{{Short description|Orange-hued star in the constellation Pegasus}} {{distinguish|text=the Polaris star|}} {{Starbox begin|name=BD+14 4559 / Solaris}} {{Starbox observe | epoch = J2000 | constell = Pegasus<ref name=Anderson_Francis_2012/> | ra = {{RA|21|13|35.99016}}<ref name=GaiaDR3/> | dec = {{DEC|+14|41|21.7858}}<ref name=GaiaDR3/> | appmag_v = 9.78<ref name=Anderson_Francis_2012/> }} {{Starbox character | type = | class = K2V<ref name="Niedzielski2009" /> | r-i = 0.50<!-- 9.10-8.60 --><ref name=Anderson_Francis_2012/> | v-r = 0.68<!-- 9.78-9.10 --><ref name=Anderson_Francis_2012/> | b-v = 1.611{{±|0.218}} | u-b = | variable = }} {{Starbox astrometry | radial_v = {{val|−44.41|0.14}}<ref name=GaiaDR3/> | prop_mo_ra = 233.909 | prop_mo_dec = −0.360 | pm_footnote = <ref name=GaiaDR3/> | parallax = 20.2837 | p_error = 0.0167 | parallax_footnote = <ref name=GaiaDR3/> | absmag_v = +6.37<ref name=Anderson_Francis_2012/> | absmag_bol = 5.56<ref name="Niedzielski2009" /> }} {{Starbox detail | mass = 0.82{{±|0.02}}<ref name=Bonfanti_et_al_2016/> | radius = 0.78{{±|0.02}}<ref name=Bonfanti_et_al_2016/> | luminosity = 0.32{{±|0.01}}<ref name=Bonfanti_et_al_2016/> | temperature = 4,948{{±|25}}<ref name=Bonfanti_et_al_2016/> | metal_fe = 0.10{{±|0.07}}<ref name="Niedzielski2009"/> | gravity = 4.57{{±|0.03}}<ref name=Bonfanti_et_al_2016/> | age_gyr = 6.9{{±|4.2}}<ref name=Bonfanti_et_al_2016/> | rotational_velocity = }} {{Starbox catalog | names = {{odlist | name=Solaris | AG=+14 2370 | BD=+14 4559 | HIP=104780 | LTT=16221 | PPM=139779 }}<ref name="SIMBAD" /> }} {{Starbox reference | Simbad = BD%2B14+4559 | NSTED = BD+144559 | EPE = BD14+4559 }} {{Starbox end}}
'''BD+14 4559''' is a star with an exoplanetary companion in the northern constellation of Pegasus. During the 2019 NameExoWorlds campaign, the star was named '''Solaris''' by Poland after a 1961 science fiction novel about an ocean-covered exoplanet by Polish writer Stanisław Lem.<ref name="nameexoworlds" /> With an apparent visual magnitude of 9.78,<ref name="Anderson_Francis_2012" /> the star is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye. The system is located at a distance of 161 light-years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −44 km/s.<ref name=GaiaDR3/> It is a high proper motion star,<ref name="Niedzielski2009"/> traversing the celestial sphere at an angular rate of {{val|0.234|u=arcsecond}} yr<sup>−1</sup>.<ref name=Lepine2005/>
This is an ordinary K-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of K2V.<ref name="Niedzielski2009" /> The age of the star is poorly constrained, but is estimated to be roughly seven billion years. It has 82% of the mass and 78% of the radius of the Sun.<ref name=Bonfanti_et_al_2016/> The star is radiating 48%<ref name="Niedzielski2009" /> of the net luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,948 K.<ref name=Bonfanti_et_al_2016/> It has a higher metallicity – the abundance of elements of higher atomic number than helium – compared to the Sun.<ref name="Niedzielski2009" />
==Planetary system== On 10 June 2009, an exoplanet (Pirx) was found in orbit by Niedzielski et al. using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope.<ref name="Niedzielski2009"/> It has a minimum mass of one and a half Jupiter masses ({{Jupiter mass}}). The orbit of this object is highly eccentric and it spends 65% of its orbital period in the star's habitable zone.<ref name=Hinkel_Kane_2013/> A 2020 analysis of data from the Gaia mission has set a 3-sigma upper limit to its mass of 49.83 {{Jupiter mass}}.<ref name="Kiefer2020"/> There may be an undetected second planet orbiting the star; however, this is unconfirmed.<ref name="Niedzielski2009"/>
