{{Short description|Rural settlement in Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine}} {{Distinguish|Solotvyn}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Solotvyno | native_name = {{Lang|uk|Солотвино}} | other_name = {{native name|ro|Slatina}}<br />{{native name|hu|Aknaszlatina}} | settlement_type = Rural settlement | image_skyline = Солотвинська селищна рада.jpg | imagesize = 280 | image_caption = Solotvyno Settlement council building | image_shield = Solotvino gerb.png | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{UKR}} | subdivision_type1 = Oblast | subdivision_name1 = Zakarpattia Oblast | subdivision_type2 = Raion | subdivision_name2 = Tiachiv Raion | pushpin_map = Ukraine Zakarpattia Oblast#Ukraine | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = top | coordinates = {{coord|47|57|20|N|23|52|16|E|region:UA|display=inline,title}} |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 11.10 |length_km = |width_km = |dimensions_footnotes = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 283 |population_footnotes = |population_as_of = 2022 |population_total = 8391 |population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = EET | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = EEST | utc_offset_DST = +3 | postal_code_type = Postal codes | postal_code = 90575—90578 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = +380 3134 | code1_name = KOATUU | code1_info = 2124455900 | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 11 | mapframe-wikidata = yes }} '''Solotvyno''' (also '''Solotvina'''; {{langx|uk|Солотвино}}; {{langx|ro|Slatina}}; {{langx|hu|Aknaszlatina}} or {{lang|hu|Faluszlatina}}; {{langx|rue|Солотвино}}; {{langx|sk|Slatinské Doly}}; {{langx|yi|סעלאָטפֿינע}}, {{lang|yi-Latn|Selotfine}}) is a rural settlement in Tiachiv Raion, Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine, located adjacent to Romania, on the right bank of the Tisza River opposite the Romanian city of Sighetu Marmației. The current population is {{Ua-pop-est2022|8,391|punct=.}}
==History== Solotvyno was first mentioned {{c.|1360}}. The former town was burned down by the Tatars in 1241. In 1910, the town had a population of 2,330, the majority of whom were Hungarian. In 1920, with the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire, the town was divided in two, with the northern part of the right bank of the Tisza river becoming a part of the newly formed Czechoslovakia. The southern part became Sighet in Romania.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://kmf.uz.ua/hun114/images/konyvek/Csatary_Gyorgy_A_maramarosi_ot.pdf | title=At máramarosi ot koronaváros lucronongaliquarim mie lat diratorius it Ceastor levéltara | trans-title=At Máramarosi ot koronaváros lucornongaliquarim mie lat diratorius it Ceastor lefltara | language=hu | website=kmf.uz.ua}}</ref>
In March 1939 the area was invaded and annexed by Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slantinske-Doly, Czechoslovakia (now Solotvyno, Ukraine) – '45 Aid Society |url=https://45aid.org/location/slantinske-doly-czechoslovakia-now-solotvyno-ukraine/ |access-date=2025-07-27 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Almost the entire Jewish population was murdered in the Holocaust. In April 1944, Hungarian authorities established a ghetto in the Solotvino as part of the wider ghettoization of the region, confining Jews in overcrowded, unsanitary conditions that led to rampant starvation and disease.<ref>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Ghettos.” Holocaust Encyclopedia. <nowiki>https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/ghettos</nowiki>. Accessed 27 July 2025.</ref> On 25 May 1944, the remaining Jews of Solotvino were deported on a single train carrying 3,317 people to Auschwitz, where the majority were murdered in gas chambers on arrival.<ref>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Deportation of Hungarian Jews.” ''Holocaust Encyclopedia''. <nowiki>https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/timeline-event/holocaust/1942-1945/deportation-of-hungarian-jews</nowiki>. Accessed 27 July 2025.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=An Auschwitz Doctor's Eyewitness Account: The Bestselling Tall Tales of Dr. Mengele's Assistant Analyzed 9781911733799 |url=https://dokumen.pub/an-auschwitz-doctors-eyewitness-account-the-bestselling-tall-tales-of-dr-mengeles-assistant-analyzed-9781911733799.html |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=dokumen.pub |language=en}}</ref>
