiets Limitada and 51% in Sonadiets Services in 2022.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":16" /><ref name=":3" />
==== Sonasurf (until 2022) ==== Sonasurf operates ships for the oil industry since its founding in 1999 as a joint venture between Sonangol and Surf S.A.<ref name=":11" /> Sonangol held a 50% stake in Sonasurf Angola and 49% in Sonasurf International until selling both in 2022 under Propriv.<ref name=":3" />
==== Sonatide (until 2022) ==== Sonatide Marine Angola Lda provides ships and ship management services to the oil industry. It was established as a joint venture between Sonangol and Tidewater Marine, a [[Cayman Islands]] based company, with an investment of US$ 1.3 million in 2018, with Sonangol holding a 51% stake in the company and Tidewater Marine holding the rest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2018 |title=Sonangol associa-se a uma empresa dos EUA para prestar serviços à indústria petrolífera |url=https://www.opais.ao/economia/sonangol-associa-se-a-uma-empresa-dos-eua-para-prestar-servicos-a-industria-petrolifera/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Jornal OPaís |archive-date=2024-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530181844/https://www.opais.ao/economia/sonangol-associa-se-a-uma-empresa-dos-eua-para-prestar-servicos-a-industria-petrolifera/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2018 |title=Sonangol e Tidewater vão prestar serviços de cabotagem |url=https://www.opais.ao/economia/sonangol-e-tidewater-vao-prestar-servicos-de-cabotagem/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Jornal OPaís |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829120333/https://www.opais.ao/economia/sonangol-e-tidewater-vao-prestar-servicos-de-cabotagem/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sonangol divested its stake in Sonatide in 2022.<ref name=":22" />
==== Sopor (until 2014) ==== Sociedade Distribuidora de Combustíveis, S.A. (Sopor)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haldevang |first=Max de |date=2020-01-19 |title=All the companies tied to Isabel dos Santos |url=https://qz.com/1787088/all-the-companies-tied-to-isabel-dos-santos |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Quartz |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022021209/http://qz.com/1787088/all-the-companies-tied-to-isabel-dos-santos |url-status=live }}</ref> was a Portuguese fuel and refined petrochemical distributor established in 1957 and based in [[Lisbon]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=SOPOR - SOCIEDADE DISTRIBUIDORA DE COMBUSTÍVEIS, S.A. |url=https://www.worldenergynews.com/companies/company/sopor--sociedade-distribuidora-de-combustveis-sa-216959 |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=www.worldenergynews.com |archive-date=2015-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611044805/http://www.worldenergynews.com/companies/company/sopor--sociedade-distribuidora-de-combustveis-sa-216959 |url-status=live }}</ref> owned by Sonangol (49%) and Petrogal (51%).<ref name=":11" /> Sopor was dissolved on 30 December, 2014.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.galp.com/corp/Portals/0/Recursos/Investidores/SharedResources/Resultados/EN/2014-4T-RT/IA/Report_and_Accounts_2014.pdf |title=Energy on the move: Annual Report and Accounts 2014 |publisher=[[Galp Energia]] |year=2014 |access-date=2024-08-28 |archive-date=2022-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811063607/https://www.galp.com/corp/Portals/0/Recursos/Investidores/SharedResources/Resultados/EN/2014-4T-RT/IA/Report_and_Accounts_2014.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Real estate and finance ===
* Dirani Project<ref name=":3" />''<ref name=":22" />''
=== Hospitality and tourism ===
* Atlântida Viagens e Turismo, ''tourism agency''<ref name=":3" /> * Miramar Empreendimentos ''owning company of Hotel Intercontinental Luanda Miramar<ref name=":3" />''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-29 |title=Miramar Empreendimentos moves into the State sphere |url=https://www.verangola.net/va/en/102020/Tourism/22537/Miramar-Empreendimentos-moves-into-the-State-sphere.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813173856/https://www.verangola.net/va/en/102020/Tourism/22537/Miramar-Empreendimentos-moves-into-the-State-sphere.htm |archive-date=2024-08-13 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=VerAngola |language=en}}</ref> * WTA Internacional S.A. ''travel agency''<ref name=":3" />
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Oliveira |first1=Ricardo Soares de |title=Business Success, Angola-Style: Postcolonial Politics and the Rise and Rise of Sonangol |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=595–619 |date=2007 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X07002893 |issn=0022-278X |jstor=4501948 |s2cid=155027088 |df=mdy-all }}
{{Refend}}
==External links== {{Portal|Companies|Energy}} * [http://www.sonangol.co.ao/wps/portal/!ut/p/c1/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3hDl5AQUzN_QwODAAs3A09D_8AAHx9XQwNzc_1wkA48KkwJyJtB5A1wAEcDfT-P_NxU_eCCEv2C7OwgC0dFRQCM88JA/dl2/d1/L0lHSkovd0RNQU5rQUVnQSEhL1lCWncvZW4!/ Sonangol] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061117004729/http://www.sonangol-usa.com/index_en.shtml Sonangol USA] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070221083540/http://www.sonangol.co.uk/ Sonangol London, in English and Portuguese] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140520221441/https://www.sonangol.pl/ Sonangol Polska] * [https://www.africaintelligence.com/southern-africa-and-islands/2023/06/13/visalia-sues-seadrill-for-dollars70m-over-hook-up-with-sonangol,109993368-gra Visalia sues Seadrill for $70m over hook-up with Sonangol], Africa Intelligence, June 13, 2023 (requires free registration) {{Petroleum industry}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Oil and gas companies of Angola]] [[Category:National oil and gas companies|Ang]] [[Category:Government-owned companies of Angola]] [[Category:Companies based in Luanda]] [[Category:Energy companies established in 1976]] [[Category:Non-renewable resource companies established in 1976]] [[Category:1976 establishments in Angola]] [[Category:Angolan brands]] [[Category:Galp Energia]]