{{OrbitboxPlanet begin | table_ref = <ref name="Niedzielski2009"/><ref name="Kiefer2020"/> }} {{OrbitboxPlanet | exoplanet = b / Pirx | mass = >1.52 ± 0.19 | period = 268.94 ± 0.99 | semimajor = 0.777 | eccentricity = 0.29 ± 0.03 | inclination = >1.769 }} {{OrbitboxPlanet hypothetical | exoplanet = c | mass = >2.4 | semimajor = >2.3 | period = 800? }} {{Orbitbox end}}
==See also== * BD+20°2457 * HD 240210 * List of extrasolar planets
==References== {{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=SIMBAD>{{cite simbad | title=9 Cet | access-date=2021-11-12 }}</ref>
<ref name=GaiaDR3>{{Cite Gaia DR3|1759623813132980864}}</ref>
<ref name=Anderson_Francis_2012>{{cite XHIP|104780}}</ref>
<ref name="Niedzielski2009">{{cite journal | title=Substellar-mass Companions to the K-dwarf BD+14 4559 and the K-giants HD 240210 and BD+20 2457 | last1=Niedzielski | first1=A. | last2=Nowak | first2=G. | last3=Adamów | first3=M. | last4=Rieke | first4=A. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=707 | issue=1 | pages=768–777 | year=2009 | arxiv=0906.1804 | bibcode=2009ApJ...707..768N | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/707/1/768 | s2cid=16877069 }}</ref>
<ref name="Kiefer2020">{{Cite journal | title=Determining the true mass of radial-velocity exoplanets with Gaia | last1=Kiefer | first1=F. | last2=Hébrard | first2=G. | last3=Lecavelier Des Etangs | first3=A. | last4=Martioli | first4=E. | last5=Dalal | first5=S. | last6=Vidal-Madjar | first6=A. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=645 | pages=A7 | year=2021 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202039168 | arxiv=2009.14164 | bibcode=2021A&A...645A...7K | s2cid=221995447 }}</ref>
<ref name=Bonfanti_et_al_2016>{{cite journal | title=Age consistency between exoplanet hosts and field stars | display-authors=1 | last1=Bonfanti | first1=A. | last2=Ortolani | first2=S. | last3=Nascimbeni | first3=V. | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | year=2016 | volume=585 | id=A5 | pages=14 | arxiv=1511.01744 | bibcode=2016A&A...585A...5B | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201527297 | s2cid=53971692 }}</ref>
<ref name=Hinkel_Kane_2013>{{cite journal | title=Habitability of Exomoons at the Hill or Tidal Locking Radius | last1=Hinkel | first1=Natalie R. | last2=Kane | first2=Stephen R. | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=774 | issue=1 | id=27 | pages=10 | date=September 2013 | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/774/1/27 | arxiv=1307.4760 | bibcode=2013ApJ...774...27H | s2cid=5072506 }}</ref>
<ref name=Lepine2005>{{cite journal | last1=Lépine | first1=Sébastien | last2=Shara | first2=Michael M. | title=A Catalog of Northern Stars with Annual Proper Motions Larger than 0.15" (LSPM-NORTH Catalog) | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=129 | issue=3 | pages=1483–1522 | date=March 2005 | doi=10.1086/427854 | bibcode=2005AJ....129.1483L | arxiv=astro-ph/0412070 | s2cid=2603568 }}</ref>
<ref name="nameexoworlds">{{Cite web | url=https://www.nameexoworlds.iau.org/final-results | title=Approved names | website=NameExoworlds | language=en | access-date=2020-01-02 }}</ref>
}}
{{Stars of Pegasus}}
Category:K-type main-sequence stars Category:Planetary systems with one confirmed planet Category:Pegasus (constellation) BD+14 4559 104780 Category:Commemoration of Stanisław Lem Category:Solaris Solaris Category:Population I stars