After World War II, Solotvino with the rest of Carpathian Ukraine became part of Ukraine in the Soviet Union. Under Soviet rule, Solotvyno's salt works were nationalized and integrated into the state-run Ukrsolprom, with extraction peaking at 451,000 tonnes per year in the 1970s, representing around 10% of Ukraine's total salt production. Speleotherapy, pioneered in Solotvyno during Soviet times, saw the 1968 founding of an experimental allergological hospital in Mine No. 8, with Mine No. 9’s underground chambers officially opened in 1976 to treat asthma and other respiratory diseases as a sanctioned USSR medical therapy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origen {{!}} Sal y Salud |url=https://www.salysalud.com/en/origen |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=salysalud |language=en}}</ref>
According to the 2001 Ukrainian Census, the majority of the population in the city is Romanian. In 2001, 56.97% of the 8,956 inhabitants spoke Romanian as their native language, while 14.54% spoke Ukrainian, 24.3% Hungarian, and 3.18% Russian.<ref>{{cite web |title=Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України |url=https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/ |access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> Until 26 January 2024, Solotvyno was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Solotvyno became a rural settlement.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Набув чинності Закон про порядок вирішення окремих питань адміністративно-територіального устрою України |url=https://decentralization.ua/en/admin/articles/17342.html |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=decentralization.ua}}</ref>
== Geography == The village is located in the eastern part of Zakarpattia Oblast, on the right bank of the Tisza River, between Rakhiv and the district center Tiachiv, which is located 24 kilometers from Solotvyno. The village's name comes from the nearby salt mine.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Кобаль Й.В. |title=Солотвино. |url=http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?Z21ID=&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Solotvyna_smt |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=resource.history.org.ua}}</ref><ref name=":1">Національний атлас України/НАН України, Інститут географії, Державна служба геодезії, картографії та кадастру; голов. ред. Л. Г. Руденко; голова ред. кол.Б.Є. Патон. — К.: ДНВП «Картографія», 2007. — 435 с. — 5 тис.прим. — ISBN 978-966-475-067-4. Retrieved 2025-07-02.</ref>
The territory of the village has a flat relief. The climate is temperate continental with warm summers and mild winters. South-westerly winds prevail throughout the year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Кагало |first=О. О. |date=2012-12-12 |title=Карпати (Карпатські гори) |url=https://esu.com.ua/article-9920 |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=esu.com.ua |language=uk}}</ref>
The Solotvino rock salt deposit is located near the village of Solotvino.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-05-31 |title=Закарпаття має шанс забезпечити сіллю всю Україну - потрібна допомога ЄС |url=https://infopost.media/zakarpattya-maye-shans-zabezpechyty-sillyu-vsyu-ukrayinu-potribna-dopomoga-yes/ |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=Infopost.Media |language=uk}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
The settlement is the final stop of the Ukrainian section of the railway, which runs from Lviv to Transcarpathia.<ref>Постанова Кабінету Міністрів України від 30 січня 2019 року № 55 [https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/55-2019-%D0%BF#Text «Про затвердження переліку автомобільних доріг загального користування державного значення»] Retrieved 2025-06-28</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Солотвино |url=https://maps.visicom.ua/c/23.84975,47.95958,13/f/STL1NNUJU?lang=uk |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=maps.visicom.ua |language=uk}}</ref>
{{Weather box |location=Solotvyno, Ukraine |metric first=Yes |single line=Yes |Jan record high C= |Feb record high C= |Mar record high C= |Apr record high C= |May record high C= |Jun record high C= |Jul record high C= |Aug record high C= |Sep record high C= |Oct record high C= |Nov record high C= |Dec record high C= |year record high C= |Jan high C=0 |Feb high C=4 |Mar high C=11 |Apr high C=14 |May high C=20.5 |Jun high C=24 |Jul high C=25.5 |Aug high C=24.8 |Sep high C=20.9 |Oct high C=15.1 |Nov high C=6.6 |Dec high C=2.3 |year high C= |Jan mean C=-2.5 |Feb mean C=0.0 |Mar mean C=5.5 |Apr mean C=9.5 |May mean C=14.3 |Jun mean C=18.0 |Jul mean C=19.3 |Aug mean C=18.5 |Sep mean C=14.8 |Oct mean C=9.7 |Nov mean C=3.0 |Dec mean C=-0.6 |year mean C= |Jan low C=-5 |Feb low C=-4 |Mar low C=0 |Apr low C=5 |May low C=8 |Jun low C=12 |Jul low C=13.0 |Aug low C=12.1 |Sep low C=8.7 |Oct low C=4.2 |Nov low C=-0.6 |Dec low C=-3.4 |year low C= |Jan record low C= |Feb record low C= |Mar record low C= |Apr record low C= |May record low C= |Jun record low C= |Jul record low C= |Aug record low C= |Sep record low C= |Oct record low C= |Nov record low C= |Dec record low C= |year record low C= |precipitation colour=green |Jan precipitation mm= |Feb precipitation mm= |Mar precipitation mm= |Apr precipitation mm= |May precipitation mm= |Jun precipitation mm= |Jul precipitation mm= |Aug precipitation mm= |Sep precipitation mm= |Oct precipitation mm= |Nov precipitation mm= |Dec precipitation mm= |year precipitation mm= |source 1=Accuweather <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.accuweather.com/uk/ua/solotvyno/1206046/august-weather/1206046?year=2026 |title= Solotvino, Zakarpattia, Ukraine Monthly Weather AccuWeather}}</ref> }}
== Demographics == As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, Solotvyno had a population of 8,956 which decreased to 8,391 in early 2022. The exact linguistic composition of the town was as follows:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001|title=Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України|website=socialdata.org.ua}}</ref> {{bar box|title=Languages in Solotvyno|titlebar=#ddd|left1=|right1=percent|bars={{bar percent|Romanian|pink|56.9}} {{bar percent|Hungarian|darkred|24.3}} {{bar percent|Ukrainian|dodgerblue|14.5}} {{bar percent|Russian|purple|3.2}} {{bar percent|German|blue|0.8}} {{bar percent|others|gray|0.1}}}}
== Tourist attractions == The city has a salt mine museum, in the southwestern part of the village, with traces of ancient salt mines from Roman times, the Gortsy salt mine. There is an archaeological monument dating from the 9th century BC to 4th century AD, and the Kunigunda salt lake (salt concentration 146–150 ‰).<ref name=":0" />
==Notable residents== *Robert Maxwell, British MP, business owner and fraudster (1923–1991), born here when the village was part of the First Czechoslovak Republic.<ref name="steinberg">Марк Штейнберг. Евреи в войнах тысячелетий. p. 227. {{ISBN|5-93273-154-0}} {{in lang|ru}} Retrieved 2025-07-02.</ref><ref>{{cite journal| author = Иван Мащенко| date = September 7–13, 2002| script-title = ru:Медиа-олигарх из Солотвина| journal = Зеркало недели| issue = #34 (409)| url = http://www.zn.ua/3000/3760/35999/| language = ru| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://archive.today/20121222202133/http://zn.ua/SOCIETY/media-oligarh_iz_solotvina-29458.html| archive-date = 2012-12-22}}</ref>
==Gallery== <gallery> file:Winding tower in Solotvyno (5659-61).jpg|A salt mine in the town of Solotvyno file:Saltlake Solotwino.JPG|Recreation camp, "El dorado" file:Ukraine-Zakarpayska oblast-Solotvuno.JPG file:Solot02.JPG file:Ukraine-Zakarpayska oblast-Solotvuno-Alergologicne pidzemne viddilenja.JPG|Underground office of the hospital file:Solotvyno (Aknaszlatina),former synagogue.jpg|Former synagogue file:Solotvyno,former synagogue.jpg|Former synagogue, now bakery file:Solotvyno (Aknaszlatina). Old Jewish cemetery -01.jpg|Old Jewish cemetery file:Solotvyno (Aknaszlatina). New Jewish cemetery -01.jpg|New Jewish cemetery file:Solotvyno (Aknaszlatina),Jewish memorial plaque.jpg|Jewish memorial plaque </gallery>
==References== {{Reflist}}
== External links == *[http://karpaty.prygl.net/solotvyno.php?lg=en Solotvyno] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122113057/http://karpaty.prygl.net/solotvyno.php?lg=en |date=2010-01-22 }}
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Category:Rural settlements in Tiachiv Raion Category:Mining cities and regions in Ukraine Category:Romanian communities in Ukraine